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7月8日，中國電力企業聯合會(以下簡稱“中電聯”)發布《中國電力行業年度發展報告2021》(簡稱“《報告2021》”)。

2006年(nian)以(yi)來，中電(dian)聯(lian)以(yi)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業統計與調(diao)查數據為依托，以(yi)企業和相關(guan)機構(gou)提供的資料為補充，按年(nian)度(du)組(zu)織編(bian)制并第(di)一時間發(fa)布《中國(guo)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業年(nian)度(du)發(fa)展(zhan)報告》，力(li)求全面(mian)、客(ke)觀、準確反映中國(guo)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業發(fa)展(zhan)與改(gai)革情況(kuang)①。為深入(ru)、系(xi)統、專業地展(zhan)示電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業各(ge)專業領(ling)域(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)情況(kuang)，中電(dian)聯(lian)同時組(zu)織編(bian)撰了國(guo)際合作、電(dian)力(li)工程建設質量、標準化(hua)(hua)(hua)、可靠性、人才、電(dian)力(li)供需(xu)分析、造價管理、電(dian)氣化(hua)(hua)(hua)、信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)等專業領(ling)域(yu)的年(nian)度(du)系(xi)列報告，以(yi)進(jin)一步滿足各(ge)專業領(ling)域(yu)讀者的需(xu)求。

《報(bao)告(gao)2021》顯示，2020年，電(dian)力(li)行業(ye)堅持習近平新(xin)時代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)社會(hui)主義思想為(wei)指導，全(quan)面貫徹黨(dang)的十(shi)(shi)九大和十(shi)(shi)九屆二中(zhong)(zhong)、三中(zhong)(zhong)、四中(zhong)(zhong)、五中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)精神(shen)，按照黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)決策(ce)部(bu)署，積(ji)極推進電(dian)力(li)企業(ye)疫情防(fang)(fang)控和復工復產，為(wei)全(quan)社會(hui)疫情防(fang)(fang)控和復工復產、復商復市提(ti)供堅強的電(dian)力(li)保(bao)障(zhang);積(ji)極推進構建(jian)以新(xin)能源(yuan)為(wei)主體(ti)的新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)建(jian)設，為(wei)推動(dong)實現(xian)國(guo)(guo)家碳(tan)(tan)達峰碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)和目標做出積(ji)極貢(gong)獻(xian)。

一、電力消費與生產供應

2020年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)國全(quan)(quan)社(she)會(hui)用電量75214億千(qian)(qian)瓦時②，比上年(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)3.2%，增(zeng)速比上年(nian)下(xia)降1.2個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian);全(quan)(quan)國人(ren)(ren)均用電量5331千(qian)(qian)瓦時/人(ren)(ren)，比上年(nian)增(zeng)加145千(qian)(qian)瓦時/人(ren)(ren);全(quan)(quan)國電力供需(xu)形勢總體平衡，部分(fen)(fen)地區有富余(yu)，局部地區用電高峰(feng)時段電力供應偏(pian)緊，疫情防(fang)控(kong)期(qi)間電力供應充(chong)足可靠(kao)，為(wei)全(quan)(quan)社(she)會(hui)疫情防(fang)控(kong)和(he)國民經濟發展提供堅強電力保障。

截至2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底，全(quan)國全(quan)口徑(jing)發電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量220204萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)9.6%。其中，水電(dian)(dian)37028萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)3.4%(抽水蓄能3149萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4.0%);火(huo)電(dian)(dian)124624萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4.8%(煤電(dian)(dian)107912萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)3.7%;氣電(dian)(dian)9972萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)10.5%);核電(dian)(dian)4989萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)2.4%;并網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)28165萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)34.7%;并網(wang)太陽能發電(dian)(dian)25356萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)24.1%。

2020年(nian)，全國全口徑發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量為(wei)76264億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)4.1%，增(zeng)(zeng)速比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)下(xia)降0.7個百分(fen)點(dian)。其中,水電(dian)(dian)(dian)13553億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)4.1%(抽(chou)水蓄能335億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5.0%);火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)51770億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)2.6%(煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)46296億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.7%;天然氣2525億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)8.6%);核電(dian)(dian)(dian)3662億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5.0%;并(bing)網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)4665億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)15.1%;并(bing)網(wang)太陽能發電(dian)(dian)(dian)2611億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)16.6%。

