无码日韩精品一区二区免费暖暖,久久精品国产精品亚洲,开心播播网,女人床技48动态图,国产精品无码免费专区午夜

10月12日，國家發(fa)(fa)改委(wei)發(fa)(fa)布《國家發(fa)(fa)展改革委(wei)關于進(jin)一步(bu)深化燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)市場化改革的(de)(de)通知》。通知稱，有序放開全部燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)。燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量原(yuan)則上(shang)(shang)全部進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場，通過市場交易在(zai)“基準(zhun)價(jia)+上(shang)(shang)下浮動(dong)”范圍(wei)內形成(cheng)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)。現行燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基準(zhun)價(jia)繼(ji)續作為新能源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等價(jia)格形成(cheng)的(de)(de)掛鉤基準(zhun)。

擴大市場(chang)交易電(dian)價上(shang)下浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)范(fan)圍。將(jiang)燃(ran)煤發電(dian)市場(chang)交易價格浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)范(fan)圍由(you)現(xian)行的上(shang)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)不超過(guo)(guo)10%、下浮(fu)(fu)(fu)原則(ze)上(shang)不超過(guo)(guo)15%，擴大為上(shang)下浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)原則(ze)上(shang)均(jun)不超過(guo)(guo)20%，高耗能企業市場(chang)交易電(dian)價不受上(shang)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)20%限(xian)制(zhi)。電(dian)力現(xian)貨價格不受上(shang)述(shu)幅(fu)度限(xian)制(zhi)。

推(tui)動(dong)工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶都進入(ru)市(shi)場。各(ge)地要(yao)有(you)序推(tui)動(dong)工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶全部進入(ru)電(dian)力市(shi)場，按照(zhao)市(shi)場價(jia)(jia)格(ge)購(gou)電(dian)，取消(xiao)工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)目錄銷售電(dian)價(jia)(jia)。目前尚未進入(ru)市(shi)場的(de)用(yong)(yong)戶，10千(qian)伏及以上的(de)用(yong)(yong)戶要(yao)全部進入(ru)，其他(ta)用(yong)(yong)戶也要(yao)盡快(kuai)進入(ru)。對暫未直(zhi)接從(cong)電(dian)力市(shi)場購(gou)電(dian)的(de)用(yong)(yong)戶由電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)代理購(gou)電(dian)，代理購(gou)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)主要(yao)通過場內集中(zhong)競價(jia)(jia)或競爭性招標(biao)方(fang)式形成，首次(ci)向代理用(yong)(yong)戶售電(dian)時，至少提前1個(ge)月通知用(yong)(yong)戶。已參(can)與市(shi)場交(jiao)易、改為電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)代理購(gou)電(dian)的(de)用(yong)(yong)戶，其價(jia)(jia)格(ge)按電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)代理其他(ta)用(yong)(yong)戶購(gou)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)1.5倍執行(xing)。

鼓勵地方對小微企業和(he)個(ge)體工商戶用電實行階段性(xing)優惠政策。

以下為通知全文：

國家發展改革委關于進一(yi)步深化(hua)燃煤(mei)發電上網電價市(shi)場化(hua)改革的通知

發改價(jia)格〔2021〕1439號(hao)

各省、自(zi)治區、直轄市及計劃(hua)單列市、新疆生產建設兵團(tuan)發展改革委，華能(neng)集(ji)團(tuan)、大唐集(ji)團(tuan)、華電集(ji)團(tuan)、國(guo)家(jia)電投集(ji)團(tuan)、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源集(ji)團(tuan)、國(guo)投電力有限(xian)公(gong)司，國(guo)家(jia)電網(wang)有限(xian)公(gong)司、南(nan)方電網(wang)有限(xian)責(ze)任(ren)公(gong)司、內蒙古電力（集(ji)團(tuan)）有限(xian)責(ze)任(ren)公(gong)司：

