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2022年1月27日，中國電力企業聯合會舉辦新聞發布會，中電聯秘書長、新聞發言人郝英杰發布《2021-2022年度全國電力供需形勢分析預測報告》，中央廣播電視總臺、經濟日報等近20家新聞媒體的記者參加發布會。

報告內容如下：

2021-2022年度(du)全國電力供需(xu)形勢分析預測(ce)報告

2021年，面對(dui)復雜(za)嚴峻的國(guo)際環境和國(guo)內疫情散(san)發(fa)(fa)等(deng)多重(zhong)考(kao)驗，在以習近平同志(zhi)為核心的黨中(zhong)(zhong)央堅強領導(dao)下，各地(di)區(qu)各部(bu)門認(ren)真(zhen)貫徹落實(shi)黨中(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)務院決(jue)策部(bu)署，堅持穩中(zhong)(zhong)求進(jin)工作總基調，科學統籌疫情防控(kong)，國(guo)民(min)經濟持續恢復發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。全年電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)消費增速實(shi)現(xian)兩位數增長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)裝機結構延續綠(lv)色低碳發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)態(tai)勢。受電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)供(gong)應(ying)緊張(zhang)等(deng)多重(zhong)因素影響，9、10月全國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)需(xu)總體偏緊，多地(di)出(chu)現(xian)有序(xu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)。國(guo)家高(gao)度重(zhong)視并出(chu)臺一系列能(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)保(bao)供(gong)措(cuo)(cuo)施。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行業認(ren)真(zhen)貫徹黨中(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)務院決(jue)策部(bu)署，落實(shi)相關(guan)部(bu)門要(yao)求，全力(li)(li)以赴保(bao)民(min)生(sheng)、保(bao)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、保(bao)供(gong)熱，采取(qu)有力(li)(li)有效措(cuo)(cuo)施提升能(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)安全穩定保(bao)障能(neng)力(li)(li)。2021年11月7日起(qi)至2021年底，全國(guo)有序(xu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)規模基本清(qing)零，僅個(ge)別(bie)省份對(dui)部(bu)分高(gao)耗能(neng)、高(gao)污染企業主動執行有序(xu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

一、2021年全國(guo)電力供需情(qing)況

（一(yi)）電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)費需求情況(kuang)

2021年(nian)(nian)，全國全社會用電(dian)量8.31萬(wan)億千(qian)瓦時，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長10.3%，用電(dian)量快速(su)增(zeng)(zeng)長主(zhu)要(yao)受國內經濟持續恢復發展(zhan)、上(shang)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)期(qi)低(di)基數、外貿出口快速(su)增(zeng)(zeng)長等因素拉動。一、二、三、四季度，全社會用電(dian)量同(tong)比(bi)分(fen)(fen)別增(zeng)(zeng)長21.2%、11.8%、7.6%和3.3%，受同(tong)期(qi)基數由低(di)走(zou)高等因素影響，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)逐季回落。2021年(nian)(nian)，全社會用電(dian)量兩年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均增(zeng)(zeng)長7.1%，各季度兩年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)7.0%、8.2%、7.1%和6.4%，總體保持平(ping)穩較快增(zeng)(zeng)長。

一(yi)(yi)是第(di)一(yi)(yi)產(chan)業用電(dian)量1023億千瓦時，同比(bi)增長16.4%，兩(liang)年平均增長14.6%。各季度第(di)一(yi)(yi)產(chan)業用電(dian)量同比(bi)分別增長26.4%、15.9%、16.4%和(he)12.4%，保持兩(liang)位數(shu)增長。國家深(shen)入推進(jin)鄉(xiang)村振興戰略，農村電(dian)網改(gai)造升級持續(xu)推進(jin)，鄉(xiang)村用電(dian)條件持續(xu)改(gai)善(shan)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)產(chan)業電(dian)氣化水平逐步提(ti)升，多重因素拉(la)動第(di)一(yi)(yi)產(chan)業用電(dian)量快速增長。

二(er)是第(di)二(er)產(chan)業用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)5.61萬億千瓦時(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長9.1%，兩(liang)年平(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長6.4%。各季(ji)度第(di)二(er)產(chan)業用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)比分別(bie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長24.1%、10.6%、5.1%和(he)1.1%，受(shou)上(shang)年同(tong)(tong)期基數逐步提高(gao)影響(xiang)，用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)逐季(ji)回落。各季(ji)度第(di)二(er)產(chan)業用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)兩(liang)年平(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)分別(bie)為7.4%、7.3%、6.1%和(he)5.4%，三、四(si)季(ji)度增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)回落受(shou)高(gao)載能行業增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)回落的影響(xiang)較大。

