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日前，國家能源局山西監管辦公室發布《關于明確跨省區外送電量輔助服務費用分攤有關事項的通知》，明確跨省區外送電量輔助服務費用的分攤范圍和分攤方式。這意味著，山西成為全國首個開展跨省區交易電量輔助服務費用分攤的省份。

“費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)分(fen)(fen)攤(tan)更(geng)加公平合(he)理。山西此舉開創了輔助(zhu)服務(wu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)向跨(kua)省用(yong)(yong)戶側分(fen)(fen)攤(tan)的(de)先(xian)河，將對(dui)輔助(zhu)服務(wu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)向用(yong)(yong)戶側疏導政策的(de)落實(shi)起到(dao)積極(ji)推動作用(yong)(yong)。”國家發展改革委價格成(cheng)本(ben)調查中心處長趙宏向《中國能源報(bao)》記者指出，建立(li)電力(li)輔助(zhu)服務(wu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)分(fen)(fen)攤(tan)機(ji)制，對(dui)于電力(li)調度(du)機(ji)構獲取充分(fen)(fen)的(de)靈活(huo)調節資源至關重要，將對(dui)建立(li)新型電力(li)系統和實(shi)現(xian)“雙碳”目標發揮(hui)積極(ji)作用(yong)(yong)。

提供先行范例

電(dian)力輔助服務是指為維護(hu)電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)安全(quan)(quan)穩定(ding)運行、保障(zhang)電(dian)能質(zhi)量、促進(jin)新能源消納，由市場運營機構統(tong)一組織采購調(diao)用(yong)的調(diao)峰、調(diao)頻、備用(yong)等系(xi)統(tong)調(diao)節(jie)服務。截至2022年底，我國電(dian)力輔助服務實現了6大(da)區域、33個省區電(dian)網(wang)的全(quan)(quan)覆(fu)蓋，統(tong)一的輔助服務規則體系(xi)基本形(xing)成。

據記者了解，以往(wang)電(dian)力輔助(zhu)服務費用(yong)主(zhu)要在省(sheng)內分(fen)攤(tan)，并且大(da)多數省(sheng)份(fen)只在發電(dian)電(dian)源側(ce)分(fen)攤(tan)，只有個別省(sheng)份(fen)向省(sheng)內用(yong)戶(hu)側(ce)分(fen)攤(tan)且主(zhu)要集(ji)中(zhong)于工商業用(yong)戶(hu)，但電(dian)力輔助(zhu)服務作為一項公共(gong)產(chan)品，所有系統(tong)主(zhu)體(ti)均是受(shou)益(yi)者，受(shou)益(yi)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)是其提供輔助(zhu)服務區域范圍內傳輸的全部電(dian)量(liang)(liang)，既(ji)包(bao)括(kuo)本地用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)，也包(bao)括(kuo)跨區域“網對(dui)網”外送(song)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)。

山西是我(wo)國電(dian)力(li)外送大省(sheng)，近一半的外送電(dian)量為省(sheng)調(diao)(diao)機(ji)組“網(wang)對(dui)網(wang)”外送電(dian)量，而相應的輔助服務費實(shi)際由省(sheng)調(diao)(diao)機(ji)組和省(sheng)內用戶承擔，亟需建立公(gong)平合理(li)的價格分攤機(ji)制。

根據2021年12月國(guo)家能源局發布的(de)《電力輔助(zhu)服(fu)務管(guan)理辦法》，按照(zhao)“誰(shui)受益、誰(shui)承擔(dan)”原(yuan)則，進一步完善輔助(zhu)服(fu)務考核(he)補(bu)償機(ji)制，明確跨省跨區(qu)發電機(ji)組參(can)與輔助(zhu)服(fu)務的(de)責任(ren)義(yi)務、參(can)與方(fang)式和補(bu)償分攤(tan)原(yuan)則，建立用(yong)戶參(can)與的(de)分擔(dan)共(gong)享(xiang)機(ji)制，山西率先落地。