為(wei)貫徹落實黨中(zhong)央、國務(wu)院決策部署，加快推進電價(jia)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)改(gai)革，完善主(zhu)要由市(shi)場(chang)(chang)決定電價(jia)的(de)機制，保障電力安全穩定供(gong)應，現就(jiu)進一步深(shen)化(hua)燃(ran)煤發(fa)電上網電價(jia)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)改(gai)革及有(you)關事宜通(tong)知(zhi)如下：

一、總體思路

按照電(dian)(dian)力(li)體(ti)制改(gai)革“管(guan)住中(zhong)間、放開兩頭”總(zong)體(ti)要求，有序(xu)放開全(quan)部(bu)燃煤發電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)，擴大市場(chang)交易電(dian)(dian)價(jia)上(shang)下浮動范圍，推動工商業(ye)用(yong)戶都進入市場(chang)，取消工商業(ye)目(mu)錄銷售電(dian)(dian)價(jia)，保(bao)持(chi)居(ju)民(min)、農業(ye)、公益性事業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格穩定，充分發揮市場(chang)在資(zi)源配置中(zhong)的決定性作用(yong)、更好發揮政(zheng)府作用(yong)，保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)力(li)安全(quan)穩定供(gong)應，促進產業(ye)結構(gou)優化(hua)升級，推動構(gou)建新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統，助力(li)碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和目(mu)標實現。

二、改革內容

（一）有序(xu)放開全部燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)。燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)原(yuan)則上(shang)全部進入電(dian)(dian)力市場，通過(guo)市場交易在“基準價(jia)(jia)+上(shang)下浮動”范圍內(nei)形成上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)。現行燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)基準價(jia)(jia)繼續(xu)作為新能源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)等價(jia)(jia)格形成的掛鉤基準。

（二）擴大市場(chang)交(jiao)易電(dian)價上(shang)(shang)(shang)下浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)范(fan)圍。將(jiang)燃煤發電(dian)市場(chang)交(jiao)易價格(ge)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)范(fan)圍由現(xian)行的(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)浮(fu)(fu)不(bu)超過10%、下浮(fu)(fu)原則(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)超過15%，擴大為上(shang)(shang)(shang)下浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)原則(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)均不(bu)超過20%，高耗能企業市場(chang)交(jiao)易電(dian)價不(bu)受上(shang)(shang)(shang)浮(fu)(fu)20%限(xian)制(zhi)。電(dian)力現(xian)貨價格(ge)不(bu)受上(shang)(shang)(shang)述幅度限(xian)制(zhi)。

（三）推動工(gong)商業用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)都(dou)進(jin)入市場(chang)(chang)。各地要(yao)有序推動工(gong)商業用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)全部進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)(chang)，按照(zhao)市場(chang)(chang)價格(ge)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)，取消工(gong)商業目錄(lu)銷售電(dian)(dian)價。目前(qian)尚(shang)未進(jin)入市場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)，10千伏及以上的(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)要(yao)全部進(jin)入，其(qi)他用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)也(ye)要(yao)盡(jin)快進(jin)入。對暫未直(zhi)接從電(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)(chang)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)由電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業代(dai)(dai)理購(gou)電(dian)(dian)，代(dai)(dai)理購(gou)電(dian)(dian)價格(ge)主要(yao)通(tong)過場(chang)(chang)內集中競價或競爭性(xing)招標方式形成，首次向代(dai)(dai)理用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)售電(dian)(dian)時，至少提(ti)前(qian)1個月通(tong)知用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)。已參(can)與市場(chang)(chang)交易、改為電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業代(dai)(dai)理購(gou)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)，其(qi)價格(ge)按電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業代(dai)(dai)理其(qi)他用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)價格(ge)的(de)(de)1.5倍執行。

鼓勵(li)地方(fang)對小微企業和個體工商戶用(yong)電(dian)實(shi)行階段性優惠(hui)政策。

（四）保(bao)(bao)持居民(min)、農(nong)業用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格穩定。居民(min)（含執行居民(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的學校、社會福(fu)利機構、社區服務中(zhong)心(xin)等(deng)公益性事業用(yong)(yong)戶）、農(nong)業用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業保(bao)(bao)障供應，執行現行目錄銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策。各(ge)地(di)要優先將(jiang)低價(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源用(yong)(yong)于保(bao)(bao)障居民(min)、農(nong)業用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