2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)，制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)9.9%，兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)7.2%。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，四大高載能(neng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)計用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)6.4%，兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)6.0%，均(jun)呈逐季回落態勢，四季度同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速為-1.9%。2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)，消費品制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)計用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)12.6%，兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)6.1%，低(di)于制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速1.1個百分(fen)點。2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)，其(qi)(qi)他制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)計用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)13.9%，兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)9.0%。2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)，高技術及(ji)裝備制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)計用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)15.7%，兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)9.9%，占制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)比重(zhong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比提高1.1個百分(fen)點；其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)部分(fen)新興制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高速增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，醫療儀器(qi)設(she)(she)備及(ji)器(qi)械制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)24.9%，風能(neng)原動設(she)(she)備制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)25.4%，新能(neng)源(yuan)車整車制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)46.8%，光伏設(she)(she)備及(ji)元器(qi)件制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)91.3%，反映出制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)延續轉型升級態勢。

三(san)是第三(san)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)1.42萬億千瓦(wa)時，同比增(zeng)長(chang)17.8%，兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)長(chang)9.5%。第三(san)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)速(su)(su)已基本(ben)恢復至(zhi)(zhi)疫情前的水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，但(dan)存(cun)在結構性差異。得益于(yu)電(dian)動汽車(che)的持續迅猛發展，充(chong)換電(dian)服務業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)速(su)(su)達到79.0%。各季(ji)度(du)，第三(san)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)同比分(fen)別增(zeng)長(chang)28.2%、23.6%、13.1%和9.0%；兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)速(su)(su)分(fen)別為7.9%、12.0%、9.4%和8.7%，受多(duo)地(di)疫情散發等(deng)因素(su)影(ying)響，三(san)、四季(ji)度(du)的兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)速(su)(su)有所回(hui)落。部分(fen)接觸型聚集(ji)型服務業(ye)受疫情的影(ying)響相對較大，三(san)、四季(ji)度(du)交通運輸/倉(cang)儲和郵政業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)速(su)(su)分(fen)別回(hui)落至(zhi)(zhi)6.7%和4.9%；住(zhu)宿和餐飲業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)速(su)(su)分(fen)別回(hui)落至(zhi)(zhi)6.8%和7.3%。

四是城(cheng)鄉居民生活(huo)用電(dian)量(liang)1.17萬億千瓦時，同比(bi)增長7.3%，兩年平(ping)均增長7.0%。各(ge)季(ji)度，城(cheng)鄉居民生活(huo)用電(dian)量(liang)同比(bi)分(fen)別增長4.7%、4.2%、11.3%和8.0%；兩年平(ping)均增速(su)(su)分(fen)別為(wei)3.9%、7.9%、8.0%和8.8%。一(yi)季(ji)度用電(dian)量(liang)增速(su)(su)偏低，主要受1月中旬之后氣(qi)溫偏暖因素影響；二、三、四季(ji)度，城(cheng)鄉居民生活(huo)用電(dian)量(liang)兩年平(ping)均增速(su)(su)已基本恢復至(zhi)近年來的正常增長水平(ping)。

五是全國共有19個省(sheng)份(fen)(fen)用電量(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)增速超過10%，31個省(sheng)份(fen)(fen)兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)增速均(jun)(jun)為正增長。2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)，西(xi)藏(zang)、青海(hai)、湖(hu)(hu)北用電量(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)增速分(fen)別為22.6%、15.6%和(he)15.3%；江西(xi)、四(si)川、福建、浙江、廣(guang)東(dong)、重慶、陜西(xi)、安(an)徽、海(hai)南、湖(hu)(hu)南、寧夏、江蘇、山(shan)西(xi)、上海(hai)、新疆、廣(guang)西(xi)16個省(sheng)份(fen)(fen)用電量(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)增速超過10%。2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)，西(xi)藏(zang)、四(si)川、江西(xi)用電量(liang)(liang)(liang)兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)增速分(fen)別為14.1%、11.5%和(he)10.1%；青海(hai)、山(shan)東(dong)、福建、安(an)徽、云南、新疆、廣(guang)東(dong)、廣(guang)西(xi)、浙江、陜西(xi)10個省(sheng)份(fen)(fen)兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)增速位于(yu)8%-10%。

（二）電力(li)生產供(gong)應情況

截至(zhi)2021年底，全國全口徑發電裝機容量(liang)23.8億千瓦(wa)，同比增長7.9%；全國規模以上工業企業發電量(liang)8.11萬億千瓦(wa)時，同比增長8.1%。

