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自新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)成立以(yi)來(lai)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的電(dian)力(li)工(gong)業(ye)管理(li)部門(men)的名稱幾經(jing)變化，從中(zhong)可以(yi)觀察出中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)力(li)工(gong)業(ye)發展的脈絡，也可以(yi)看出從國(guo)(guo)(guo)家層面對我國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)力(li)體制改革的探索。為(wei)什么(me)電(dian)力(li)局、供電(dian)局、電(dian)業(ye)局的叫法在(zai)很多(duo)地方(fang)已(yi)成為(wei)歷史，但(dan)在(zai)普通(tong)民眾之間還(huan)流傳甚廣？實際上(shang)這種叫法是延續了很長(chang)時間的，普通(tong)民眾對其已(yi)經(jing)成為(wei)一(yi)種習(xi)慣(guan)，甚至曾(ceng)經(jing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)口中(zhong)的“供電(dian)局”比大多(duo)人(ren)理(li)解中(zhong)的供電(dian)局的含(han)義更加廣泛。

很多人認為，從供電(dian)局(ju)到(dao)電(dian)網(wang)企業的變化(hua)，始自于2002年電(dian)力行業“廠網(wang)分離”后國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)、南方電(dian)網(wang)和(he)五(wu)大(da)發(fa)電(dian)集(ji)團的成立，實際上這種認識并不全(quan)面。

一、電力工業管理部門名稱變化

首先我們來(lai)看看新中(zhong)國成立后直到1998年(nian)撤銷(xiao)電(dian)力(li)工業(ye)部，我國電(dian)力(li)工業(ye)管理部門(men)名稱的(de)變遷史(shi)：

1955年7月30日，中(zhong)華人民(min)共和(he)國(guo)電力工業部成(cheng)立。

1958年(nian)2月11日，水(shui)利部(bu)與電力工(gong)業部(bu)合并，成(cheng)立中華人民共(gong)和國(guo)水(shui)利電力部(bu)。

1979年(nian)2月23日，水(shui)利電力部分設(she)為水(shui)利部和電力工業(ye)部。

1982年3月8日，《關于國務院機構改革問題的決議》再次將水利部(bu)和電(dian)力工(gong)業部(bu)合(he)并(bing)，第二次設(she)立水利電(dian)力部(bu)。

1988年(nian)，撤銷(xiao)水(shui)利(li)電力部(bu)，成(cheng)立(li)能源(yuan)部(bu)和水(shui)利(li)部(bu)。

1993年3月，八屆第一次(ci)全國人民代表大(da)會通過決議，撤銷(xiao)能源部(bu)(bu)，第三(san)次(ci)成立電(dian)力工業部(bu)(bu)。

1997年1月16日，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)力公司正式成立。根據(ju)《國(guo)(guo)務院關于組(zu)建國(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)力公司的(de)通知》確定(ding)的(de)原則，按照(zhao)政企(qi)(qi)分開的(de)要求，將電(dian)(dian)力工業部所屬的(de)企(qi)(qi)事業單位劃(hua)歸國(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)力公司管理。

1998年3月(yue)，九屆全國(guo)人大(da)一次會(hui)議批準國(guo)務院機(ji)構改(gai)革方案，撤銷電力工(gong)(gong)業部，電力工(gong)(gong)業的政(zheng)府(fu)管(guan)理職(zhi)能并入(ru)國(guo)家經(jing)濟貿(mao)易委員會(hui)。國(guo)家電力公司作為國(guo)務院出資的企(qi)(qi)業單獨運營，標志著我國(guo)電力工(gong)(gong)業管(guan)理體制由計(ji)劃經(jing)濟向社會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)市場經(jing)濟轉(zhuan)變，實現政(zheng)企(qi)(qi)分(fen)開的歷史性轉(zhuan)折。