三、保障措施

（一(yi)）全面推(tui)進(jin)電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場建(jian)設(she)。加(jia)強(qiang)政(zheng)策協同，適(shi)應工商業用戶全部(bu)進(jin)入電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場需要，進(jin)一(yi)步放開各類電(dian)源發電(dian)計劃；健全電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場體(ti)(ti)系，加(jia)快(kuai)培育合格售電(dian)主體(ti)(ti)，豐富中(zhong)長期交易品種，加(jia)快(kuai)電(dian)力(li)現貨(huo)市(shi)場建(jian)設(she)，加(jia)強(qiang)輔(fu)助服務市(shi)場建(jian)設(she)，探索建(jian)立(li)市(shi)場化容量補償(chang)機制。

（二）加強與分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價政策(ce)銜接。各(ge)地(di)要加快落實分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價政策(ce)，建立尖峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制，引導用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶錯峰(feng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、削峰(feng)填(tian)谷。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力現貨(huo)市場(chang)未(wei)運(yun)行的地(di)方，要做好市場(chang)交易與分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價政策(ce)的銜接，市場(chang)交易合同未(wei)申報用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)以(yi)及市場(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價峰(feng)谷比例(li)(li)低于當(dang)地(di)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價政策(ce)要求的，結(jie)算時(shi)(shi)(shi)購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價格(ge)按當(dang)地(di)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價峰(feng)谷時(shi)(shi)(shi)段及浮(fu)動(dong)比例(li)(li)執行。

（三(san)）避免不(bu)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)行(xing)政干(gan)預(yu)。各(ge)地要嚴格(ge)按(an)照國家(jia)相關政策要求(qiu)推進(jin)電(dian)力市場(chang)建設(she)(she)、制定(ding)并不(bu)斷完善市場(chang)交(jiao)易規則，對(dui)電(dian)力用戶和發電(dian)企業進(jin)入電(dian)力市場(chang)不(bu)得(de)(de)設(she)(she)置不(bu)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)門檻，不(bu)得(de)(de)組織開展(zhan)電(dian)力專場(chang)交(jiao)易，對(dui)市場(chang)交(jiao)易電(dian)價在規定(ding)范圍內的合(he)(he)理(li)(li)浮動(dong)不(bu)得(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)干(gan)預(yu)，保障市場(chang)交(jiao)易公平、公正、公開。國家(jia)發展(zhan)改革委將會同相關部門進(jin)一步加強指導，對(dui)地方不(bu)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)行(xing)政干(gan)預(yu)行(xing)為(wei)，通(tong)過約談、通(tong)報(bao)等方式及時督促整改。

（四）加(jia)強煤(mei)電(dian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)監(jian)管。各地(di)發(fa)展(zhan)改革部(bu)門要密切關(guan)注煤(mei)炭(tan)、電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)動態和價(jia)(jia)(jia)格變(bian)化(hua)，積(ji)極會同(tong)相(xiang)關(guan)部(bu)門及時查處市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)主體價(jia)(jia)(jia)格串通、哄抬價(jia)(jia)(jia)格、實施(shi)壟斷協議、濫用市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)支配地(di)位等(deng)行為(wei)，電(dian)力(li)企業、交易(yi)機構參與(yu)電(dian)力(li)專場(chang)(chang)(chang)交易(yi)和結(jie)算電(dian)費等(deng)行為(wei)，以及地(di)方(fang)政府(fu)濫用行政權力(li)排除、限制市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)競爭等(deng)行為(wei)，對(dui)典(dian)型(xing)案(an)例(li)公開曝光，維護良好市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)秩序。指導發(fa)電(dian)企業特(te)別(bie)是(shi)煤(mei)電(dian)聯營企業統(tong)籌考(kao)慮上下游(you)業務經(jing)營效益，合理(li)參與(yu)電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)，促(cu)進市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交易(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格合理(li)形成。