一(yi)是電(dian)(dian)力工程年(nian)(nian)度完(wan)成(cheng)投資(zi)再次超(chao)過1萬(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，同比增(zeng)長(chang)2.9%，新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)海上(shang)風電(dian)(dian)并(bing)網裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)1690萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。2021年(nian)(nian)，重點(dian)調(diao)查企業(ye)電(dian)(dian)力完(wan)成(cheng)投資(zi)10481億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，同比增(zeng)長(chang)2.9%。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)網完(wan)成(cheng)投資(zi)4951億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，同比增(zeng)長(chang)1.1%。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)完(wan)成(cheng)投資(zi)5530億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，同比增(zeng)長(chang)4.5%，其中(zhong)，非(fei)化石能源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)投資(zi)占電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)投資(zi)比重達(da)到88.6%。2021年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)國(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)發電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量17629萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，其中(zhong)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)非(fei)化石能源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量13809萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，占新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)發電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)總容(rong)量的(de)比重為78.3%，同比提高(gao)(gao)5.2個百分點(dian)。2021年(nian)(nian)是國(guo)家財政補(bu)貼海上(shang)風電(dian)(dian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)并(bing)網項目的(de)最后一(yi)年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)國(guo)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)并(bing)網海上(shang)風電(dian)(dian)1690萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，創歷年(nian)(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)高(gao)(gao)。

二是全(quan)口徑非化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)達(da)到(dao)11.2億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，首(shou)次超(chao)過煤電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)規(gui)模(mo)。截至(zhi)2021年底，全(quan)國全(quan)口徑火電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)13.0億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長4.1%；其(qi)中，煤電(dian)11.1億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長2.8%，占(zhan)總發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)的比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為(wei)46.7%，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)降低2.3個百分點。水電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)3.9億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長5.6%；其(qi)中，常規(gui)水電(dian)3.5億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)(neng)3639萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。核電(dian)5326萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長6.8%。風電(dian)3.3億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長16.6%；其(qi)中，陸上風電(dian)3.0億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，海上風電(dian)2639萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。太陽能(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)3.1億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長20.9%；其(qi)中，集中式光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)2.0億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，分布式光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)1.1億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)57萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。全(quan)口徑非化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)11.2億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長13.4%，占(zhan)總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為(wei)47.0%，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)提(ti)高2.3個百分點，歷史上首(shou)次超(chao)過煤電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)。

三(san)是(shi)全(quan)(quan)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)非(fei)化(hua)石能源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)12.0%，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)重為60.0%。2021年(nian)，受汛期(qi)主要(yao)流域(yu)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)偏(pian)少(shao)等(deng)因素影響(xiang)，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)規(gui)模(mo)以上工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)下降(jiang)2.5%；受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力消費快速增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)、水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)負增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)影響(xiang)，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)規(gui)模(mo)以上工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)8.4%。核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)11.3%。全(quan)(quan)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)并網(wang)太陽能發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)分別增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)25.2%和40.5%。全(quan)(quan)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)非(fei)化(hua)石能源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2.90萬億千瓦時，同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)12.0%；占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)總(zong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的比(bi)重為34.6%，同比(bi)提高0.7個(ge)百分點(dian)。全(quan)(quan)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)5.03萬億千瓦時，同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)8.6%，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)總(zong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的比(bi)重為60.0%，同比(bi)降(jiang)低(di)0.7個(ge)百分點(dian)。無(wu)論從裝機(ji)規(gui)模(mo)看還(huan)是(shi)從發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)看，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然是(shi)當(dang)前我(wo)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應(ying)的最主要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，也是(shi)保障我(wo)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力安全(quan)(quan)穩定供應(ying)的基礎電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。

四是(shi)核電(dian)(dian)、火(huo)電(dian)(dian)和風電(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備利(li)用小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)比(bi)分別提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)352、237、154小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。2021年，全(quan)國(guo)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備利(li)用小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)3817小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)60小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。其中，水電(dian)(dian)設(she)備利(li)用小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)3622小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)降低203小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。核電(dian)(dian)7802小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)352小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。并(bing)網風電(dian)(dian)2232小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)154小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。并(bing)網太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)1281小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，與(yu)上(shang)年總體持平。火(huo)電(dian)(dian)4448小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)237小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；其中，煤電(dian)(dian)4586小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)263小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；氣電(dian)(dian)2814小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)204小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。

