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為堅持市場(chang)化(hua)(hua)方向，進一步深(shen)化(hua)(hua)燃煤(mei)發(fa)(fa)電上網電價(jia)形(xing)成(cheng)機(ji)制改(gai)(gai)革，平穩有序放開競爭(zheng)性環節電力價(jia)格，經國務(wu)院同意，日(ri)前國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)(gai)革委(wei)出臺《關(guan)(guan)于深(shen)化(hua)(hua)燃煤(mei)發(fa)(fa)電上網電價(jia)形(xing)成(cheng)機(ji)制改(gai)(gai)革的指導(dao)意見》。國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)(gai)革委(wei)有關(guan)(guan)負責人就相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)情況(kuang)回(hui)答(da)了記者提問。

問：為什么要深化燃煤發電上網電價形成機制改革？

答：中(zhong)共中(zhong)央、國務院《關于推進價(jia)(jia)(jia)格機制改革的(de)若干(gan)意(yi)見(jian)》和《關于進一(yi)步深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)力(li)體制改革的(de)若干(gan)意(yi)見(jian)》明(ming)確提出，要按照“管住中(zhong)間，放開兩頭”的(de)體制架構(gou)，推進電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改革，有(you)序(xu)放開競爭(zheng)環節(jie)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，建立主(zhu)要由市(shi)場(chang)(chang)決定價(jia)(jia)(jia)格的(de)機制，這(zhe)為深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改革指明(ming)了(le)方向。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發電(dian)(dian)是(shi)保障我國電(dian)(dian)力(li)供應的(de)主(zhu)力(li)電(dian)(dian)源，平穩有(you)序(xu)放開燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發電(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改革的(de)重點任務，也是(shi)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改革的(de)關鍵。為深(shen)入貫徹落實黨中(zhong)央、國務院決策部署，迫切(qie)需要抓住時機，進一(yi)步深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發電(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形(xing)成機制改革。

深化(hua)(hua)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)是推進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)改革(ge)的必然要求。2004年(nian)，經國務院批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)，我委建立(li)了現(xian)行燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)(lian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，這一(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的建立(li)和運行，對(dui)規范政(zheng)府(fu)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)行為(wei)、促進發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)體系合(he)理形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)、激勵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業效率提升(sheng)、推動(dong)(dong)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)游產業健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)展發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮了重要作用。當前，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力體制(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)的不(bu)(bu)斷推進，現(xian)行燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)(lian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)適(shi)應形(xing)勢(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)的矛盾越來(lai)越突出。首先，難(nan)以(yi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)供求變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)。燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)于成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)因(yin)素確(que)定(ding)，難(nan)以(yi)及(ji)時、準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)地反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供求關系變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，特別是難(nan)以(yi)適(shi)應近年(nian)來(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供求相對(dui)寬松的形(xing)勢(shi)(shi)。其(qi)次(ci)，難(nan)以(yi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)。近幾(ji)年(nian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)高(gao)位運行，燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，但在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供求相對(dui)寬松的背(bei)景(jing)下(xia)，燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)難(nan)以(yi)聯(lian)(lian)動(dong)(dong)上(shang)(shang)調。第三，難(nan)以(yi)繼續(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮“定(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之錨(mao)”作用。燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是不(bu)(bu)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、環節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力定(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的“錨(mao)”，因(yin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)缺乏彈(dan)性且自身形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)完善，導致其(qi)“定(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之錨(mao)”作用明顯減弱，客觀(guan)上(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)利于水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、燃(ran)氣發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)以(yi)及(ji)跨(kua)省跨(kua)區(qu)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的合(he)理形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)。總的看，現(xian)行價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)難(nan)以(yi)繼續(xu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)有效的價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)信號，迫切(qie)需要堅持問題導向，加快推進市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)改革(ge)。