“山(shan)西將輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)成本擴(kuo)展(zhan)到(dao)省間分攤(tan)(tan)，保障了(le)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)資金的來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)，把電(dian)力(li)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)責任落實到(dao)不同地區(qu)的相關(guan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)主體，使市(shi)(shi)場(chang)主體能(neng)夠(gou)獲得或承擔與輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)相關(guan)的費用(yong)(yong)，可降低省內用(yong)(yong)戶的用(yong)(yong)電(dian)成本。”華北電(dian)力(li)大學教授袁家海告訴《中國能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)報》記者，山(shan)西明確跨(kua)省區(qu)外送電(dian)力(li)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)費用(yong)(yong)分攤(tan)(tan)，能(neng)夠(gou)有力(li)推動跨(kua)省區(qu)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)分攤(tan)(tan)共(gong)享機(ji)制的建立，并為全(quan)國統一電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)體系(xi)和能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)綠色低碳轉型提供先行范(fan)例。

有待擴展至區域范圍

電力輔助服務(wu)市場(chang)是全國(guo)統(tong)一電力市場(chang)的重要組成部分，是推動能(neng)源(yuan)低碳轉(zhuan)型的重要抓手。

趙宏(hong)指出，受新能源(yuan)高比例(li)接入、極(ji)端(duan)天氣增多、經(jing)(jing)濟社會發展用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增加導致電(dian)(dian)力(li)負荷(he)峰谷差拉大(da)，信息化電(dian)(dian)氣化對用(yong)電(dian)(dian)質量(liang)要(yao)求提(ti)高等因素影響，電(dian)(dian)力(li)輔助服務(wu)的不確定性加劇，電(dian)(dian)力(li)調(diao)度機構對靈活調(diao)節資(zi)源(yuan)需(xu)求大(da)大(da)增加。同時，新能源(yuan)的波動(dong)(dong)性、間歇(xie)性和隨機性，使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)能輸送過程(cheng)中也需(xu)要(yao)大(da)量(liang)輔助服務(wu)用(yong)于平衡負荷(he)、穩(wen)定頻(pin)率電(dian)(dian)壓保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)，以及系(xi)統備用(yong)和黑啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)等應急事故處理。電(dian)(dian)力(li)輔助服務(wu)可(ke)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統所有參與者提(ti)供(gong)安(an)全保(bao)障，費用(yong)分(fen)攤共享符(fu)合客觀經(jing)(jing)濟規(gui)律，才能調(diao)動(dong)(dong)靈活調(diao)節資(zi)源(yuan)的投(tou)資(zi)建設熱情，為(wei)能源(yuan)綠色(se)低碳轉型保(bao)駕(jia)護航。

那么(me)，山西(xi)建立跨省(sheng)區(qu)交易電量分攤(tan)輔助服務費(fei)用的做法是否可在全國范圍內復(fu)制推廣？

趙宏指出，山(shan)西建立跨省區(qu)交易(yi)電(dian)量分(fen)攤輔助(zhu)服務費(fei)用的(de)(de)(de)做法符(fu)合電(dian)力輔助(zhu)服務的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)性(xing)(xing)、壟斷性(xing)(xing)、不確定性(xing)(xing)特(te)點和公共(gong)品(pin)經濟學屬性(xing)(xing)，對靈活調(diao)節(jie)資(zi)源(yuan)健康可持(chi)續(xu)發展具(ju)有重要(yao)推動作用，值得各地借鑒。但目前(qian)電(dian)網系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)度(du)多以區(qu)域(yu)(yu)為單位(wei)(wei)進(jin)行安全(quan)調(diao)節(jie)，極個別以省為單位(wei)(wei)。因此，輔助(zhu)服務費(fei)總(zong)(zong)量有待(dai)進(jin)一步擴展到區(qu)域(yu)(yu)范圍，總(zong)(zong)費(fei)用由(you)所調(diao)節(jie)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)輸(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)電(dian)量來共(gong)同分(fen)攤，包括(kuo)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)內部用電(dian)量和區(qu)域(yu)(yu)間(jian)“網對網”輸(shu)送(song)電(dian)量。