五是跨區輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)6.2%，跨省輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)4.8%。2021年，全國完成跨區送(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)6876億(yi)千瓦時(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)6.2%，兩(liang)年平均增(zeng)長(chang)12.8%；其(qi)中，西北區域外送(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)3156億(yi)千瓦時(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)14.1%，占全國跨區送(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的45.9%。全國完成跨省送(song)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)1.60萬億(yi)千瓦時(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)4.8%，兩(liang)年平均增(zeng)長(chang)5.4%。

六是電力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易電量同比增長(chang)20.1%。2021年，全(quan)國(guo)各(ge)電力(li)(li)交(jiao)易中心累(lei)計組織(zhi)完成(cheng)市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易電量37787億(yi)千瓦時(shi)(shi)，同比增長(chang)19.3%，占全(quan)社會用電量比重為(wei)45.5%，同比提高3.3個百(bai)分點。其中，全(quan)國(guo)電力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)中長(chang)期電力(li)(li)直接(jie)交(jiao)易電量合計為(wei)30405億(yi)千瓦時(shi)(shi)，同比增長(chang)22.8%。

七是電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)供需(xu)階(jie)段性(xing)失(shi)衡，煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)創(chuang)歷史(shi)新(xin)高(gao)，煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)全(quan)面(mian)虧(kui)(kui)(kui)損(sun)(sun)(sun)。2021年(nian)，全(quan)國原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)產量(liang)同比增長(chang)4.7%。3-9月(yue)(yue)各(ge)月(yue)(yue)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)產量(liang)接近零增長(chang)或(huo)負增長(chang)，四季(ji)度原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)產量(liang)增速(su)明顯(xian)(xian)回升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)供應緊張局勢得到(dao)緩解。全(quan)年(nian)進口煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭3.2億噸，同比增長(chang)6.6%。煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭供應緊張導致電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)屢(lv)創(chuang)歷史(shi)新(xin)高(gao)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)非理(li)性(xing)上漲(zhang)，燃料成本(ben)大(da)(da)幅(fu)上漲(zhang)，煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)和熱電(dian)(dian)聯(lian)產企(qi)業(ye)持續大(da)(da)幅(fu)虧(kui)(kui)(kui)損(sun)(sun)(sun)。大(da)(da)致測算(suan)，2021年(nian)因電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上漲(zhang)導致全(quan)國煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)采購成本(ben)額外(wai)增加6000億元左右。8月(yue)(yue)以(yi)來大(da)(da)型發電(dian)(dian)集團煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)板塊整體虧(kui)(kui)(kui)損(sun)(sun)(sun)，8-11月(yue)(yue)部分集團的(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)板塊虧(kui)(kui)(kui)損(sun)(sun)(sun)面(mian)達(da)(da)到(dao)100%，全(quan)年(nian)累計虧(kui)(kui)(kui)損(sun)(sun)(sun)面(mian)達(da)(da)到(dao)80%左右。2021年(nian)底(di)的(de)電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)水平仍(reng)顯(xian)(xian)著高(gao)于(yu)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)承受(shou)能力。

（三）全(quan)國電力供(gong)需情況

2021年(nian)，全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)需形勢總體(ti)(ti)偏緊(jin)，年(nian)初、迎峰度(du)夏以及9-10月(yue)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)地區(qu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)應(ying)緊(jin)張(zhang)。1月(yue)，受(shou)寒潮天(tian)氣等(deng)因(yin)素影響，江蘇、浙江、蒙西、湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)、江西、安徽、新疆、四川等(deng)8個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)網，在(zai)(zai)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰時段電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)應(ying)緊(jin)張(zhang)，采取(qu)了有(you)序(xu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)措施。迎峰度(du)夏期(qi)間（6-8月(yue)），廣(guang)東、河南(nan)(nan)、廣(guang)西、云南(nan)(nan)、湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)、貴(gui)州(zhou)、江西、蒙西、浙江、重慶(qing)、陜西、湖(hu)北等(deng)12個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)網，在(zai)(zai)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰時段電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)應(ying)緊(jin)張(zhang)，采取(qu)了有(you)序(xu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)措施。9-10月(yue)，受(shou)電(dian)(dian)煤等(deng)燃料供(gong)應(ying)緊(jin)張(zhang)、水電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量同比(bi)減少、電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)消費需求較快增長以及部(bu)分(fen)(fen)地區(qu)加強“能耗(hao)雙控(kong)”等(deng)多重因(yin)素疊加影響，全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)需總體(ti)(ti)偏緊(jin)，共有(you)超過20個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)網采取(qu)了有(you)序(xu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)措施，個(ge)(ge)別地區(qu)少數時段出現拉閘限電(dian)(dian)。國家高(gao)度(du)重視(shi)并出臺(tai)一(yi)系(xi)列能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)保供(gong)措施，效果顯著，2021年(nian)11月(yue)7日起至2021年(nian)底，全(quan)國有(you)序(xu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)規模基本清(qing)零，僅個(ge)(ge)別省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)份對(dui)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)高(gao)耗(hao)能、高(gao)污(wu)染企業主動執行有(you)序(xu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)。

