新時代,要推進我國經濟社會高質量發展,離不開我國能源的高質量發展。推進我國能源高質量發展,必須從不同層面深刻認識能源安全的新內涵,統籌供給側和需求側確保能源供給安全,加快能源綠色低碳化,以能源安全為著力點支撐經濟社會高質量發展等。
新時代能源安全是多維度的能源安全
首先(xian),新時代(dai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)是生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)建(jian)設(she)理念下的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)。如果(guo)說黨(dang)的(de)(de)十(shi)八(ba)大(da)是我(wo)(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)重(zhong)大(da)戰略(lve)思想的(de)(de)轉折(zhe)點(dian),那么黨(dang)的(de)(de)十(shi)九(jiu)大(da)則(ze)標志著我(wo)(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)重(zhong)大(da)戰略(lve)思想的(de)(de)定型、豐富和成(cheng)(cheng)熟。黨(dang)的(de)(de)十(shi)九(jiu)大(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)提出(chu),“壯大(da)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)、清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)、清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)”,“推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和消費(fei)革命,構建(jian)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)低碳、安全(quan)(quan)高效(xiao)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系”。黨(dang)的(de)(de)十(shi)九(jiu)大(da)把能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)問題作為生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)改革的(de)(de)一個環(huan)(huan)節,說明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)已(yi)經是生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)改革的(de)(de)重(zhong)要內容,同(tong)時也說明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之前我(wo)(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)已(yi)經對生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)建(jian)設(she)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)制(zhi)約。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之所以對生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)建(jian)設(she)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)制(zhi)約,其(qi)最(zui)(zui)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)焦點(dian)在于作為我(wo)(wo)國(guo)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)煤炭,其(qi)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)式已(yi)經不(bu)適應(ying)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)建(jian)設(she)要求。實現(xian)新時代(dai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan),要統籌處理好能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)與生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境治(zhi)理協同(tong)關系:一方(fang)面,積(ji)極推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),大(da)力推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)傳統化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)化(hua)(hua)利用、積(ji)極推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)污(wu)染物(wu)排放(fang)量小的(de)(de)非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高比例發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),有效(xiao)保(bao)障能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)供給(gei);另一方(fang)面,堅(jian)持節約資源(yuan)(yuan)和保(bao)護(hu)環(huan)(huan)境的(de)(de)基本國(guo)策(ce),推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)節約、降(jiang)低污(wu)染物(wu)排放(fang),促進(jin)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)綠色發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)式和生(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式,最(zui)(zui)終使能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)及能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)供給(gei)有效(xiao)支撐美(mei)麗中國(guo)建(jian)設(she),促進(jin)人與自然(ran)和諧共生(sheng)(sheng)。
其次(ci),新時(shi)代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)必須是構(gou)建在低碳(tan)體(ti)系上(shang)(shang)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)。2020年9月22日(ri),習(xi)近平主席在聯合國大(da)(da)會上(shang)(shang)明確提出,“中國將提高國家自主貢獻力度,采取更加有力的政策和(he)措施,二氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)排(pai)(pai)放力爭于2030年前(qian)達到(dao)峰值,努(nu)力爭取2060年前(qian)實(shi)現碳(tan)中和(he)”。2020年12月12日(ri),習(xi)近平主席在氣(qi)候雄心(xin)峰會上(shang)(shang),又(you)明確提出到(dao)2030年我國非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)占比達到(dao)25%,風能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)建成(cheng)12億千(qian)瓦(wa)以上(shang)(shang)總裝機容(rong)量等低碳(tan)發(fa)展(zhan)目標(biao)。