8月3日,國家發展(zhan)改革(ge)委、財(cai)政(zheng)部以及國家能源(yuan)(yuan)局聯合發布《關于做好(hao)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)全(quan)(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)工作促進(jin)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)消費的通(tong)知》(下稱《通(tong)知》)。《通(tong)知》指出(chu),進(jin)一步健全(quan)(quan)完善(shan)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)(以下簡稱綠(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng))制度,明(ming)確綠(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)適用范圍,規范綠(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)核發,健全(quan)(quan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)交(jiao)易,擴大(da)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)消費,完善(shan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)應用,實現(xian)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)對可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)的全(quan)(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)。
根據(ju)《通知(zhi)》,對全(quan)國(guo)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(含分(fen)散(san)式風(feng)電(dian)(dian)和海上風(feng)電(dian)(dian))、太(tai)陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(含分(fen)布式光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)和光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian))、常規水(shui)電(dian)(dian)、生物(wu)質發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)、地熱(re)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)、海洋能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)已建檔立卡(ka)的可再生能(neng)源發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)項目所(suo)生產的全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)量核發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)綠證(zheng)(zheng),實現(xian)綠證(zheng)(zheng)核發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)全(quan)覆蓋。
其中(zhong)(zhong),對集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(含海上(shang)(shang)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))、集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)式太(tai)陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(含光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))項(xiang)目的(de)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang),核(he)(he)(he)發(fa)可(ke)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)綠(lv)證(zheng)(zheng);對分散式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、分布式光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目的(de)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang),核(he)(he)(he)發(fa)可(ke)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)綠(lv)證(zheng)(zheng);對生物(wu)質(zhi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、地熱能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、海洋(yang)能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等可(ke)再生能源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目的(de)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang),核(he)(he)(he)發(fa)可(ke)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)綠(lv)證(zheng)(zheng);對存量(liang)常(chang)規(gui)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目,暫不核(he)(he)(he)發(fa)可(ke)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)綠(lv)證(zheng)(zheng),相應的(de)綠(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)直接無償劃轉(zhuan),對2023年1月(yue)1日(含)以(yi)后新投產(chan)的(de)完全市場(chang)化常(chang)規(gui)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目,核(he)(he)(he)發(fa)可(ke)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)綠(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)。
《通知》表示,綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)是我國可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源電(dian)量環境屬性的唯(wei)一(yi)證(zheng)(zheng)明,是認(ren)定可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源電(dian)力(li)生(sheng)產、消費的唯(wei)一(yi)憑證(zheng)(zheng)。綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)作為可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源電(dian)力(li)消費憑證(zheng)(zheng),用于可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源電(dian)力(li)消費量核算、可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源電(dian)力(li)消費認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)等。其中,可(ke)(ke)(ke)交易綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)除用作可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源電(dian)力(li)消費憑證(zheng)(zheng)外(wai),還可(ke)(ke)(ke)通過(guo)參與綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)交易等方式在發電(dian)企業和用戶間有償(chang)轉(zhuan)讓。
此外(wai),綠證(zheng)依(yi)托中國綠色電力(li)證(zheng)書交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)平臺(tai),以及北京電力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中心、廣(guang)州電力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中心開展(zhan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)。現(xian)階段可交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)綠證(zheng)僅(jin)可交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)一次,采取(qu)雙(shuang)邊協商、掛牌、集中競價等方式進行。其中,雙(shuang)邊協商交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)由(you)市場主(zhu)體雙(shuang)方自主(zhu)協商綠證(zheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)量和價格(ge);掛牌交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中綠證(zheng)數(shu)(shu)量和價格(ge)信息在交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)平臺(tai)發(fa)布;集中競價交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)按需適(shi)時(shi)組織開展(zhan),按照相關規則明確交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)量和價格(ge)。
21世(shi)紀經(jing)濟報道記者查詢綠證(zheng)認(ren)購(gou)(gou)平臺發現,截(jie)至發稿(gao)時已(yi)有(you)16013名認(ren)購(gou)(gou)者,認(ren)購(gou)(gou)4175.57萬個(ge)綠證(zheng)。具體分布為,補貼綠證(zheng)數(shu)量約(yue)1070.17萬個(ge),無補貼綠證(zheng)數(shu)量約(yue)3105.39萬個(ge)。
而(er)從(cong)最(zui)近一個月的交(jiao)易(yi)情(qing)況來看,風電、光(guang)伏無(wu)補(bu)貼綠(lv)證的交(jiao)易(yi)價格均值分(fen)別為36.3元/張、41.4元/張。
事實上,今(jin)年以(yi)來(lai),政策(ce)整不斷激勵綠(lv)(lv)證、綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場(chang)擴容。今(jin)年2月份,國(guo)(guo)家發(fa)展改革委、財政部以(yi)及國(guo)(guo)家能源(yuan)局已經聯合印(yin)發(fa)《關于(yu)享受中(zhong)央政府補貼(tie)的(de)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)參(can)與(yu)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)有關事項的(de)通知》,提出(chu)要擴大綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參(can)與(yu)市(shi)場(chang)規模,在推動平價可再生(sheng)能源(yuan)項目(mu)全部參(can)與(yu)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)基(ji)礎上,穩步(bu)推進享受國(guo)(guo)家可再生(sheng)能源(yuan)補貼(tie)的(de)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)參(can)與(yu)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)。此舉則進一步(bu)明(ming)確了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網可以(yi)將保障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量加入綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、綠(lv)(lv)證市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)。
回(hui)溯歷史,自(zi)2017年(nian)(nian)我國(guo)開始核(he)發(fa)補貼綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng),并啟動自(zi)愿認(ren)購交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)市(shi)場(chang)以來(lai),2021年(nian)(nian)中,無(wu)補貼綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)進一步(bu)納入市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)。雖然綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)市(shi)場(chang)發(fa)展初期的(de)成交(jiao)(jiao)量十(shi)分低迷,但是(shi)從2022年(nian)(nian)以來(lai),綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)市(shi)場(chang)十(shi)分活躍,成交(jiao)(jiao)量增長迅(xun)速。
不過(guo),2022年通過(guo)認(ren)購(gou)綠(lv)證對應電(dian)量僅(jin)占同(tong)年全(quan)國可再生能源總發(fa)電(dian)量不足0.5%,這(zhe)也表明綠(lv)證未來的發(fa)展空間(jian)仍有(you)待提升。
興業研究團隊此前曾發(fa)文(wen)認(ren)為,“未來,建(jian)議國內綠(lv)證強化其發(fa)電量屬性證明以及消(xiao)費綠(lv)電的唯一憑證屬性,增強國際認(ren)可度(du)。綠(lv)證將同可再(zai)生能源電力(li)消(xiao)納保障(zhang)機(ji)制(zhi)和能耗雙控制(zhi)度(du)形(xing)成雙掛鉤,并建(jian)議加(jia)強協同碳市場。”
為(wei)促進認(ren)購補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)來緩解國家補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)資金壓力,該研究團(tuan)隊建議,可(ke)對不(bu)同場景中(zhong)綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)的環(huan)境(jing)價(jia)值(zhi)求同存異,嘗試(shi)探索(suo)將(jiang)補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)和平(ping)價(jia)綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)分場交易(yi),通過消納保障機制(zhi)和能耗(hao)考核機制(zhi)形成補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)的強制(zhi)交易(yi)市(shi)場,并從補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)風(feng)電綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)著手嘗試(shi),或(huo)將(jiang)成為(wei)認(ren)購補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)的新突破。