二、全國(guo)電(dian)力供(gong)需形勢預測

（一）2022年全(quan)社會用電量同比增長(chang)5%-6%

中央經濟(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)會議(yi)強調(diao)2022年(nian)經濟(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)要(yao)穩字(zi)當(dang)頭、穩中求進，各(ge)方面要(yao)積極推(tui)出有利于經濟(ji)(ji)穩定(ding)的政策，為(wei)2022年(nian)全(quan)(quan)社會用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)提(ti)供了(le)最主要(yao)支(zhi)撐。綜合(he)考慮國內外經濟(ji)(ji)形(xing)勢(shi)、電(dian)(dian)能替代等帶動電(dian)(dian)氣化水平穩步提(ti)升、上年(nian)基(ji)數前后變化等因素(su)，并(bing)結合(he)多種方法對全(quan)(quan)社會用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的預(yu)(yu)測，以及電(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)形(xing)勢(shi)分析(xi)預(yu)(yu)測專家的預(yu)(yu)判，預(yu)(yu)計2022年(nian)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)全(quan)(quan)社會用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)8.7萬(wan)億千瓦(wa)時-8.8萬(wan)億千瓦(wa)時，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)5%-6%，各(ge)季度全(quan)(quan)社會用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)速總體(ti)呈逐季上升態(tai)勢(shi)。

（二(er)）2022年底非化石能源發電裝(zhuang)機占總裝(zhuang)機比重有望首次達到50%

在新(xin)(xin)能源快速發(fa)展帶動下，預計2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)基建(jian)新(xin)(xin)增裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)規模(mo)(mo)將創歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)新(xin)(xin)高，全年(nian)(nian)(nian)基建(jian)新(xin)(xin)增發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量2.3億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)左(zuo)右，其(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)(fei)化(hua)石(shi)能源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)投產1.8億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)左(zuo)右。預計2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)全口徑發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量達(da)(da)到(dao)26億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)左(zuo)右，其(qi)中(zhong)，非(fei)(fei)化(hua)石(shi)能源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)合計達(da)(da)到(dao)13億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)左(zuo)右，將有望(wang)首次達(da)(da)到(dao)總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)規模(mo)(mo)的一半。水電(dian)(dian)4.1億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)、并網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)3.8億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)、并網(wang)太陽(yang)能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)4.0億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)、核電(dian)(dian)5557萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)、生物質發(fa)電(dian)(dian)4500萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)左(zuo)右。煤電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量11.4億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)左(zuo)右。

（三）全國電(dian)力供(gong)需(xu)總體平(ping)衡(heng)，迎峰度夏和(he)迎峰度冬期間部分區域(yu)電(dian)力供(gong)需(xu)偏緊

隨著我國消費結構及(ji)產業結構持續調整升級，負荷“冬(dong)夏(xia)(xia)”雙高(gao)峰(feng)特征逐步(bu)呈現(xian)常態(tai)化。全(quan)球疫情仍在(zai)持續，外部形勢(shi)更加(jia)復雜多(duo)變，既要保障電(dian)力(li)供(gong)應，又(you)要積極推動能(neng)源轉型。宏觀經濟、燃料(liao)供(gong)應、氣(qi)(qi)溫、降(jiang)水(shui)等多(duo)方面因素均給電(dian)力(li)供(gong)需形勢(shi)帶來較(jiao)大的不確定性。根據電(dian)力(li)需求預測(ce)，基于對氣(qi)(qi)溫、來水(shui)、電(dian)煤供(gong)應等關鍵要素的分析，并綜合考(kao)慮新投(tou)產裝(zhuang)機、跨(kua)省(sheng)跨(kua)區(qu)電(dian)力(li)交換、發電(dian)出力(li)及(ji)合理備用等，預計2022年(nian)全(quan)國電(dian)力(li)供(gong)需總體(ti)平衡(heng)，迎(ying)峰(feng)度夏(xia)(xia)、迎(ying)峰(feng)度冬(dong)期(qi)間部分區(qu)域電(dian)力(li)供(gong)需偏緊。

