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伴隨著(zhu)雙碳目標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)政策推進，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)作為世界(jie)(jie)上最大(da)煤(mei)(mei)炭消費國(guo)(guo)，是實(shi)(shi)現全球能源轉(zhuan)型、可持(chi)續發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。到2020年(nian)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)裝機總(zong)量將(jiang)達到11億千(qian)瓦，超過所(suo)有其他國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)和。并且，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)多數燃煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)廠是在過去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)年(nian)中(zhong)投產運行的(de)(de)(de)。因此，與美(mei)國(guo)(guo)和歐盟等地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)陳舊(jiu)設(she)施相比，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)現役(yi)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)廠還有很長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命。但(dan)是，為了實(shi)(shi)現人類共同的(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou)目標(biao)，我們需要對全球所(suo)有——包括中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)在內的(de)(de)(de)——燃煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)廠進行迅(xun)速的(de)(de)(de)淘(tao)汰(tai)和深度減(jian)排。世界(jie)(jie)范(fan)圍內，燃煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)廠幾十(shi)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)平均壽命也將(jiang)成為歷史。

圖1燃煤電廠(chang)光伏風電儲能綠色發展路徑（圖片來(lai)自DLR）

煤(mei)(mei)電相關(guan)行業組(zu)織提(ti)議，在(zai)“十四五”能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)（2021–2025年(nian)）以(yi)(yi)及2035年(nian)基礎建(jian)設(she)規(gui)劃(hua)中(zhong)，提(ti)高中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)電裝機(ji)上(shang)限。國(guo)(guo)(guo)網(wang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)研究(jiu)院隸(li)屬于國(guo)(guo)(guo)有電力公用事(shi)業企業中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電網(wang)公司，預(yu)計(ji)(ji)到2030年(nian)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)12億(yi)千瓦的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)電裝機(ji)，以(yi)(yi)維持(chi)電網(wang)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電力企業聯合會是代表中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電力企業的(de)(de)行業協(xie)會，建(jian)議煤(mei)(mei)電裝機(ji)在(zai)2030年(nian)達(da)到13億(yi)千瓦的(de)(de)峰(feng)值(zhi)。隸(li)屬中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)建(jian)設(she)集團的(de)(de)電力規(gui)劃(hua)設(she)計(ji)(ji)總院，則認為煤(mei)(mei)電裝機(ji)到2035年(nian)要(yao)(yao)達(da)到14億(yi)千瓦才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿(man)足電力需(xu)求(qiu)。燃煤(mei)(mei)電廠(chang)如何能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠從灰(hui)色走向藍(lan)色最(zui)終實現(xian)綠色發展，本文根(gen)據(ju)三個階(jie)段(duan)進(jin)行探討燃煤(mei)(mei)電廠(chang)未來之(zhi)路。

圖2燃煤電廠(chang)走向綠色發展的三個(ge)階段（摘自網絡）

基(ji)于(yu)燃煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的現實發展(zhan)，目前(qian)還處在(zai)灰(hui)色(se)一維時代，以(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)本身(shen)(shen)為中心(xin)，以(yi)實現脫硫脫硝超(chao)低排放(fang)為目標，隨著(zhu)近幾年綠(lv)色(se)可再生(sheng)能源(yuan)，特(te)別(bie)是風電光(guang)伏(fu)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比(bi)例加大后，基(ji)于(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明建設需(xu)要(yao)，降低棄風棄光(guang)比(bi)例的要(yao)求。燃煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)開(kai)始悄然改(gai)變中，需(xu)要(yao)拿出(chu)(chu)渾身(shen)(shen)解數，利(li)用自身(shen)(shen)的調(diao)(diao)節(jie)能力(li)，開(kai)展(zhan)電源(yuan)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)。目前(qian)我(wo)國在(zai)運(yun)煤(mei)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)一般最小(xiao)出(chu)(chu)力(li)為45～60%，冬季(ji)供熱(re)(re)期僅能低至65～85%。純(chun)凝機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)靈(ling)活(huo)性提升主(zhu)要(yao)取(qu)決于(yu)鍋爐燃燒穩(wen)定性以(yi)及汽輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和主(zhu)要(yao)輔機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的適應性。目前(qian)國內(nei)推動試點示范項目通過(guo)靈(ling)活(huo)性改(gai)造(zao)，最小(xiao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)力(li)可低至30%～35%額定容量，部(bu)分機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)可以(yi)低至20%～25%。熱(re)(re)電聯(lian)產(chan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)靈(ling)活(huo)性提升路線主(zhu)要(yao)包括：大規模熔鹽儲能調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，熱(re)(re)水蓄(xu)熱(re)(re)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，固體電蓄(xu)熱(re)(re)鍋爐調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，電極鍋爐調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，切除低壓(ya)缸技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，余熱(re)(re)回收(shou)供熱(re)(re)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，主(zhu)、再蒸汽減溫(wen)減壓(ya)供熱(re)(re)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等。改(gai)造(zao)后，熱(re)(re)電聯(lian)產(chan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)最小(xiao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)力(li)達到40%～50%額定容量，部(bu)分“熱(re)(re)電解耦”改(gai)造(zao)最小(xiao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)力(li)可進(jin)一步(bu)降低。改(gai)造(zao)后，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)能夠達到現階段環(huan)保要(yao)求。煤(mei)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)靈(ling)活(huo)性改(gai)造(zao)在(zai)經(jing)濟上具(ju)有較好優勢。