深化(hua)(hua)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電(dian)價(jia)格形(xing)(xing)成機制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)有(you)(you)利(li)于促進電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)、優化(hua)(hua)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)資源配(pei)置。近年來，我國(guo)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)不斷深化(hua)(hua)。電(dian)價(jia)改(gai)革(ge)是電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)核(he)心之一(yi)，與(yu)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場建設(she)、售電(dian)側改(gai)革(ge)、放(fang)開發(fa)用電(dian)計劃等其他專(zhuan)項(xiang)改(gai)革(ge)相互(hu)交(jiao)融、互(hu)為支撐(cheng)。深化(hua)(hua)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)價(jia)改(gai)革(ge)，構建市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)的(de)價(jia)格形(xing)(xing)成機制(zhi)，平穩有(you)(you)序(xu)放(fang)開燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)價(jia)，將有(you)(you)力(li)(li)(li)推(tui)動(dong)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)易市(shi)場建設(she)發(fa)展，加快形(xing)(xing)成能夠有(you)(you)效反映(ying)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供求變化(hua)(hua)、體現煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)功能作用的(de)價(jia)格信號。這將對協(xie)同推(tui)進電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)，促進發(fa)電(dian)行(xing)業結構調整(zheng)，優化(hua)(hua)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)資源配(pei)置，推(tui)動(dong)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)、煤(mei)(mei)炭上下游行(xing)業協(xie)調發(fa)展，保障能源供應安全發(fa)揮重要(yao)作用。

深(shen)化(hua)(hua)燃(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)形成機制(zhi)改革(ge)具(ju)備堅實基礎。當前是深(shen)化(hua)(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)改革(ge)的(de)(de)難得時(shi)機，具(ju)備諸多有利(li)條件(jian)。首先，輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)改革(ge)已實現全覆(fu)蓋，“準(zhun)許成本(ben)+合理收益”的(de)(de)定價(jia)機制(zhi)基本(ben)建(jian)(jian)立；經營性發用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃已經全面放(fang)開(kai)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)條件(jian)加快(kuai)健全。其次，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)規模不斷(duan)擴大(da)。2018年，全國市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量約2.17萬(wan)億千瓦時(shi)，比2017年增(zeng)長30.7%。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)現貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)開(kai)始建(jian)(jian)立。發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業、售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用戶等主(zhu)體的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)意識加快(kuai)形成，各類主(zhu)體參與(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)(de)意愿不斷(duan)增(zeng)強(qiang)。第三，當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供需總(zong)體相對寬松，燃(ran)煤機組(zu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利(li)用小(xiao)時(shi)數連年低(di)于設計利(li)用水(shui)平，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)明顯低(di)于燃(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)改革(ge)后燃(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)不具(ju)備上(shang)(shang)漲的(de)(de)基礎。

問：此次改革的總體思路和核心內容是什么？

答：此(ci)次改革，總體(ti)思路是貫徹落實黨中央、國務院決策部署，按照“放(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)兩(liang)頭”的要求，堅持市(shi)場(chang)化方向(xiang)，構建“基準價(jia)(jia)+上(shang)(shang)(shang)下浮動”的市(shi)場(chang)化價(jia)(jia)格(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)，平穩(wen)(wen)有序(xu)地(di)放(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)燃煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)。在方向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，強調(diao)(diao)凡(fan)是能放(fang)給(gei)市(shi)場(chang)的堅決放(fang)給(gei)市(shi)場(chang)，政(zheng)府不進行不當干預，最大程度放(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)燃煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)，為全(quan)面放(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)競爭(zheng)性(xing)環節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力價(jia)(jia)格(ge)、加快確立市(shi)場(chang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力資源配置中的決定性(xing)作用奠定堅實基礎。在方法上(shang)(shang)(shang)，強調(diao)(diao)平穩(wen)(wen)有序(xu)、分步(bu)實施，逐步(bu)擴大價(jia)(jia)格(ge)形成機(ji)制(zhi)彈性(xing)，防范簡單放(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)引發價(jia)(jia)格(ge)大幅波動，穩(wen)(wen)步(bu)實現全(quan)面放(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)燃煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)目(mu)標，確保(bao)改革平穩(wen)(wen)推進。

核心改革(ge)內容包(bao)括五個方面：

一是將(jiang)現行燃煤標(biao)(biao)桿上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制改(gai)為(wei)“基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)價(jia)+上(shang)(shang)下浮(fu)動”的市場化價(jia)格機(ji)制，基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)價(jia)按(an)各(ge)地現行燃煤發(fa)電(dian)標(biao)(biao)桿上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)價(jia)確(que)定，浮(fu)動幅度范(fan)圍為(wei)上(shang)(shang)浮(fu)不(bu)超(chao)(chao)過10%、下浮(fu)原則上(shang)(shang)不(bu)超(chao)(chao)過15%。國家(jia)發(fa)展改(gai)革(ge)委適(shi)時對基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)價(jia)和浮(fu)動范(fan)圍進(jin)行調整。