迎峰度夏期(qi)間(jian)，電力(li)供(gong)需(xu)總體平(ping)衡，高峰時段電力(li)供(gong)需(xu)偏緊；其中(zhong)，華(hua)(hua)(hua)北(bei)、東北(bei)、西北(bei)區域電力(li)供(gong)需(xu)基(ji)本(ben)平(ping)衡，華(hua)(hua)(hua)東、華(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)、南方區域電力(li)供(gong)需(xu)偏緊。迎峰度冬期(qi)間(jian)，電力(li)供(gong)需(xu)總體平(ping)衡，高峰時段電力(li)供(gong)需(xu)偏緊；其中(zhong)，華(hua)(hua)(hua)北(bei)、東北(bei)區域電力(li)供(gong)需(xu)基(ji)本(ben)平(ping)衡，華(hua)(hua)(hua)東、華(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)、西北(bei)、南方區域電力(li)供(gong)需(xu)偏緊。

三、有關建議

針對當前電力供需形勢、電力行(xing)業可持續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan)等方(fang)面(mian)提(ti)出有關建議如下：

（一）確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)燃料(liao)穩定供(gong)應，發(fa)揮煤電(dian)(dian)兜底作(zuo)用，保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)需平衡

一是加強能(neng)(neng)(neng)源安全(quan)監測預警。提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)電力(li)(li)燃(ran)料運(yun)行和發展趨勢(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監測能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、對(dui)潛在能(neng)(neng)(neng)源供需風險的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)判預警能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，關注重點(dian)時段重點(dian)區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供需形勢(shi)(shi)，及時發布監測預警信息，保障能(neng)(neng)(neng)源穩(wen)定(ding)運(yun)行。二是繼續增加國(guo)(guo)內(nei)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)供應(ying)(ying)總(zong)量(liang)，并形成(cheng)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)礦應(ying)(ying)急生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。堅定(ding)不移增加國(guo)(guo)內(nei)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)供應(ying)(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，加大(da)優質產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)釋放(fang)力(li)(li)度，增加煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)總(zong)供給(gei)(gei)。制(zhi)定(ding)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)礦保供與彈性生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)辦法，優先組(zu)織滿足(zu)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)礦按一定(ding)系(xi)(xi)數調(diao)增產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，形成(cheng)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)礦應(ying)(ying)急生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。加快推進(jin)(jin)(jin)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)儲備能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)建設，多措并舉擴(kuo)大(da)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)儲備規模，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)儲煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。保持(chi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)電力(li)(li)燃(ran)料政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性，通(tong)過市場手段調(diao)節進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)供應(ying)(ying)，充(chong)分發揮(hui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)電力(li)(li)燃(ran)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效作用(yong)。三是推進(jin)(jin)(jin)電煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)中(zhong)長(chang)協簽訂及履(lv)約(yue)監管(guan)工作。進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步(bu)明確煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)合(he)同(tong)采(cai)用(yong)“基準價(jia)+浮動價(jia)”價(jia)格機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本要(yao)求，規范合(he)同(tong)簽訂，不折(zhe)不扣貫徹落(luo)實國(guo)(guo)家政策(ce)。加強履(lv)約(yue)監管(guan)，明確監管(guan)范圍，所有合(he)規中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)合(he)同(tong)均應(ying)(ying)納入政府(fu)監管(guan)，且標準要(yao)求一致；將中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)履(lv)約(yue)評價(jia)納入企(qi)業(ye)(ye)信用(yong)體系(xi)(xi)，建立信用(yong)管(guan)理常態化(hua)機(ji)制(zhi)，對(dui)惡意違約(yue)、中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)合(he)同(tong)履(lv)約(yue)率(lv)過低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任方企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，實施失信聯合(he)懲(cheng)戒。四是繼續給(gei)(gei)予火電企(qi)業(ye)(ye)金(jin)融等(deng)政策(ce)支持(chi)，保障企(qi)業(ye)(ye)燃(ran)料采(cai)購資(zi)金(jin)。對(dui)符(fu)(fu)合(he)支持(chi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電、熱電等(deng)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建立快速響應(ying)(ying)機(ji)制(zhi)，開辟綠(lv)色辦貸(dai)通(tong)道，優先安排貸(dai)款審批投放(fang)；對(dui)符(fu)(fu)合(he)支持(chi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電等(deng)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和項目不違規抽(chou)貸(dai)、斷(duan)貸(dai)，維持(chi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)金(jin)鏈正常運(yun)轉，切實保障企(qi)業(ye)(ye)燃(ran)料采(cai)購資(zi)金(jin)到(dao)位，避免因資(zi)金(jin)短缺(que)而出現缺(que)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)缺(que)氣停機(ji)問題。