圖3燃煤(mei)發電廠(chang)的20個子系(xi)統

目前靈活性改(gai)造(zao)單位(wei)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)調峰容量成本約在(zai)(zai)(zai)500元～1500元之(zhi)間，遠低(di)于抽(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、獨立儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)站等(deng)其它調節手段(duan)。由(you)于煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)負荷(he)運行時，煤(mei)(mei)耗(hao)增(zeng)加、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)積極消(xiao)納風、光、核(he)發電(dian)量后，綜合供電(dian)煤(mei)(mei)耗(hao)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)、社會整(zheng)體能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和環保水(shui)平(ping)提(ti)升。另(ling)外，機(ji)組(zu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)負荷(he)運行時，更(geng)大(da)規模的(de)百(bai)萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、60萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)的(de)超(chao)（超(chao)）臨界機(ji)組(zu)比60萬、30萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)亞臨界機(ji)組(zu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)更(geng)明顯，應優先考慮30萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)及以下(xia)(xia)、部分60萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)亞臨界機(ji)組(zu)進行靈活性改(gai)造(zao)，并對于此部分機(ji)組(zu)考慮延長壽命(ming)，滿足(zu)未來新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源為(wei)主(zhu)體的(de)電(dian)力系統調峰供熱需要，整(zheng)體綜合經濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益和社會效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益更(geng)好。

隨著碳達(da)峰(feng)(feng)碳中(zhong)和的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)實(shi)施，燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組也被無情的(de)(de)(de)推入(ru)藍色二維新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代，更(geng)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)內(nei)(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)力(li)跨界(jie)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)，特別是(shi)思(si)維改變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)態(tai)，重構(gou)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)定位，增加大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，從(cong)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)基礎負(fu)(fu)荷(he)轉(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)為輔助負(fu)(fu)荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)革命轉(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)。響應(ying)(ying)習總書記(ji)新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)四個革命，一個合作的(de)(de)(de)指導思(si)想(xiang)，落實(shi)滿足構(gou)建(jian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體(ti)系，實(shi)現燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升級高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，維護(hu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)態(tai)長期(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)存發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)給側(ce)與(yu)工業(ye)消費側(ce)融(rong)合創新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。逐步打(da)造(zao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)，通(tong)過采(cai)用(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調峰(feng)(feng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，十四五到(dao)2030年碳達(da)峰(feng)(feng)前，首先實(shi)現非(fei)供(gong)暖季以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)深度調峰(feng)(feng)滿足新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)為目(mu)標(biao)，融(rong)合風、光、儲(chu)、煤(mei)(mei)一體(ti)化融(rong)合發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)為中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補(bu)利用(yong)(yong)，先邁出(chu)一大(da)(da)(da)步，實(shi)現非(fei)供(gong)暖季新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)去(qu)煤(mei)(mei)化，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)調峰(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)目(mu)標(biao)，為進(jin)入(ru)全(quan)面綠(lv)色發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)做好充分的(de)(de)(de)準備。基于未來新(xin)(xin)(xin)增的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調峰(feng)(feng)供(gong)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)形式為主(zhu)，當下必須要(yao)認真(zhen)思(si)考(kao)(kao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)上燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo)大(da)(da)(da)小應(ying)(ying)該禁止(zhi)再上高(gao)參數(shu)大(da)(da)(da)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組，而(er)是(shi)應(ying)(ying)該從(cong)未來遠期(qi)考(kao)(kao)慮，重點以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)30-60萬千(qian)瓦亞(ya)臨(lin)界(jie)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組為主(zhu)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足未來火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度調峰(feng)(feng)超(chao)低負(fu)(fu)荷(he)運行綜(zong)合經濟性考(kao)(kao)慮。避(bi)免延續過去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)參數(shu)大(da)(da)(da)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組慣性思(si)維，而(er)是(shi)綜(zong)合考(kao)(kao)慮未來燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存屬性，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)靈(ling)活深調融(rong)入(ru)到(dao)大(da)(da)(da)比例新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體(ti)系中(zhong)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組內(nei)(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)力(li)，跨界(jie)新(xin)(xin)(xin)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)堅強支撐力(li)量。