各地(di)發展改革部門要(yao)充分認識當前形勢(shi)下進一步(bu)深化(hua)燃煤發電(dian)上網電(dian)價市場化(hua)改革的(de)重要(yao)意義，統一思(si)想、明(ming)確責任，會同(tong)相關(guan)部門和(he)電(dian)力企業精(jing)心做好組織實(shi)施工作；要(yao)加(jia)強政策宣傳解讀，及時(shi)回應社會關(guan)切(qie)，增進各方面理解和(he)支持，確保(bao)改革平穩出臺、落地(di)見效(xiao)。

本通知(zhi)自(zi)2021年10月(yue)15日起實施，現行(xing)政策與本通知(zhi)不符的，以本通知(zhi)規定為準。

國家發展改革委

2021年10月11日

專家解讀

保障供需安全，促進(jin)市(shi)場發(fa)展

——《關于進一(yi)步(bu)深化燃煤發電上網電價市場化改革的(de)通(tong)知》政策(ce)解(jie)讀

文丨李成仁

“碳達(da)峰、碳中(zhong)(zhong)和”目標提出后(hou)，電力供(gong)給結構、供(gong)需形勢將(jiang)發(fa)生顯(xian)著變化(hua)，需進(jin)一(yi)步發(fa)揮市場(chang)在電力資源優化(hua)配置中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)作用。國家發(fa)改(gai)委(wei)近日(ri)印發(fa)了(le)《關于進(jin)一(yi)步深化(hua)燃(ran)煤發(fa)電上網電價市場(chang)化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)通知》（以下簡稱《通知》），進(jin)一(yi)步推進(jin)了(le)電力市場(chang)化(hua)建設，是改(gai)革(ge)進(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)又一(yi)重大突破。

《通(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》提(ti)出(chu)全面(mian)放(fang)開燃煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)和工商業(ye)(ye)目(mu)錄銷售電(dian)(dian)價(jia)，并(bing)對煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)、用戶銷售電(dian)(dian)價(jia)、電(dian)(dian)網代理購電(dian)(dian)等(deng)機制進(jin)(jin)(jin)行了調(diao)整及明確，更為(wei)(wei)客觀、科學、系統(tong)的指導新形(xing)勢下電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場改革的方(fang)向。短期來(lai)看，《通(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》提(ti)出(chu)了通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場緩解現階段煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格矛盾、保障電(dian)(dian)力(li)供應安(an)全的解決措施。長(chang)期來(lai)看，《通(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》對推進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場化建(jian)設、明確電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)(ye)責任、保障居民農業(ye)(ye)用電(dian)(dian)安(an)全等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步予以(yi)明確，并(bing)提(ti)出(chu)了具體(ti)舉措。具體(ti)來(lai)說，《通(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)》可以(yi)總結為(wei)(wei)對以(yi)下四個方(fang)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行了優(you)化調(diao)整。

一(yi)、加大煤電(dian)價格(ge)浮動力(li)度，解決短期煤電(dian)價格(ge)矛盾，保障今(jin)冬明春電(dian)力(li)供應

通過(guo)市場機(ji)制確保(bao)發電(dian)企業“有(you)錢(qian)買煤(mei)”以及(ji)持續健(jian)康發展，全力(li)保(bao)障(zhang)今冬明(ming)春的電(dian)力(li)安全穩定供應。

今年1-8月(yue)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭供需(xu)持續趨緊(jin)，煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭供給量(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)加4.4%，而全國(guo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭消費量(liang)增(zeng)加了11%，形成了較大(da)(da)的煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭供需(xu)缺口(kou)，導致價(jia)格(ge)大(da)(da)幅上漲(zhang)。1-8月(yue)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭長協和(he)現貨(huo)加權平均價(jia)格(ge)同比(bi)上漲(zhang)約20%，9月(yue)份(fen)以來煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭現貨(huo)價(jia)格(ge)已上漲(zhang)至1200元以上，燃煤(mei)(mei)(mei)發電企業(ye)“買不(bu)到煤(mei)(mei)(mei)”、“買不(bu)起(qi)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)”矛(mao)盾凸顯，從(cong)而導致煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電企業(ye)缺煤(mei)(mei)(mei)停機并引發部分地區限(xian)電，對(dui)經濟社會(hui)發展帶來了較大(da)(da)影響。

