2016年8月,習近平總書(shu)記在(zai)青(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)視察時作出“使青(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)成為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重要(yao)的(de)新(xin)型能(neng)(neng)源產業基(ji)地”的(de)重要(yao)指(zhi)(zhi)示。2021年3月在(zai)參加十三屆全國(guo)(guo)人大四次(ci)會(hui)議(yi)青(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)代表團審(shen)議(yi)時提(ti)出“打(da)造國(guo)(guo)家(jia)清潔能(neng)(neng)源產業高地”的(de)重大要(yao)求,6月在(zai)青(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)視察,聽取青(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省委省政府工作匯報時進一步(bu)指(zhi)(zhi)示,青(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)要(yao)在(zai)碳達峰方面(mian)先行先試,為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)源轉(zhuan)型、降(jiang)碳減排作出更大貢獻(xian)。總書(shu)記的(de)重要(yao)指(zhi)(zhi)示為(wei)青(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)清潔能(neng)(neng)源在(zai)全國(guo)(guo)示范發(fa)展錨定了(le)新(xin)航標(biao)。
劉同德(de)委員在接受光(guang)明日報(bao)記(ji)者(zhe)采訪時(shi)表(biao)示(shi)(shi):“青海省深入貫徹習(xi)近平(ping)總書記(ji)重要指示(shi)(shi)精神,立足青海、面向西北、服務(wu)全(quan)國,推出(chu)一系(xi)列舉措,較好地將資(zi)源(yuan)優(you)勢(shi)轉化為發展優(you)勢(shi),打(da)造了特色鮮明的新型(xing)能源(yuan)產業。”
至2021年(nian)底,青(qing)海(hai)省清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)源裝機(ji)(ji)占(zhan)比達90.83%,新(xin)能(neng)源裝機(ji)(ji)占(zhan)比61.36%。特別是(shi)集中式光(guang)伏裝機(ji)(ji)超過(guo)1500萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦,光(guang)熱裝機(ji)(ji)21萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦,全(quan)國第一;2016年(nian)以來新(xin)增電力裝機(ji)(ji)全(quan)部(bu)為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)源,全(quan)國首創。連(lian)續31日(ri)綠電實踐(jian)為(wei)全(quan)國能(neng)源轉型提供樣(yang)板,實現高(gao)比例清(qing)潔(jie)電力跨區外(wai)送(song)。
劉同德委員認(ren)為(wei),雖然青海省(sheng)在(zai)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展方面(mian)取得了積極成效,清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)高地(di)建(jian)設實現良好開篇(pian)布局,但也(ye)存在(zai)一些困難和問題。例如:開發(fa)(fa)與(yu)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)儲量不(bu)(bu)匹(pi)配。青海是能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)省(sheng)、富省(sheng),荒漠(mo)化土地(di)面(mian)積巨大(da),開發(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)條件優越。而(er)光伏、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開發(fa)(fa)量僅(jin)占可開發(fa)(fa)量的0.5%、12.6%,資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)未(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)利(li)用(yong),與(yu)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)高地(di)規模(mo)要求差距較大(da)。再例如:綠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)消(xiao)納(na)問題突出。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設與(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)進(jin)度不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)適(shi)應,調節(jie)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站規模(mo)小(xiao)且與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統調峰(feng)需求不(bu)(bu)匹(pi)配,省(sheng)內負荷增長(chang)緩慢造成就近消(xiao)納(na)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力十分(fen)(fen)有限(xian),外送(song)通道不(bu)(bu)足(zu)導致外送(song)消(xiao)納(na)無法大(da)幅增加(jia)。受上述(shu)多方面(mian)因素影響,自2021年以來青海新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)率持續(xu)偏低,已成為(wei)全(quan)國消(xiao)納(na)問題最(zui)突出的省(sheng)份之一。第三電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結構也(ye)有待優化。基(ji)礎電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和靈活(huo)性調節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力生產和消(xiao)納(na)、送(song)出在(zai)時(shi)間分(fen)(fen)布上不(bu)(bu)匹(pi)配的現象長(chang)期存在(zai),新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后續(xu)開發(fa)(fa)缺(que)乏穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)支撐。
因(yin)此劉同德委員建議(yi):一是(shi)(shi)優化國家對各省碳排(pai)放強度考核要求。碳排(pai)放強度是(shi)(shi)衡量(liang)(liang)經濟發展與碳排(pai)放量(liang)(liang)關系(xi)的重(zhong)要指(zhi)標(biao),是(shi)(shi)推動(dong)各省降(jiang)碳減排(pai)的重(zhong)要抓(zhua)手。建議(yi)在碳排(pai)放強度考核指(zhi)標(biao)中,對跨省交易電(dian)量(liang)(liang)所蘊含的碳排(pai)放分別計入(ru)購(gou)買方和輸出方(全國加總時可去除重(zhong)復計算(suan)部分),以碳排(pai)放考核機(ji)制抑制煤電(dian)等高碳電(dian)力(li)交易,提高清潔低碳電(dian)力(li)交易積極(ji)性,推動(dong)清潔電(dian)力(li)在全國范圍內規模化消(xiao)納。
二(er)是(shi)支(zhi)持青(qing)海(hai)(hai)第二(er)條特(te)高壓外送(song)通(tong)道(dao)建(jian)設。青(qing)海(hai)(hai)新能源(yuan)發展根本出路在于電力(li)外送(song),僅靠“青(qing)豫直流”一條特(te)高壓外送(song)通(tong)道(dao)不(bu)能滿足清潔能源(yuan)大規模發展需求,急需建(jian)設新的電力(li)外送(song)通(tong)道(dao)。建(jian)議(yi)國家對青(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)第二(er)條特(te)高壓外送(song)通(tong)道(dao)建(jian)設給予支(zhi)持,力(li)爭(zheng)“十四五”期(qi)間建(jian)成投運,提(ti)高綠電外送(song)能力(li)。
三是(shi)落(luo)實國務院西部大(da)開(kai)發形成新格局意見要求,在產業(ye)規(gui)劃(hua)、資金、政策等(deng)方面(mian),繼續加大(da)對青(qing)海(hai)省重大(da)項(xiang)目(mu)建設(she)的支持(chi)力度,支持(chi)符合環保、能(neng)效(xiao)等(deng)標準要求的具有較強電力消納(na)能(neng)力項(xiang)目(mu)及風(feng)機、光(guang)伏制(zhi)造等(deng)上下游產業(ye)向青(qing)海(hai)集中(zhong),提高清潔電力就地消納(na)能(neng)力。
四(si)是在政策、資金方(fang)面加大對青海省儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)產業發展的支(zhi)持(chi)力度,加快推(tui)動儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術應用(yong)。支(zhi)持(chi)青海省建(jian)設先進(jin)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)創新平臺,將青海省列為國(guo)家(jia)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)先行示范區(qu)。