截至2020年(nian)年(nian)底(di)，初步統(tong)計全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)網220千(qian)伏(fu)及以上輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路回路長度79.4萬(wan)千(qian)米，比(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)長4.6%;全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)網220千(qian)伏(fu)及以上變(bian)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備容(rong)量45.3億千(qian)伏(fu)安(an)，比(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)長4.9%;全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力達到15615萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)網對網輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力14281萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa);跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)點對網送電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力1334萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa))。2020年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)送電(dian)(dian)量完成6474億千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)長13.3%。

二、電力投資與建設

2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，全(quan)國(guo)主要電(dian)力企業合計完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)10189億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增長(chang)22.8%。全(quan)國(guo)電(dian)源工程(cheng)建設完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)5292億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增長(chang)29.5%。其(qi)中，水(shui)電(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)1067億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增長(chang)17.9%;火(huo)電(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)568億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)27.3%;核電(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)379億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)18.0%;風(feng)電(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)2653億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增長(chang)71.0%;太陽能發電(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)625億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增長(chang)62.2%。全(quan)國(guo)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)工程(cheng)建設完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)4896億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)2.3%。其(qi)中，直(zhi)流(liu)工程(cheng)532億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增長(chang)113.4%;交流(liu)工程(cheng)4188億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)7.5%，占電(dian)網(wang)(wang)總投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的85.5%。

2020年(nian)，全(quan)國(guo)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)19144萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，比上年(nian)多投產8643萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。其中(zhong)，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)水電(dian)(dian)1313萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)抽水蓄能(neng)120萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa))，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)火電(dian)(dian)5660萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)煤電(dian)(dian)4030萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，燃氣824萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa))，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)核電(dian)(dian)112萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)并網風電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)7211萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)并網太陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)4820萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。

2020年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)年(nian)(nian)新(xin)增交流(liu)110千(qian)伏(fu)及以上輸電線路(lu)(lu)長度和變電設(she)備容(rong)量(liang)57237千(qian)米和31292萬千(qian)伏(fu)安，分別(bie)比上年(nian)(nian)下降1.2%和2.0%。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)新(xin)投產直流(liu)輸電線路(lu)(lu)4444千(qian)米，新(xin)投產換流(liu)容(rong)量(liang)5200萬千(qian)瓦(wa)。

三、電力綠色發展

截(jie)至2020年(nian)年(nian)底，全國全口徑(jing)非化石能源(yuan)發(fa)電裝機容量(liang)98566萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)增(zeng)長16.8%。2020年(nian)，非化石能源(yuan)發(fa)電量(liang)25830億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)增(zeng)長7.9%。達到(dao)超低排放限值(zhi)的煤電機組約(yue)9.5億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，約(yue)占全國煤電總裝機容量(liang)88%。全年(nian)累計完成替(ti)代電量(liang)2252.1億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)③，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)增(zeng)長9.0%，且(qie)替(ti)代電量(liang)逐年(nian)提高。

2020年，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)6000千瓦及以(yi)上火電(dian)(dian)廠供電(dian)(dian)標準煤耗304.9克/千瓦時(shi)，比上年降(jiang)低1.5克/千瓦時(shi);全(quan)(quan)國(guo)6000千瓦及以(yi)上電(dian)(dian)廠廠用電(dian)(dian)率4.65%，比上年下(xia)降(jiang)0.02個百分(fen)點;全(quan)(quan)國(guo)線(xian)損率5.60%，比上年下(xia)降(jiang)0.33個百分(fen)點。

2020年(nian)，全國電(dian)(dian)力(li)煙塵、二(er)(er)氧化(hua)(hua)硫(liu)、氮氧化(hua)(hua)物排放量分別約為(wei)15.5萬(wan)噸、78.0萬(wan)噸、87.4萬(wan)噸，分別比(bi)上年(nian)下降(jiang)15.1%、12.7%、6.3%;單位(wei)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量煙塵、二(er)(er)氧化(hua)(hua)硫(liu)、氮氧化(hua)(hua)物排放分別為(wei)0.032克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)、0.160克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)、0.179克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，分別比(bi)上年(nian)下降(jiang)0.006克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)、0.027克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)、0.016克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。

2020年，全國(guo)單(dan)位火(huo)電發(fa)電量二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)(tan)排放約832克/千(qian)瓦時，比(bi)2005年下降(jiang)20.6%;全國(guo)單(dan)位發(fa)電量二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)(tan)排放約565克/千(qian)瓦時，比(bi)2005年下降(jiang)34.1%。以2005年為基準年，從(cong)2006年到(dao)2020年，通過發(fa)展非(fei)化石(shi)能源、降(jiang)低(di)供電煤耗(hao)和線(xian)損率等措施，電力行業累計減(jian)少二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)(tan)排放約185.3億(yi)噸。其中，非(fei)化石(shi)能源發(fa)展貢獻率為62%，供電煤耗(hao)降(jiang)低(di)對電力行業二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)(tan)減(jian)排貢獻率為36%，降(jiang)低(di)線(xian)損的(de)二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)(tan)減(jian)排貢獻率為2.6%。