近期，隨著供(gong)(gong)需形勢變化，多個地(di)區燃煤發(fa)電市場交易價(jia)格已在“基準價(jia)+上浮(fu)10%”的(de)范圍內上漲。《通知》中明確擴(kuo)大了煤電價(jia)格浮(fu)動范圍至正負20%，基準價(jia)浮(fu)動比例能夠覆蓋目前煤炭長協與現貨價(jia)格綜合漲幅，有利于進一步緩解(jie)煤電企業經營(ying)困難，確保發(fa)電企業持續健(jian)康(kang)發(fa)展，全力(li)保障今年迎峰(feng)度冬(dong)期間的(de)電力(li)安全穩定供(gong)(gong)應。

二、大(da)力推(tui)進電(dian)力市場(chang)建設，化解長期(qi)煤(mei)電(dian)價格(ge)矛盾，促(cu)進電(dian)力市場(chang)有序發(fa)展(zhan)

通過推動(dong)煤電、工商業用戶全部進入市(shi)場，進一步擴大市(shi)場范(fan)圍，從而(er)建立起順暢(chang)且閉環的價格傳(chuan)導(dao)機制。

對煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)而言，2020年我國煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)發(fa)電(dian)量占比60.7%，煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化電(dian)量占煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)總(zong)發(fa)電(dian)量70%左(zuo)右(you)。通過推動(dong)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)全部(bu)進入市(shi)(shi)場(chang)一方面解決了煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)成本長期(qi)有效回(hui)收的問題，同時也推動(dong)了電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化進程，標志著電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化改革進入新階段。

對工(gong)商(shang)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)而(er)言，為促(cu)使工(gong)商(shang)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)進入(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，使其(qi)共(gong)享(xiang)改革紅(hong)利(li)、共(gong)擔市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)風險，《通知》要求有序推(tui)動工(gong)商(shang)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)全部進入(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，取消工(gong)商(shang)業目錄銷售電價，能夠利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)價格信號引導用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)提(ti)高用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能效(xiao)率和優化用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能習慣。同時，推(tui)進工(gong)商(shang)業全部進入(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)有助(zhu)于電力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)供需兩端規模(mo)對等(deng)，形成有效(xiao)的競爭(zheng)性市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。也體現了我國(guo)電力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化發展“分類(lei)施(shi)策、有序推(tui)進”的解決思路。

三、銜接電力(li)市場價(jia)格機(ji)制，多措(cuo)并舉穩定居(ju)民、農業用電價(jia)格，保障居(ju)民農業用電安全

對居民(min)(min)(min)、農(nong)(nong)業用(yong)(yong)戶而言，短期內不適宜進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場參與交(jiao)易，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)繼續執行現(xian)行目錄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政(zheng)策。為堅決保障居民(min)(min)(min)、農(nong)(nong)業用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)，文件要求由(you)低價(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優先提供(gong)居民(min)(min)(min)、農(nong)(nong)業用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。該舉措立足我(wo)國國情，穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)了我(wo)國居民(min)(min)(min)農(nong)(nong)業交(jiao)叉補(bu)貼來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，為建設具(ju)有中國特(te)色的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場奠定(ding)(ding)良好(hao)基礎(chu)。

四、規范電網企(qi)業(ye)代理購電方式，明確(que)電網企(qi)業(ye)責(ze)任

目(mu)前，我(wo)國已完成兩輪(lun)輸(shu)配(pei)電價改革工(gong)作，對電網企業實(shi)施嚴格的(de)輸(shu)配(pei)電價監管。工(gong)商業目(mu)錄銷售電價取(qu)消(xiao)且(qie)全部進入市場后，電網企業責任分工(gong)將更(geng)加(jia)明(ming)確，電網收(shou)入構(gou)成更(geng)加(jia)清晰，工(gong)商業用電價格結構(gou)也將更(geng)加(jia)透明(ming)。