由此可見(jian)，雖然名(ming)字幾經變化，但是(shi)在(zai)(zai)1998年(nian)(nian)及(ji)(ji)以前，在(zai)(zai)幾十年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)時間里我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管理部(bu)(bu)門(men)實質(zhi)上(shang)都(dou)是(shi)根正(zheng)苗紅的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)府(fu)職能部(bu)(bu)門(men)，中央層(ceng)面因為(wei)有著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)，省級(ji)(ji)地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)當然也會有對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)管理部(bu)(bu)門(men)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)(ju)”，地(di)市級(ji)(ji)及(ji)(ji)以下(xia)(xia)則稱(cheng)為(wei)“供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)(ju)”或(huo)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)(ju)”，因為(wei)各個(ge)地(di)方(fang)改(gai)革同(tong)步性(xing)(xing)不同(tong)和地(di)方(fang)特色，個(ge)別地(di)區還存(cun)在(zai)(zai)過農電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理局(ju)(ju)等(deng)稱(cheng)呼。這說明，在(zai)(zai)1998年(nian)(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)撤銷(xiao)以前，人(ren)們稱(cheng)呼身(shen)邊的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)門(men)為(wei)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)(ju)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)(ju)是(shi)準確的(de)(de)(de)，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)局(ju)(ju)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)(ju)、供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)叫法(fa)經久不衰(shuai)并(bing)延續至今，是(shi)因為(wei)曾經廣義上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)所有與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)相關的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務都(dou)屬(shu)于(yu)一個(ge)部(bu)(bu)門(men)管理，那就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)改(gai)之前存(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)或(huo)者國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公司，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體制改(gai)革后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)今天人(ren)們依(yi)然習慣于(yu)將自己直接接觸并(bing)進行(xing)辦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務對(dui)接的(de)(de)(de)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司下(xia)(xia)屬(shu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司稱(cheng)為(wei)“供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)(ju)”。當然可能的(de)(de)(de)原因還有：南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司地(di)市級(ji)(ji)以下(xia)(xia)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司現在(zai)(zai)也還叫供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)(ju)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)改(gai)以后(hou)也存(cun)在(zai)(zai)過區域性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管理局(ju)(ju)如(ru)華北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管局(ju)(ju)等(deng)。

二、電改過程中中央企業調整

作為一個巨(ju)無霸的(de)企業，國家電力(li)公(gong)司(si)自1997年(nian)1月成立至2002年(nian)12月被拆分(fen)僅僅存在了不到6年(nian)時間，這或(huo)許也(ye)說明國家電力(li)公(gong)司(si)在設置之初就(jiu)是一個過渡性的(de)制度安排。隨著我國社(she)會主(zhu)義市場經濟改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)推(tui)進(jin)，上層建(jian)筑需要和經濟基(ji)礎相適應，為了改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)阻礙生(sheng)產力(li)發展的(de)制度因素(su)，曾經與鐵(tie)路、民航、通訊并稱(cheng)四大壟斷行業的(de)電力(li)行業，從2002年(nian)開始實施了電力(li)體制的(de)市場化改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)，改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)過程是涉及政企分(fen)離、廠網(wang)分(fen)離和主(zhu)輔分(fen)離的(de)漫長(chang)進(jin)程。

下面我們再來(lai)梳理自2002年至今，由國家電力公司(si)拆分和重組而成的(de)電力企業。

2002年12月29日，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)力新(xin)組建（改組）公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)成立大會(hui)在人民(min)大會(hui)堂召開，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)網公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)南方電(dian)網有(you)限公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)華(hua)能集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大唐(tang)集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)華(hua)電(dian)集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)力投資集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)力工程(cheng)顧問集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)電(dian)工程(cheng)顧問集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)建設集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)和中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)葛洲壩集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)等(deng)11家公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)正式宣告成立。2003年，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)力監(jian)管委(wei)員會(hui)成立，行使電(dian)力市場監(jian)管職(zhi)能。以此為標志，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)力市場化改革目標初(chu)步實現。

圖(tu)：2002年電(dian)力體制改革成立電(dian)網企業格局(ju)