二是現執(zhi)(zhi)行標(biao)桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)網電價的燃煤發電電量中，具(ju)備(bei)市場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易條(tiao)件的，上(shang)(shang)網電價由(you)市場(chang)化方式在“基(ji)準(zhun)價+上(shang)(shang)下浮動(dong)”范圍(wei)內形成，并以年度合同(tong)為主(zhu)確定；現貨市場(chang)實際運(yun)行的地方，可按現貨市場(chang)規則執(zhi)(zhi)行；暫不具(ju)備(bei)市場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易條(tiao)件或(huo)沒有參與市場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易的工(gong)商業(ye)用戶用電對應的電量，仍按基(ji)準(zhun)價執(zhi)(zhi)行。

三是燃煤發電(dian)電(dian)量中居民、農業用(yong)戶(hu)用(yong)電(dian)對應的電(dian)量仍按基準價執(zhi)行。

四是(shi)已按市場化交易(yi)規則(ze)形成(cheng)上網電價的燃(ran)煤(mei)發電電量，繼續按現(xian)行市場化規則(ze)執行。

五是改(gai)革后，現行(xing)(xing)煤電價格聯(lian)動機(ji)制(zhi)不再執行(xing)(xing)。

問：此次改革會對電力市場發展、煤電行業發展、電力用戶等帶來哪些影響？

答：此次改革(ge)(ge)，將對電力體制(zhi)改革(ge)(ge)、電力市場發(fa)展(zhan)、行業上下游發(fa)展(zhan)和降低用(yong)戶用(yong)電成本(ben)等多個(ge)領(ling)域產生廣泛和積極的影響，可概括為(wei)“四(si)個(ge)有利于”。

一是(shi)有利于加快確立市場在(zai)電(dian)力(li)資源配(pei)置中(zhong)的(de)(de)決定性作用(yong)、更好發(fa)揮政府作用(yong)。當(dang)前，我國燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)量約占全部發(fa)電(dian)量的(de)(de)65%。此次改革將燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)標桿上網電(dian)價(jia)(jia)和(he)煤(mei)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)格聯動機(ji)制(zhi)改為(wei)“基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)+上下浮動”的(de)(de)市場化(hua)(hua)價(jia)(jia)格機(ji)制(zhi)，可(ke)以(yi)有效反(fan)映電(dian)力(li)供求變化(hua)(hua)，促進電(dian)力(li)資源進一步優化(hua)(hua)配(pei)置。

二是有利于促進電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)加(jia)快(kuai)發展(zhan)。此次(ci)改革(ge)明確執行(xing)“基準(zhun)價(jia)+上(shang)下(xia)浮動”市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化價(jia)格機制(zhi)的上(shang)網電(dian)量，具體價(jia)格由交(jiao)易(yi)雙(shuang)方(fang)通過市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化方(fang)式形(xing)成，這將顯著增大市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)主體數量、拓展(zhan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)規模，為電(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)規范發展(zhan)、售電(dian)公司加(jia)快(kuai)發展(zhan)創造巨大空間(jian)。

三是有利于(yu)煤電及上下游(you)行業平穩健康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。此(ci)次(ci)改革更加(jia)注重著眼中長期(qi)(qi)加(jia)快健全市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化價格(ge)形成(cheng)機制，通過(guo)促進電力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、輔助服(fu)務市(shi)場(chang)(chang)培育，推動煤電行業結構調(diao)整，實現(xian)高質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。同時(shi)，考慮(lv)到(dao)各(ge)地情況差異(yi)較大，明確短期(qi)(qi)內暫不(bu)具備(bei)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)交易條件(jian)的電量仍可按基準(zhun)價執行，有利于(yu)保(bao)障行業上下游(you)平穩運行。

四(si)是(shi)有利于(yu)(yu)促進降(jiang)低企業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)成本(ben)。當前，全國電(dian)(dian)力供需相對寬松。抓住時(shi)機(ji)(ji)深化(hua)改革，將(jiang)燃(ran)煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)標桿上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)和煤電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格聯(lian)動機(ji)(ji)制改為“基準價(jia)＋上下浮動”的市場化(hua)機(ji)(ji)制，且明確2020年(nian)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)暫(zan)不上浮，有利于(yu)(yu)充分發(fa)揮(hui)市場機(ji)(ji)制作用(yong)，更好(hao)發(fa)揮(hui)政(zheng)府(fu)調控(kong)作用(yong)，進一步(bu)降(jiang)低企業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)成本(ben)。