（二）發(fa)揮行政和市場兩種調節手段，平抑電力產業(ye)鏈波動

一(yi)是合(he)(he)理(li)確(que)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)煤中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)合(he)(he)同基準價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)。綜(zong)合(he)(he)考慮系(xi)統安(an)全(quan)(quan)及(ji)發電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)可(ke)持(chi)(chi)續穩(wen)定(ding)生產，合(he)(he)理(li)確(que)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)煤中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)合(he)(he)同基準價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)；強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)“基準價(jia)(jia)(jia)+浮(fu)動(dong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)”機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)性、嚴(yan)肅性，嚴(yan)禁各區域、各煤礦(kuang)自行創設指數(shu)和(he)(he)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)，避免(mian)多種價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)和(he)(he)捆綁搭(da)售引起的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)體(ti)系(xi)混(hun)亂。二是理(li)順市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)環境下電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形成(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)。進一(yi)步完(wan)善和(he)(he)落實煤價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)，引導(dao)煤價(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)期(qi)穩(wen)定(ding)在合(he)(he)理(li)區間。督促各地加(jia)快落實《關于進一(yi)步深(shen)化(hua)(hua)燃煤發電(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)改革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)通知》（發改價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)〔2021〕1439號(hao)）文(wen)件中(zhong)燃煤基準價(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)下浮(fu)動(dong)20%的(de)(de)(de)政策，切實有效疏導(dao)煤電(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。穩(wen)定(ding)上(shang)(shang)下游(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)，防止產業(ye)鏈波動(dong)推高終端用(yong)(yong)能成(cheng)本(ben)，控制(zhi)燃料及(ji)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)成(cheng)本(ben)在社會(hui)成(cheng)本(ben)可(ke)承受范圍之(zhi)內，促進經濟(ji)健(jian)康(kang)可(ke)持(chi)(chi)續發展。三是加(jia)快全(quan)(quan)國統一(yi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建設，完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)則體(ti)系(xi)。深(shen)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建設，加(jia)快建立(li)現貨市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、輔(fu)(fu)助服(fu)(fu)務(wu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)容量補(bu)償(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)，完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形成(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)，給予提供調頻(pin)、備用(yong)(yong)等輔(fu)(fu)助服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)煤電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組合(he)(he)理(li)補(bu)償(chang)，化(hua)(hua)解沉沒成(cheng)本(ben)，促進煤電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)可(ke)持(chi)(chi)續發展。進一(yi)步明確(que)跨省(sheng)跨區送(song)電(dian)(dian)交易價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)形成(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)。四是深(shen)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)側管(guan)(guan)理(li)，加(jia)強(qiang)有序(xu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)執行管(guan)(guan)控。推動(dong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)側管(guan)(guan)理(li)向“市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)響應”轉變，拉大峰谷(gu)分時電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)差，調動(dong)各類負荷側資源(yuan)參與系(xi)統調節，提高電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統運行效率。建立(li)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)分級有序(xu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)應急管(guan)(guan)理(li)工作機(ji)制(zhi)，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)有序(xu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)工作措施。