至此，中國的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力體制(zhi)改(gai)革在形(xing)(xing)式(shi)上(shang)進行(xing)了(le)政企分離(li)，即電(dian)(dian)力工業(ye)(ye)從政府部門中脫(tuo)離(li)，全部由公司(si)制(zhi)的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)來(lai)運行(xing)；形(xing)(xing)式(shi)上(shang)進行(xing)了(le)廠(chang)網分離(li)，拆分成(cheng)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)網公司(si)和(he)五(wu)個(ge)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)集團，電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)和(he)電(dian)(dian)網分離(li)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)市場(chang)化，競價上(shang)網；形(xing)(xing)式(shi)上(shang)進行(xing)了(le)主輔分離(li)，成(cheng)立了(le)四大(da)輔業(ye)(ye)集團。

但是(shi)實際上的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)體制改(gai)革遠(yuan)比(bi)想象的(de)復雜，考(kao)慮到(dao)供電(dian)(dian)安全和電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供應(ying)、中國(guo)加入WTO相關條款、各(ge)(ge)方面的(de)利益等因素(su)，廠網分離和主輔分離不可能完(wan)全徹底地一刀(dao)切(qie)，那(nei)樣會對我國(guo)已經形成的(de)比(bi)較完(wan)整的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)工(gong)業造成很大(da)傷(shang)害。這也(ye)是(shi)為什么(me)這么(me)多年以來(lai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)體制改(gai)革最(zui)為復雜，時間(jian)最(zui)久，各(ge)(ge)方爭議也(ye)最(zui)大(da)。2002年的(de)電(dian)(dian)改(gai)5號文到(dao)2015年的(de)電(dian)(dian)改(gai)9號文，從國(guo)家層面對電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)體制改(gai)革進(jin)行了很多的(de)探索，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)企業的(de)重組和兼并也(ye)遠(yuan)沒有(you)結束。

圖：中國(guo)電力(li)企業重(zhong)組過程

2011年9月(yue)29日(ri)，經(jing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院批準(zhun)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水利水電(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)顧(gu)問(wen)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)南(nan)方(fang)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)所屬(shu)14個(ge)省（區(qu)、市）勘(kan)測(ce)設計企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、施工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、修造企(qi)業(ye)(ye)重(zhong)組(zu)(zu)，組(zu)(zu)建(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)葛(ge)(ge)洲(zhou)壩(ba)(ba)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力工(gong)程(cheng)顧(gu)問(wen)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)南(nan)方(fang)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)所屬(shu)15個(ge)省（區(qu)、市）勘(kan)測(ce)設計企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、施工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、修造企(qi)業(ye)(ye)重(zhong)組(zu)(zu)，組(zu)(zu)建(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能源(yuan)建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能源(yuan)建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)由國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有資(zi)(zi)產監(jian)督(du)管理委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)代(dai)表國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院履(lv)行出(chu)資(zi)(zi)人職責(ze)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水利水電(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)顧(gu)問(wen)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)全資(zi)(zi)子公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)葛(ge)(ge)洲(zhou)壩(ba)(ba)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力工(gong)程(cheng)顧(gu)問(wen)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能源(yuan)建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)全資(zi)(zi)子公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)，不再(zai)列(lie)入國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有資(zi)(zi)產監(jian)督(du)管理委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)履(lv)行出(chu)資(zi)(zi)人職責(ze)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)名單。

2015年5月29日，中國電(dian)力(li)投(tou)資集(ji)團公司(si)與國家核電(dian)技術有限(xian)公司(si)合并重組，成立國家電(dian)力(li)投(tou)資集(ji)團有限(xian)公司(si)。

2017年8月28日，經報(bao)國務院批準，中國國電集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)司（下(xia)稱“國電集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)”）與神華集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有(you)限(xian)責任(ren)公(gong)司（下(xia)稱“神華集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)”）合并重組為國家能(neng)源投資集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有(you)限(xian)責任(ren)公(gong)司。

圖：中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)力企(qi)業現有格局(ju)