四、電力企業經營

根據(ju)國家統(tong)計(ji)局統(tong)計(ji)，2020年底，全國規模以(yi)上(shang)電(dian)力(li)企(qi)業資(zi)產(chan)總(zong)(zong)額(e)165813億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年增長5.8%。其中，發電(dian)企(qi)業資(zi)產(chan)總(zong)(zong)額(e)94724億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年增長4.2%;電(dian)力(li)供應企(qi)業資(zi)產(chan)總(zong)(zong)額(e)71089億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年增長7.9%。

2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)，規模(mo)(mo)以上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)總額(e)(e)(e)95971億(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長4.7%。其中(zhong)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)總額(e)(e)(e)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)升1.9%(火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)總額(e)(e)(e)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)下降(jiang)(jiang)3.4%，水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)總額(e)(e)(e)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)升4.5%);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)總額(e)(e)(e)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長10.0%。規模(mo)(mo)以上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)產負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率為(wei)57.9%，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)低0.6個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點。其中(zhong)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)產負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率為(wei)64.5%，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)低1.5個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點;電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)應企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)產負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率為(wei)49.1%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)升0.9個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)，規模(mo)(mo)以上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤總額(e)(e)(e)4010億(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長2.8%。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤總額(e)(e)(e)3523億(yi)元(yuan)，但(dan)大(da)型發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)集團煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務繼續總體虧損。風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太(tai)陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利(li)潤增(zeng)(zeng)速分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)16.3%和3.0%，但(dan)現(xian)金流短缺,導(dao)致企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)金周轉(zhuan)困難。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)應企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤總額(e)(e)(e)486億(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)下降(jiang)(jiang)49.6%;虧損企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)虧損額(e)(e)(e)為(wei)210億(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長42.7%。

五、電力市場化改革

2020年，國(guo)家(jia)制(zhi)定出(chu)臺了省級電網和區域電網第二監(jian)管周期(qi)(2020-2022年)輸配(pei)電價，公布了第五批增量配(pei)電業務改革試點，電力市場(chang)建設進一步(bu)推進。

2020年(nian)(nian)，全國(guo)各電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中心組織完(wan)成市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量④31663億千瓦(wa)時，同比(bi)增(zeng)長11.7%。其中，全國(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)電(dian)(dian)力(li)直接交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量⑤合計為(wei)24760億千瓦(wa)時，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長13.7%，占全社會(hui)用電(dian)(dian)量比(bi)重為(wei)32.9%，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)提高2.8個百分點(dian)，占電(dian)(dian)網企業售電(dian)(dian)量比(bi)重為(wei)40.2%，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)提高3.3個百分點(dian)。全國(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)化交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)規模再上(shang)新(xin)臺(tai)階。

六、電力標準化、科技與信息化

2020年，經有(you)關政府(fu)部門下達(da)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)(lian)歸口的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)計(ji)劃291項(xiang)，批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)發(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)(lian)歸口的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)共233項(xiang);中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)(lian)下達(da)團體標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)計(ji)劃304項(xiang)，發(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)團體標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)192項(xiang)。截至(zhi)2020年年底(di)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)共有(you)3600余項(xiang)。水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)(ling)域完善了水輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)產品、安裝、運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護、試驗等技(ji)術標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)(ling)域標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更加關注“新(xin)技(ji)術、新(xin)工藝、新(xin)材料、新(xin)設備(bei)(bei)、新(xin)產品”等五新(xin)技(ji)術的(de)(de)發(fa)展，核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)常規島(dao)運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護、施工驗收、設備(bei)(bei)設施、調試、測試與(yu)試驗等領(ling)(ling)域加快標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)修訂，光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)式光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站集中(zhong)運(yun)維(wei)、光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站功(gong)率控制(zhi)、光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站項(xiang)目管理等方(fang)面制(zhi)定發(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)了相(xiang)關國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)、行(xing)業(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)(lian)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網方(fang)面發(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)和制(zhi)定了配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網領(ling)(ling)域相(xiang)關標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，建立了±800千(qian)伏(fu)特高壓直(zhi)流標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車無線(xian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統系(xi)列標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)發(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)填補了我國(guo)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車無線(xian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術領(ling)(ling)域國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規范的(de)(de)空(kong)白。