（三）加快推進新型電力系統建設，促進能源電力結構轉型

一是加快研發(fa)(fa)和(he)突破新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)關(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)。集中力(li)(li)量(liang)開展(zhan)(zhan)復雜大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)安全穩定運行(xing)和(he)控制(zhi)、大(da)(da)容(rong)量(liang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高效光伏(fu)、大(da)(da)容(rong)量(liang)儲能(neng)(neng)以及低成本CCUS等(deng)技(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)(xin)。二是科(ke)學有序推(tui)動(dong)大(da)(da)規(gui)模新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建設。持續(xu)(xu)優化新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)布(bu)局，因地(di)制(zhi)宜發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，在(zai)東部地(di)區建立多(duo)能(neng)(neng)互補能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系，在(zai)西(xi)部北部地(di)區加大(da)(da)風(feng)能(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)模化、集約(yue)化開發(fa)(fa)力(li)(li)度。針對(dui)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置儲能(neng)(neng)建立“統(tong)一調(diao)度、共享使用(yong)”的(de)(de)協(xie)調(diao)運行(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，最大(da)(da)程度發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)儲能(neng)(neng)促進新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納(na)、調(diao)峰調(diao)頻、功率支撐等(deng)多(duo)重(zhong)作用(yong)。三(san)是科(ke)學有序推(tui)進煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)清潔(jie)轉型(xing)，繼續(xu)(xu)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎性(xing)作用(yong)。在(zai)推(tui)進煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)改(gai)(gai)造升(sheng)級過程中，建議統(tong)籌(chou)考慮煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)節能(neng)(neng)改(gai)(gai)造、供(gong)熱改(gai)(gai)造、靈活(huo)(huo)性(xing)改(gai)(gai)造及機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)特性(xing)，對(dui)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)采用(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)耗(hao)改(gai)(gai)造基準(zhun)線，不(bu)(bu)“一刀切”。建立合理(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)疏導“三(san)改(gai)(gai)聯動(dong)”技(ji)改(gai)(gai)成本。四是加快構建大(da)(da)規(gui)模源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)荷儲友好互動(dong)系統(tong)。加大(da)(da)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)荷儲協(xie)同(tong)互動(dong)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)柔性(xing)負荷進行(xing)策略(lve)引導和(he)集中控制(zhi)，充分利(li)用(yong)用(yong)戶側資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，化解短時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)需(xu)矛盾(dun)。將新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)設備等(deng)多(duo)類(lei)型(xing)需(xu)求響應(ying)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)統(tong)籌(chou)納(na)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)運行(xing)調(diao)度，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)靈活(huo)(huo)性(xing)。

注釋：

兩(liang)年平均增長（增速）是以2019年同期值為基(ji)數，采用幾何平均方法計算。

四大高載能(neng)行業(ye)包括：化(hua)學原料和(he)(he)化(hua)學制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)、非金(jin)屬礦物(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)業(ye)、黑(hei)色金(jin)屬冶煉和(he)(he)壓(ya)延加工業(ye)、有色金(jin)屬冶煉和(he)(he)壓(ya)延加工業(ye)4個(ge)行業(ye)。

高技術及裝備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)包括：醫(yi)藥制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、金屬制(zhi)(zhi)品業(ye)(ye)、通用(yong)設(she)(she)備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、專用(yong)設(she)(she)備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、汽車制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、鐵路/船舶/航(hang)空航(hang)天和其(qi)他運輸設(she)(she)備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、電氣(qi)機(ji)械和器(qi)材制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、計算機(ji)/通信和其(qi)他電子設(she)(she)備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、儀(yi)器(qi)儀(yi)表(biao)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)9個行業(ye)(ye)。

消費品(pin)(pin)(pin)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)包(bao)括：農副食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)工業(ye)(ye)、食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、酒/飲(yin)料及精制(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、煙草制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)業(ye)(ye)、紡織(zhi)業(ye)(ye)、紡織(zhi)服裝、服飾業(ye)(ye)、皮(pi)革/毛皮(pi)/羽毛及其制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)鞋業(ye)(ye)、木材加(jia)工和(he)木/竹/藤/棕/草制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)業(ye)(ye)、家具制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、造(zao)紙和(he)紙制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)業(ye)(ye)、印刷和(he)記錄媒介復制(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)、文教(jiao)/工美(mei)/體育和(he)娛樂用品(pin)(pin)(pin)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)12個行業(ye)(ye)。

其他制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)行業(ye)(ye)為制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)用電(dian)分類的(de)31個行業(ye)(ye)中，除(chu)四大高載(zai)能行業(ye)(ye)、高技術及裝備(bei)(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、消費品(pin)行業(ye)(ye)之外的(de)其他行業(ye)(ye)，包(bao)括(kuo)：石(shi)油/煤炭及其他燃料加工業(ye)(ye)、化學纖維制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、橡膠和(he)塑料制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)業(ye)(ye)、其他制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、廢棄資源綜合利用業(ye)(ye)、金屬制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)/機械和(he)設(she)備(bei)(bei)修理業(ye)(ye)6個行業(ye)(ye)。

東部(bu)地(di)區(qu)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)北(bei)京(jing)、天津、河北(bei)、上(shang)海(hai)、江(jiang)蘇(su)、浙(zhe)江(jiang)、福建、山東、廣(guang)東、海(hai)南(nan)10個省（市）；中(zhong)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)山西(xi)(xi)、安(an)徽、江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)、河南(nan)、湖(hu)北(bei)、湖(hu)南(nan)6個省；西(xi)(xi)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)內蒙古、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)、重慶、四川、貴州、云(yun)南(nan)、西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)、甘肅、青(qing)海(hai)、寧夏、新疆12個省（市、自治(zhi)區(qu)）；東北(bei)地(di)區(qu)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)遼寧、吉(ji)林、黑龍江(jiang)3個省。