三、電力體制改革極為復雜

從上述(shu)對(dui)中國電(dian)力行業(ye)國有(you)(you)企業(ye)的(de)介(jie)紹可以看出，電(dian)力體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革的(de)復(fu)雜程度(du)和牽涉(she)面超乎很(hen)多人(ren)(ren)的(de)想象(xiang)。自2002年到今天(tian)，接近20年的(de)時(shi)間里，對(dui)于電(dian)力體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革的(de)進度(du)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)滿意(yi)，有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)滿，有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)認(ren)為(wei)現在的(de)結果是好的(de)，有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)認(ren)為(wei)改(gai)的(de)更不(bu)好了。在利益(yi)訴求和經濟元素(su)更加多元化的(de)今天(tian)，對(dui)于每個(ge)群體(ti)來說都(dou)完美的(de)電(dian)改(gai)政策(ce)似乎是不(bu)存在的(de)，從全(quan)(quan)局考慮(lv)國際形勢和我國國情(qing)、電(dian)網安全(quan)(quan)再(zai)去做決策(ce)就更不(bu)容易了。

舉個例(li)子，在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)改(gai)(gai)之初，人(ren)們對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)拆(chai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)呼聲很高，但(dan)一直到(dao)(dao)今天國(guo)(guo)(guo)內也(ye)(ye)只(zhi)有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)和(he)南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)“兩(liang)張網(wang)(wang)(wang)”，有(you)人(ren)認為(wei)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)是(shi)失敗(bai)的(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)實(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)成立時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)網(wang)(wang)(wang)經營范圍內確實(shi)設(she)立了(le)包(bao)括(kuo)東北(bei)(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)(bei)、西北(bei)(bei)、華(hua)中、華(hua)東等幾(ji)個區(qu)域(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，但(dan)是(shi)實(shi)際(ji)執(zhi)行起來，發(fa)現(xian)即(ji)便將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)進(jin)行拆(chai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)范圍內依然是(shi)獨立壟斷經營的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，不可(ke)能將南方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)送到(dao)(dao)東北(bei)(bei)去(qu)競爭(zheng)，考(kao)慮到(dao)(dao)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安全(quan)這也(ye)(ye)并不是(shi)最好的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案，即(ji)便是(shi)南網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離也(ye)(ye)是(shi)有(you)其(qi)當(dang)時特定的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)條件的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)上也(ye)(ye)并沒有(you)可(ke)以借鑒的(de)(de)(de)例(li)子，很多發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家包(bao)括(kuo)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)、法國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)都是(shi)廠網(wang)(wang)(wang)不分(fen)(fen)(fen)、輸(shu)配(pei)不分(fen)(fen)(fen)，對于(yu)主輔分(fen)(fen)(fen)離則要牽涉到(dao)(dao)輔業單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)劃轉(zhuan)和(he)地方(fang)政府(fu)利益的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。所以對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力體制改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)而(er)言，要和(he)整個社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步、社(she)會(hui)可(ke)承受度(du)相匹(pi)配(pei)，同時也(ye)(ye)要和(he)其(qi)它領域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)相匹(pi)配(pei)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)個區(qu)域(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，也(ye)(ye)隨著華(hua)北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)拆(chai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)成為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)網(wang)(wang)(wang)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)部和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)網(wang)(wang)(wang)冀北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力有(you)限公司而(er)全(quan)部解體。

國(guo)內對(dui)電力市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)解千差(cha)萬別，用(yong)市場化(hua)概念包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)計劃思維的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點比比皆是，利(li)用(yong)各種概念去影(ying)響輿論以(yi)達成(cheng)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人很多。在電改這件事(shi)上，幾乎所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)事(shi)方，包(bao)(bao)括各中央(yang)政(zheng)府(fu)部(bu)門、電網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、發電企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、地方政(zheng)府(fu)和用(yong)戶，都有不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訴求，研究(jiu)一個(ge)統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識理(li)論就顯得(de)格外重要(yao)(yao)。我們期待(dai)一個(ge)既(ji)尊重經濟規(gui)律，又尊重電力系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場化(hua)改革結(jie)果，到時候(hou)無論我們對(dui)電力企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、電網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)報以(yi)何(he)種稱呼，就都顯得(de)不(bu)那么重要(yao)(yao)了。