另一方面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)社會責(ze)任也更加凸顯。《通知(zhi)》允許電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)扮演類似“保底(di)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公司”的角色參(can)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)，代理居(ju)民、農業(ye)和未直(zhi)接從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)買(mai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的工商業(ye)用(yong)戶(hu)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)完整的市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)邏輯閉環(huan)，保證(zheng)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)所有(you)用(yong)戶(hu)“有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可買(mai)、有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可用(yong)”。

注：作者系國網能源研究院財會與審計研究所所長。

國家發展改革委新聞發布會就進一步深化燃煤發電上網電價市場化改革有關情況的介紹：

國家發展改革委價格司司長萬勁松先生：按照電力體(ti)(ti)制改革(ge)“管住中(zhong)(zhong)間、放(fang)(fang)開兩(liang)頭”總(zong)體(ti)(ti)要求，此次改革(ge)，在“放(fang)(fang)開兩(liang)頭”方(fang)面均取得重(zhong)要進(jin)展(zhan)，集中(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)(ti)現為兩(liang)個(ge)“有序放(fang)(fang)開”。

在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側，有序放開(kai)全部(bu)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)。我國燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)占比高(gao)，燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形(xing)成中發(fa)揮著“錨”的(de)作用(yong)。目前(qian)，已經(jing)有約(yue)70%的(de)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)通(tong)過參(can)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場形(xing)成上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)。此次改革，明確(que)推動其余30%的(de)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)全部(bu)進入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場，這樣將進一步帶(dai)動其他類別電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)進入(ru)(ru)市場，為全面(mian)放開(kai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)奠定(ding)堅(jian)實基(ji)礎。

在用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側，有序放(fang)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價格。目(mu)前(qian)，大約(yue)44%的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量已通(tong)過參與市場(chang)形成用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價格。此次改革，明確(que)提(ti)出有序推動工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)都進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)，按照(zhao)市場(chang)價格購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，取消工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)目(mu)錄(lu)銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價。尚未(wei)進入市場(chang)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)中，10千伏及(ji)以上的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量大、市場(chang)化條(tiao)件好，全(quan)部進入市場(chang)；其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)也(ye)要盡快進入。屆時(shi)，目(mu)錄(lu)銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價只保留居(ju)民、農業(ye)類別，基本實現“能(neng)放(fang)盡放(fang)”。同時(shi)，我們明確(que)對暫(zan)未(wei)直(zhi)接從電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)代理(li)(li)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，代理(li)(li)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價格通(tong)過市場(chang)化方式形成；要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)首次向(xiang)代理(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，至少提(ti)前(qian)1個(ge)月(yue)通(tong)知用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)，確(que)保改革平穩過渡。

這次改革(ge)確(que)實是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)改革(ge)又邁(mai)出的重(zhong)要一步，核心是真(zhen)正(zheng)建立起了“能跌能漲”的市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)。從當前看，改革(ge)有(you)利于進一步理順“煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)”關(guan)系，保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)安全穩定供應(ying)；從長(chang)遠(yuan)看，將(jiang)(jiang)加快推(tui)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)中長(chang)期交易、現(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)場和輔助服務市(shi)(shi)場建設發展，促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)行業高質量發展，支(zhi)撐新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)建設，服務能源綠色(se)低碳轉型，并將(jiang)(jiang)對加快推(tui)動發用電(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃改革(ge)、售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側體制(zhi)改革(ge)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)其他(ta)改革(ge)發揮重(zhong)要作(zuo)用。

堅決(jue)遏制(zhi)“兩高(gao)(gao)”項(xiang)目(mu)盲目(mu)發(fa)展(zhan)是實現高(gao)(gao)質量發(fa)展(zhan)的內在要求。高(gao)(gao)耗能行業無序發(fa)展(zhan)，會(hui)增加(jia)電(dian)力(li)保供壓力(li)，不(bu)利(li)于綠色低碳轉型(xing)發(fa)展(zhan)。