圖(tu)4燃煤電(dian)廠熔鹽儲能多能互補初(chu)級階段（圖(tu)片轉自中南電(dian)力設計(ji)院）

暢想碳(tan)達峰后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，如何從(cong)(cong)延長壽命階(jie)段到永續(xu)長期與(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中(zhong)共存。勢必跨進綠色(se)三維時(shi)代(dai)，在通過(guo)(guo)(guo)非(fei)供暖季去煤(mei)(mei)化(hua)(hua)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)時(shi)期后(hou)，完全(quan)進入新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)無煤(mei)(mei)化(hua)(hua)再(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)時(shi)代(dai)，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)構建強大的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)體(ti)系，實現(xian)以新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)應用(yong)平臺。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)再(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)是(shi)指在傳(chuan)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，充分(fen)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)材料和(he)信息(xi)技術，進一步拓展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)范圍和(he)規(gui)(gui)模，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)完全(quan)替代(dai)煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)等(deng)終端化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費，推動全(quan)社會電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)水平再(zai)(zai)度躍升(sheng)(sheng)，并(bing)促進清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大規(gui)(gui)模開發(fa)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)，最終實現(xian)以清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)導(dao)、以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)高度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)社會的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。再(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)根植于(yu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)加速清潔低碳(tan)轉型(xing)、積極應對氣(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)進程(cheng)之中(zhong)，與(yu)以往(wang)傳(chuan)統工業化(hua)(hua)時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)有(you)本質區別。清潔低碳(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)，從(cong)(cong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生產環節(jie)來看，傳(chuan)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)主(zhu)要依靠煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)、天然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)等(deng)化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應，而再(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)則伴(ban)隨著(zhu)風能(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)大規(gui)(gui)模開發(fa)和(he)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)，體(ti)現(xian)為(wei)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)對化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)替代(dai)和(he)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)占一次能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費比重的(de)(de)(de)提升(sheng)(sheng)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)再(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)工廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，是(shi)以現(xian)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)綠色(se)轉型(xing)升(sheng)(sheng)級發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)，逐(zhu)步成為(wei)以新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)源(yuan)網荷(he)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)心，屬于(yu)未來創新(xin)(xin)(xin)性可再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)數(shu)字(zi)互(hu)(hu)聯網中(zhong)心，為(wei)實現(xian)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)自身永續(xu)生存的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)路徑，完全(quan)脫胎換骨為(wei)無煤(mei)(mei)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)服務中(zhong)心。未來新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)基(ji)于(yu)大規(gui)(gui)模熔鹽儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)應用(yong)，采用(yong)光熱(re)、光伏、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、熱(re)泵+X等(deng)多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互(hu)(hu)補技術，實現(xian)冷、熱(re)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三聯供的(de)(de)(de)綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)服務中(zhong)心。