當前(qian),我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)活(huo)動(dong)產生的二氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)排(pai)(pai)放量占全(quan)國二氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)排(pai)(pai)放總量的80%以上(shang)(shang),實(shi)現碳(tan)達峰和(he)碳(tan)中和(he)目標(biao),意味著高碳(tan)化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的大(da)(da)幅度減少,意味著當前(qian)我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)式(shi)的重大(da)(da)改變(bian)。因此(ci),新時(shi)代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)成(cheng)為著眼推動(dong)低碳(tan)發(fa)展(zhan)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)。
再次,在總體(ti)(ti)國家(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)觀下統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)源安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),推動落實“四個(ge)(ge)革命、一個(ge)(ge)合作”能(neng)(neng)源安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)新(xin)(xin)戰(zhan)略是關系(xi)(xi)國家(jia)經(jing)濟社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的全(quan)(quan)(quan)局性(xing)、戰(zhan)略性(xing)問題。必須堅持總體(ti)(ti)國家(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)觀,立(li)足于新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階段(duan),貫(guan)徹新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)理念,構建新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)格(ge)局,將能(neng)(neng)源安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)理念體(ti)(ti)現在經(jing)濟社會(hui)、生產生活等各(ge)個(ge)(ge)方面。統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)處理好能(neng)(neng)源安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)(yu)經(jing)濟高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)協同(tong)關系(xi)(xi),協同(tong)推進能(neng)(neng)源安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)(yu)經(jing)濟社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、區域協調發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),增強(qiang)憂(you)患意識(shi),做(zuo)到(dao)居安(an)(an)(an)思危、未雨綢繆。統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)自身能(neng)(neng)源安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)(yu)共同(tong)能(neng)(neng)源安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)關系(xi)(xi),推進國際能(neng)(neng)源互利合作,積極構建人類(lei)命運共同(tong)體(ti)(ti)。統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)進口安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)(yu)國內供(gong)應安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),做(zuo)到(dao)有序擴(kuo)大國外供(gong)給和加強(qiang)國內能(neng)(neng)源安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)保障能(neng)(neng)力建設并行不悖。
最后,新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)能(neng)(neng)源安全(quan)必須做到以人民為(wei)(wei)中心。統(tong)籌(chou)協調(diao)能(neng)(neng)源安全(quan)與能(neng)(neng)源行業高質(zhi)量發展的(de)(de)關系,把提高能(neng)(neng)源供(gong)給(gei)(gei)質(zhi)量和(he)服(fu)務(wu)水(shui)平作為(wei)(wei)主攻(gong)方向,優(you)化(hua)存量資源配置,加強(qiang)(qiang)能(neng)(neng)源基礎設施和(he)公共服(fu)務(wu)能(neng)(neng)力建(jian)設,擴(kuo)大優(you)質(zhi)增量供(gong)給(gei)(gei),增強(qiang)(qiang)高水(shui)平能(neng)(neng)源服(fu)務(wu)能(neng)(neng)力,確保(bao)人民群眾(zhong)共享(xiang)能(neng)(neng)源發展成果(guo)。重點(dian)抓好供(gong)應側(ce)、需(xu)求側(ce)及(ji)供(gong)需(xu)之間的(de)(de)協同,盡快建(jian)立長(chang)效機制,促進供(gong)需(xu)動(dong)態平衡(heng),通過加快發展和(he)深化(hua)改革,增強(qiang)(qiang)日常和(he)應急(ji)狀態下的(de)(de)供(gong)應保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)(neng)力,構建(jian)現代(dai)(dai)能(neng)(neng)源安全(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)系統(tong),創新(xin)綜合應用模式(shi),保(bao)障(zhang)民生的(de)(de)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源消費(fei)和(he)清(qing)潔取暖需(xu)求,更好滿(man)足(zu)人民日益(yi)增長(chang)的(de)(de)美好生活需(xu)要(yao)。
新時代保障能源安全的建議
隨(sui)著(zhu)我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟社會發展(zhan)步(bu)入(ru)新(xin)時(shi)代,能(neng)源(yuan)發展(zhan)不平(ping)衡不充(chong)分的問題(ti)(ti)日益突出(chu)。面(mian)對國(guo)內能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需格局新(xin)變化、國(guo)際(ji)能(neng)源(yuan)發展(zhan)新(xin)趨(qu)勢,我(wo)們(men)既要(yao)立足國(guo)內,穩(wen)定能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給能(neng)力,加快(kuai)推動(dong)技術進步(bu),提高能(neng)效(xiao),節約資源(yuan),保(bao)障安(an)全(quan),又要(yao)面(mian)向(xiang)國(guo)際(ji),擴大合(he)作,推動(dong)形成共同安(an)全(quan);既要(yao)立足當(dang)前,堅持問題(ti)(ti)導向(xiang),著(zhu)力解決當(dang)前運行中存在的突出(chu)矛盾,供(gong)(gong)(gong)需不平(ping)衡問題(ti)(ti),又要(yao)著(zhu)眼長(chang)遠,緊緊圍繞影響(xiang)能(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)運行長(chang)期性、戰略性、深(shen)層次重大問題(ti)(ti),深(shen)化推動(dong)能(neng)源(yuan)生(sheng)產和(he)消費(fei)革命。