這(zhe)次改(gai)革，我們明確高(gao)(gao)(gao)耗能企業市場交易電(dian)(dian)(dian)價不受上浮20%的幅度限制，有(you)利于(yu)引導(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)耗能企業市場交易電(dian)(dian)(dian)價多上浮一些，這(zhe)樣可以更(geng)加(jia)充分(fen)地傳導(dao)(dao)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本上升壓力，抑制不合(he)理的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力消費、改(gai)善電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)求狀(zhuang)況；也有(you)利于(yu)促進高(gao)(gao)(gao)耗能企業加(jia)大技(ji)術改(gai)造投(tou)入、提高(gao)(gao)(gao)能源利用效率，推動(dong)產業結構轉型升級。

價格司副司長、一級巡視員彭紹宗：目前，關于燃(ran)煤發電(dian)，已經有70%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)參與了電(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)，按照“基準價(jia)+上(shang)(shang)下(xia)浮動”的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)化價(jia)格機制，通過市(shi)場(chang)交易(yi)，在上(shang)(shang)浮不超(chao)過10%、下(xia)浮原則上(shang)(shang)不超(chao)過15%的(de)(de)(de)浮動幅(fu)度(du)范圍內形成(cheng)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)價(jia)。近期煤炭價(jia)格明顯上(shang)(shang)漲后(hou)，一些地方(fang)電(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)煤發電(dian)交易(yi)電(dian)價(jia)已實(shi)現上(shang)(shang)浮，對緩(huan)解燃(ran)煤發電(dian)企業經營困難發揮了積(ji)極作用(yong)。

此次改革明確，有序推動全部燃煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量進入(ru)市場(chang)形成市場(chang)交易電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，將上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)浮(fu)動的范圍(wei)擴大為原則(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)均不(bu)超過20%，用電(dian)(dian)(dian)多的高耗能行業市場(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)不(bu)受上(shang)(shang)(shang)浮(fu)20%限制，有利于更好地發揮(hui)市場(chang)機制作用，讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)更靈活反映電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)需形勢和成本變化，在(zai)一定(ding)程(cheng)度上(shang)(shang)(shang)緩解(jie)燃煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業經(jing)營困難、激勵企(qi)(qi)業增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)應，抑制不(bu)合理電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需求(qiu)，改善(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)求(qiu)狀況，更好保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)安全穩定(ding)供(gong)(gong)應。

全面放開燃(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)，擴(kuo)大上(shang)下(xia)浮動(dong)范圍，在電(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)偏(pian)緊的情況下(xia)，市場交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)可能出現上(shang)浮，在一定(ding)(ding)程度上(shang)推(tui)升(sheng)工商(shang)業企(qi)業用電(dian)(dian)成本。但需(xu)要(yao)分用戶(hu)類別來看，對高耗能企(qi)業市場交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)，規定(ding)(ding)其(qi)不(bu)受(shou)上(shang)浮20%限制，這(zhe)樣上(shang)浮不(bu)限，就是要(yao)讓用電(dian)(dian)多(duo)、能耗高的企(qi)業多(duo)付費。

其他工商業用(yong)戶，單位產品生產用(yong)電(dian)少(shao)，用(yong)電(dian)成本在(zai)總(zong)(zong)成本中占比總(zong)(zong)體(ti)較(jiao)低，市場交易(yi)電(dian)價出(chu)現一定上浮，企業用(yong)電(dian)成本會有所增加，但總(zong)(zong)體(ti)有限(xian)。

同(tong)(tong)時，我委考(kao)慮到不同(tong)(tong)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)情況，還作了針對性安(an)排：一(yi)(yi)是各(ge)地根據情況有(you)序推動工商業用(yong)戶(hu)進入市(shi)場，并(bing)建立電(dian)網企(qi)業代理購(gou)電(dian)機制，確保(bao)平穩實施(shi)。二是鼓勵地方通過采取階(jie)段性補貼(tie)等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)對小微企(qi)業和個體工商戶(hu)實行優(you)惠(hui)。三是繼續落實好已經出臺(tai)的(de)支(zhi)持民營企(qi)業發(fa)展、中小微企(qi)業融資(zi)、制造業投資(zi)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列惠(hui)企(qi)紓困措(cuo)施(shi)。