圖5燃煤電廠大規模熔鹽儲能綠(lv)色(se)再電氣化新(xin)階段

熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術(shu)來(lai)源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)成(cheng)熟的光熱發電(dian)應用領(ling)域，我(wo)司通(tong)過(guo)技術(shu)創新、產(chan)業(ye)融合、產(chan)業(ye)鏈整合，開(kai)展設計適用于(yu)(yu)燃煤電(dian)廠深度調峰(feng)、工業(ye)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)供(gong)熱、清潔(jie)供(gong)暖領(ling)域新技術(shu)應用，滿足工業(ye)園(yuan)區綠(lv)色(se)制造低碳(tan)(tan)發展需要(yao)。儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)是支撐新型電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的重(zhong)要(yao)技術(shu)和(he)基礎裝備(bei)，對推動能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)綠(lv)色(se)轉型、應對極端事件、保障(zhang)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)、促進能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高(gao)質(zhi)量發展、實(shi)現碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)具有重(zhong)要(yao)意義。熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術(shu)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)由熔(rong)鹽(yan)材料、熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)罐、熔(rong)鹽(yan)泵、電(dian)加熱器、換熱器、除氧器、控制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)各種(zhong)水泵以及管(guan)道(dao)閥門等組(zu)成(cheng)。熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)采用冷(leng)熱熔(rong)鹽(yan)雙(shuang)罐設計，根據(ju)不同的運(yun)行模式，通(tong)過(guo)改(gai)變熔(rong)融鹽(yan)的流向，來(lai)決定系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是儲(chu)(chu)熱還是放熱。

燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)加(jia)速綠色(se)(se)(se)升級轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型，需(xu)要充(chong)分(fen)利用(yong)好(hao)現(xian)價(jia)段新能(neng)源(yuan)高(gao)速增長的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，充(chong)分(fen)利用(yong)好(hao)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)光伏新增儲(chu)能(neng)比例的(de)政策機遇(yu)，充(chong)分(fen)利用(yong)好(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)市場及電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)現(xian)貨(huo)交易的(de)政策轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變期(qi)，實(shi)現(xian)新業態內(nei)生(sheng)動力(li)(li)(li)和(he)跨界應用(yong)，從電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供應商逐步(bu)向(xiang)多能(neng)互補到(dao)再(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化的(de)方向(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan)。燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)一(yi)路(lu)能(neng)夠伴(ban)隨著新能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)快速發(fa)展(zhan)，從電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體系的(de)主導者逐步(bu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變為(wei)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)者，到(dao)未來(lai)的(de)服務(wu)者的(de)不同(tong)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)角色(se)(se)(se)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變。大(da)規模(mo)熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)能(neng)技術充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)自身的(de)高(gao)安全、大(da)容量(liang)、低成本、易回(hui)收諸多優勢(shi)，助(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)從灰色(se)(se)(se)踏(ta)入藍色(se)(se)(se)，奔向(xiang)綠色(se)(se)(se)新業態發(fa)展(zhan)提供規模(mo)化儲(chu)能(neng)支撐，共同(tong)為(wei)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)實(shi)現(xian)深度(du)調峰(feng)和(he)機組(zu)延壽貢(gong)獻力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)。

山西常晟(sheng)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源科技(ji)(ji)充分利(li)用(yong)(yong)在光熱發(fa)電領域大(da)規模熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術優勢(shi)(shi)，通過內(nei)生(sheng)動力(li)和跨界應用(yong)(yong)的(de)創新(xin)思維，在原(yuan)有(you)熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)核(he)心(xin)材料生(sheng)產制造優勢(shi)(shi)基礎上，聯合國內(nei)外熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術專家(jia)團(tuan)隊，開發(fa)具有(you)獨(du)立(li)自主知識產權(quan)的(de)新(xin)型熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術優勢(shi)(shi)，攻(gong)克熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)化(hua)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)、防凝、儲(chu)存(cun)諸多(duo)技(ji)(ji)術難(nan)題，采用(yong)(yong)增設新(xin)型熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)系統、防凝、儲(chu)存(cun)技(ji)(ji)術等多(duo)重(zhong)創新(xin)優化(hua)，實(shi)現熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術在燃煤機組深度調峰，工業蒸汽應用(yong)(yong)領域的(de)核(he)心(xin)優勢(shi)(shi)。

注：本文由山西常晟新能源科技王工（13810518839）供稿，愿攜手大家一起推動燃煤電廠的深度調峰與機組延壽的項目合作推動。