2020年，主要電(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科技投(tou)入資金1113.0億元，其中，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)510.4億元，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)387.7億元，電(dian)(dian)建企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)214.9億元。主要電(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)申請國內(nei)專利63082項(xiang)(xiang)，授(shou)權37158項(xiang)(xiang)，累(lei)計(ji)有效211554項(xiang)(xiang);申請涉(she)外專利613項(xiang)(xiang)，授(shou)權268項(xiang)(xiang)，累(lei)計(ji)有效863項(xiang)(xiang)。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)技術和裝(zhuang)備(bei)不斷向高(gao)(gao)參數、大容(rong)量、高(gao)(gao)效及(ji)低(di)排(pai)放方向發(fa)展，鞏固了我國在(zai)超超臨界燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)技術、循環流化床燃燒技術、水電(dian)(dian)站建設技術、第三代(dai)核電(dian)(dian)技術、風力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)技術及(ji)裝(zhuang)備(bei)制造等方面的領先優勢。電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)領域在(zai)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)安全(quan)高(gao)(gao)效運行(xing)、互聯網(wang)(wang)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)應(ying)用融合、新(xin)能源(yuan)與(yu)儲(chu)能并網(wang)(wang)控(kong)制、電(dian)(dian)工(gong)新(xin)材料與(yu)器(qi)件、高(gao)(gao)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)等方向開展集(ji)中攻關、示范試驗和推廣應(ying)用。

2020年，電力行(xing)業(ye)(ye)加(jia)(jia)(jia)大信(xin)息化(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)投入，夯實數字化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)基(ji)礎，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)基(ji)礎數字技(ji)術(shu)平臺，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)構(gou)建(jian)數據治理體系(xi)，著力提(ti)升信(xin)息安全防護(hu)水(shui)平;加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)新型(xing)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)核心技(ji)術(shu)攻(gong)關，推進(jin)數字產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)發展;加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)制定數字化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)規(gui)劃和路(lu)線圖，協同推進(jin)數字化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)工作，著力打(da)造電力企業(ye)(ye)數字化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)示范(fan)，電力信(xin)息化(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)進(jin)入新階段。

七、電力國際合作

2020年，中國主要電(dian)力企業對(dui)外直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)投(tou)資總金額(e)78.5億美元，同比上升84.3%;對(dui)外直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)投(tou)資項目共32個，主要涉及(ji)火(huo)電(dian)、新能源、水電(dian)、輸變電(dian)、礦產資源及(ji)儲能等(deng)領域，為(wei)項目所在地直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)創(chuang)造5.9萬個就業崗位(wei)。

2020年，中(zhong)國主要(yao)電力企(qi)業年度(du)新簽合(he)同項(xiang)目(mu)131個(ge)(ge)(ge)，合(he)同金額271.7億美元，同比(bi)增長(chang)12.8%，為(wei)當地創造(zao)就業崗(gang)位(wei)3.2萬個(ge)(ge)(ge)。新簽境外(wai)工(gong)程承包項(xiang)目(mu)涉及51個(ge)(ge)(ge)國家和地區，其中(zhong)亞洲(zhou)和非洲(zhou)項(xiang)目(mu)占比(bi)最多，分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)59.5%和21.3%。

2020年(nian)，中(zhong)國主要電(dian)力企業年(nian)度出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)電(dian)力裝備(bei)總額(e)22.3億(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)降(jiang)低10.1%;其中(zhong)，設(she)備(bei)直接(jie)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)總額(e)4.2億(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)工(gong)程(cheng)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)裝備(bei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)總額(e)18.1億(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)。電(dian)力技術(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)務出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)總額(e)11.2億(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，同比(bi)(bi)減少(shao)14.5%;其中(zhong)，直接(jie)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)技術(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)務5.3億(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)工(gong)程(cheng)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)技術(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)務5.9億(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)。

截至2020年年底，中(zhong)國與俄(e)羅斯、蒙(meng)古國、越(yue)南和(he)緬甸等周邊國家跨國電(dian)(dian)力交易初步(bu)實現(xian)。初步(bu)統計，中(zhong)國與鄰國的合計完(wan)成電(dian)(dian)量(liang)交換87億千瓦時，比上年增(zeng)長(chang)1.8%。其中(zhong)，購入電(dian)(dian)量(liang)45億千瓦時，增(zeng)長(chang)1.4%;送(song)出電(dian)(dian)量(liang)42億千瓦時，增(zeng)長(chang)2.2%。