問：改革實施后，各類用戶用電成本會有什么變化？

答：簡單講(jiang)，改革后各類用(yong)戶(hu)的用(yong)電成(cheng)本將(jiang)呈(cheng)現“三不變，一(yi)降低”。

一(yi)是(shi)居民(min)、農業用(yong)戶電價(jia)(jia)水平不(bu)變(bian)，由電網企業保障供應(ying)，銷售電價(jia)(jia)繼續執行各(ge)地目錄電價(jia)(jia)，確保價(jia)(jia)格水平穩定，不(bu)會(hui)增加(jia)居民(min)、農業用(yong)電負擔。

二是已參與電力市(shi)(shi)場化交易的用戶(hu)電價水平不變，繼續按現行市(shi)(shi)場規(gui)則形(xing)成(cheng)價格。

三是(shi)不(bu)具備市(shi)場交易(yi)條(tiao)件或沒有(you)參與(yu)市(shi)場交易(yi)的(de)工商業用戶(hu)電價水(shui)平不(bu)變，可繼續(xu)執行各(ge)地目錄(lu)電價。

四是(shi)采(cai)用“基準價+上(shang)下浮動”方式(shi)參(can)與市場(chang)的用戶(hu)電(dian)價水平有所(suo)降(jiang)低。改(gai)革為現未參(can)與市場(chang)交(jiao)易的電(dian)力用戶(hu)增加了一(yi)種(zhong)選擇，且明確2020年(nian)暫不上(shang)浮，確保工商(shang)業(ye)平均電(dian)價只(zhi)降(jiang)不升。

問：現行燃煤發電的環保電價政策會有什么變化？

答：改(gai)革明確現(xian)行(xing)環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政策維持(chi)不(bu)變(bian)。執行(xing)“基準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)+上下浮(fu)動(dong)”市場化價(jia)(jia)格(ge)機(ji)制的燃煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，原(yuan)標桿上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)包含(han)的脫(tuo)硫、脫(tuo)硝(xiao)、除(chu)塵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)，基準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)仍然包含(han)。由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業保障供應的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，在執行(xing)基準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)的同時(shi)，繼續執行(xing)現(xian)行(xing)超低排(pai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政策。燃煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)完全(quan)放開由市場形成(cheng)的，上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)中(zhong)包含(han)脫(tuo)硫、脫(tuo)硝(xiao)、除(chu)塵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)和(he)超低排(pai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)，保持(chi)現(xian)行(xing)規則不(bu)變(bian)。

問：改革后，原來與燃煤發電標桿上網電價相關聯的其他電源電價政策如何銜接？

答：改革(ge)明確穩(wen)定可再生能源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)價補機制和核電(dian)(dian)(dian)、燃氣發電(dian)(dian)(dian)、跨省(sheng)跨區送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)價格形(xing)成(cheng)機制，原先參考燃煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)上網標桿電(dian)(dian)(dian)價的，改為參考基準價。

納(na)入(ru)國(guo)家(jia)補貼范圍(wei)的可再生能源(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)項目上網電(dian)(dian)價在當(dang)地(di)(di)燃煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)基(ji)準價以內(nei)的部(bu)分，由當(dang)地(di)(di)省級電(dian)(dian)網結算，高出部(bu)分按程序申請國(guo)家(jia)可再生能源(yuan)(yuan)發展基(ji)金補貼。

新投(tou)產核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組所在(zai)地燃(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)基準價高(gao)于全(quan)國核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿(gan)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價（0.43元/千(qian)瓦時）的，新投(tou)產核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價執行(xing)全(quan)國核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿(gan)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價；所在(zai)地燃(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)基準價低于0.43元/千(qian)瓦時的，新投(tou)產核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價執行(xing)所在(zai)地燃(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)基準價。

各地在核定燃氣發(fa)電(dian)(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)價時，最高電(dian)(dian)價不得(de)超過當地燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)準價0.35元/千瓦時。

送(song)、受(shou)電(dian)省(sheng)份在(zai)協商跨省(sheng)跨區送(song)電(dian)價格(ge)時，原參(can)考(kao)受(shou)電(dian)省(sheng)份燃煤發電(dian)標桿(gan)上(shang)網電(dian)價的，改為參(can)考(kao)受(shou)電(dian)省(sheng)份燃煤發電(dian)基(ji)準價。