一是堅持立足國(guo)內(nei),增(zeng)強清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)供應保障能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。加快(kuai)國(guo)內(nei)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)勘探(tan)開發(fa)和(he)煤炭(tan)清(qing)潔(jie)高效(xiao)轉(zhuan)化(hua),鞏(gong)固常(chang)規能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的基礎地位,積極發(fa)展頁巖氣等非常(chang)規油(you)氣資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),大力(li)發(fa)展新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan),“著力(li)優化(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構,加快(kuai)形成煤、油(you)、氣、核(he)、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)多輪驅動、協調發(fa)展的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應體系”,切實增(zeng)強能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應保障能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)潔(jie)化(hua)水平。
二是堅持(chi)面(mian)向國(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji),著力提高(gao)運籌(chou)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。堅持(chi)互利共贏開放戰略,以“一帶一路”國(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合作(zuo)為中心,全面(mian)提升能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)合作(zuo)質量和水平(ping);積(ji)極參與全球能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)治(zhi)理,搭建國(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)治(zhi)理平(ping)臺,推動(dong)(dong)雙邊、多邊對話合作(zuo)機(ji)制,推動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利益共同體構建。在(zai)全面(mian)開放新格局下保障我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全,掌握(wo)發展主動(dong)(dong)權。
三是堅(jian)持節(jie)約(yue)高效,大力(li)提升(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)潔高效利(li)用水平。以(yi)節(jie)約(yue)優先為(wei)方針,堅(jian)決(jue)控制(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費總量(liang),尤其是控制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費總量(liang),著力(li)提升(sheng)(sheng)煤炭清(qing)潔高效利(li)用水平和利(li)用效率,優化(hua)(hua)升(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費結(jie)構與(yu)產業(ye)結(jie)構,以(yi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)循環利(li)用、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)梯級(ji)利(li)用和能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)綜合利(li)用為(wei)抓手,加快能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)節(jie)約(yue)型社會的建設(she)步(bu)伐。
四是加(jia)強政策統籌(chou),形成有(you)效(xiao)合力(li)(li)。加(jia)強供給側和(he)需求(qiu)側的(de)雙(shuang)向調節,促進供需動態(tai)平衡。在供應側,加(jia)大(da)國內一(yi)次能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)勘探開發力(li)(li)度,鼓勵發展清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan),擴大(da)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)儲備主體(ti)、品種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)規模(mo),同時充分利用(yong)海(hai)外(wai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)。在需求(qiu)側,實行(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消耗(hao)強度和(he)總量“雙(shuang)控”,促進形成節能(neng)(neng)型生產(chan)方式和(he)消費模(mo)式,加(jia)強跨(kua)行(xing)業(ye)、跨(kua)區域、跨(kua)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)有(you)效(xiao)銜(xian)接,為(wei)保障能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)提供全(quan)面(mian)支撐(cheng)。
五是(shi)堅(jian)持協同創新(xin),推(tui)(tui)動(dong)能源行業(ye)高質量發展和促(cu)進供(gong)需(xu)銜接。推(tui)(tui)動(dong)能源體(ti)制機制創新(xin),推(tui)(tui)進重點(dian)領域、關鍵(jian)環節改革(ge)進程,建立天然(ran)氣等能源發展綜合協調機制,健(jian)全(quan)(quan)煤炭、電力、石油、天然(ran)氣等領域需(xu)求側管理和應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)調峰機制,建立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)能源安全(quan)(quan)預測(ce)預警體(ti)系,壓實各方責任,完善應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)預案,強化應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)協調保(bao)障,確(que)保(bao)民(min)生需(xu)求,守住安全(quan)(quan)底線。提高能源資(zi)源配置效率,為(wei)能源轉(zhuan)型發展提供(gong)不竭(jie)動(dong)力。