回顧“十三五”，我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)繼(ji)續保持(chi)較快增(zeng)長，綜合實力(li)(li)邁上新(xin)臺階，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)清潔低(di)碳(tan)發展(zhan)進入新(xin)階段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)科技自主創新(xin)取得(de)新(xin)成就，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)體制改革開啟新(xin)篇(pian)章，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)國(guo)際合作開創新(xin)局面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化進程達到(dao)(dao)新(xin)水平，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)高(gao)質量發展(zhan)取得(de)新(xin)進展(zhan)。全(quan)國(guo)全(quan)口徑發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容量從(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)的(de)(de)(de)15.3億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦增(zeng)加到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)的(de)(de)(de)22.0億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)增(zeng)速為7.6%;全(quan)國(guo)全(quan)口徑發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量從(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)57399億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)增(zeng)加到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)76264億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)增(zeng)速為5.8%;全(quan)社會(hui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量從(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)56933億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)增(zeng)加到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)75214億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)增(zeng)速為5.7%;非(fei)化石(shi)能源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)占比(bi)由(you)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)34.9%上升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)44.8%;非(fei)化石(shi)能源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量占比(bi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)27.3%上升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)33.9%;人(ren)(ren)均(jun)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量從(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4142千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)/人(ren)(ren)上升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)5331千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)/人(ren)(ren);電(dian)(dian)(dian)能在終端能源(yuan)消(xiao)費中占比(bi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)22.1%提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)至2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)26.4%。

展望“十四五”，在(zai)碳(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)中和(he)背景下，我國用電(dian)(dian)(dian)呈現剛性、持續(xu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行業既面臨自身(shen)達(da)峰的艱(jian)巨任務(wu)，也要支(zhi)撐全(quan)社會(hui)盡早達(da)峰，后續(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能替代(dai)潛力(li)巨大，全(quan)社會(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)程(cheng)度將穩步上升。雙循環發展新(xin)(xin)格局帶(dai)動(dong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)持續(xu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長，新(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)能轉換，傳統高耗(hao)能行業增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)下降，高新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術(shu)及裝(zhuang)備制造業和(he)現代(dai)服務(wu)業將成(cheng)為用電(dian)(dian)(dian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長的主要推動(dong)力(li)量(liang)。新(xin)(xin)型城鎮化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)將推動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需求(qiu)剛性增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長。綜合考(kao)慮(lv)節能意識和(he)能效水平提(ti)升等因(yin)素，預計2025年我國全(quan)社會(hui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)為9.5萬億(yi)千瓦時以上，“十四五”期間年均增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)超(chao)過4.8%。為保障開(kai)啟全(quan)面建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)社會(hui)主義(yi)現代(dai)化(hua)國家(jia)新(xin)(xin)征程(cheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需求(qiu)，預計2025年我國發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)為29.0億(yi)千瓦，非化(hua)石能源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)占比達(da)到52%。

注：

①報告中涉及的全國性統計指標，除特(te)殊說(shuo)明外(wai)，均未(wei)包括(kuo)香港特(te)別行(xing)政區、澳(ao)門特(te)別行(xing)政區和臺灣省數據。

②2020年(nian)電力(li)數據(ju)均來自中電聯2020年(nian)度統計數據(ju)(簡稱“年(nian)報(bao)數據(ju)”)，數據(ju)因四舍五入的原因存(cun)在總計與分項合計不等的情(qing)況，后同。

③國家電網(wang)(wang)和南方電網(wang)(wang)統計(ji)口(kou)徑。

④指(zhi)電(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中心組(zu)織(zhi)開展的(de)各(ge)品類交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)量(liang)的(de)總(zong)規模，分為省(sheng)內交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)省(sheng)間(jian)(jian)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，其(qi)中省(sheng)內交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)包(bao)括(kuo)省(sheng)內電(dian)力直(zhi)接(jie)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)、發電(dian)權(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)、抽水蓄能交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)其(qi)他交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi);省(sheng)間(jian)(jian)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)包(bao)括(kuo)省(sheng)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)力直(zhi)接(jie)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)、省(sheng)間(jian)(jian)外送交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(網對網、網對點)、發電(dian)權(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)其(qi)他交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)。以交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)結算口徑統計。

⑤指符合市場準入條件的(de)電(dian)(dian)廠和終端購電(dian)(dian)主體(ti)通過自主協商、集中(zhong)(zhong)競價等直(zhi)接交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)形(xing)式(shi)確定的(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)規模，包(bao)括省(sheng)內電(dian)(dian)力(li)直(zhi)接交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)和省(sheng)間電(dian)(dian)力(li)直(zhi)接交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(外受(shou))電(dian)(dian)量(liang)。當前僅包(bao)括中(zhong)(zhong)長期交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，以交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的(de)結算(suan)口徑統計。