袁(yuan)家海認為，山西明確了分(fen)攤(tan)范圍、分(fen)攤(tan)方式、結算流程及執行時間，可為其它地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)跨省(sheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)輔助服(fu)務(wu)分(fen)攤(tan)共享機(ji)制的建(jian)立提供一(yi)(yi)(yi)定參(can)考，但(dan)還(huan)不(bu)足以在(zai)全國范圍內復制推廣。原因在(zai)于，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)是存在(zai)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)利(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)協調問(wen)題，我國各地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)資源稟賦不(bu)同、電(dian)(dian)價差異明顯(xian)，用戶的電(dian)(dian)價承受能力也有所不(bu)同，輔助服(fu)務(wu)費用分(fen)攤(tan)會影(ying)響各省(sheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體利(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)，因此需要根(gen)據各地(di)實際(ji)情況，建(jian)立科學合理的省(sheng)間利(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)協調機(ji)制，保障區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)間的市(shi)(shi)場(chang)交易(yi)；另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)，輔助服(fu)務(wu)成本(ben)分(fen)攤(tan)比例有待厘清，在(zai)部分(fen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)或(huo)省(sheng)份(fen)，輔助服(fu)務(wu)成本(ben)由發(fa)電(dian)(dian)側并網主(zhu)體和市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化電(dian)(dian)力用戶共同承擔(dan)，具體分(fen)攤(tan)比例還(huan)需進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步商榷(que)。

輔助服務市場建設力度待加強

在(zai)國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)日前(qian)召開的三季度例行新(xin)聞發(fa)布會上(shang)，國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)市場監管(guan)司(si)副司(si)長劉剛介紹(shao)，截至6月底，全(quan)國(guo)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容量約(yue)27.1億(yi)千(qian)瓦，其(qi)(qi)中參(can)與電(dian)(dian)力輔助服(fu)務的裝機(ji)約(yue)20億(yi)千(qian)瓦。今年上(shang)半年，全(quan)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)力輔助服(fu)務費(fei)用共278億(yi)元，占上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)費(fei)的1.9%，其(qi)(qi)中調峰補償占比60.0%，調頻補償占比19.4%，備用補償占比16.2%。

“目前(qian)，我(wo)國輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設(she)仍存在價(jia)格(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)制不(bu)盡(jin)合(he)理(li)、品種(zhong)不(bu)夠豐富、主(zhu)體較為單一等問(wen)題。”袁家海進一步表示，我(wo)國已初步明確(que)了(le)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)費用由多(duo)(duo)主(zhu)體分(fen)攤的(de)機(ji)(ji)制，當前(qian)面臨的(de)核(he)心(xin)問(wen)題是(shi)不(bu)同市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體間的(de)責任與利益分(fen)配問(wen)題，核(he)心(xin)要義是(shi)在“誰提供(gong)，誰獲利；誰受益、誰承擔”原則的(de)基礎上，考(kao)慮多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)類型及不(bu)同地區(qu)電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)發展的(de)實(shi)際情況，進行差異化費用分(fen)攤。未來需(xu)進一步加大電(dian)力(li)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設(she)力(li)度，完(wan)善市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化的(de)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)制，調(diao)動多(duo)(duo)方(fang)主(zhu)體參與市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)積(ji)極性，釋(shi)放(fang)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)交(jiao)易需(xu)求，并充分(fen)挖(wa)掘靈活性資源調(diao)節潛(qian)力(li)，形成多(duo)(duo)元化輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體的(de)新格(ge)(ge)局(ju)。

國家(jia)層面已明確啟動編(bian)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)(wu)市場基本(ben)規則(ze)。趙(zhao)宏建議，基本(ben)規則(ze)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)重點明確服務(wu)(wu)主(zhu)體、共(gong)享分攤機制、成(cheng)本(ben)補(bu)(bu)償核算(suan)等內容，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)(wu)費用(yong)要在其(qi)(qi)服務(wu)(wu)區域(yu)內的(de)所有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)戶間共(gong)同分攤，提(ti)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)(wu)的(de)主(zhu)體是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)調(diao)度機構及其(qi)(qi)調(diao)用(yong)的(de)靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)調(diao)節資(zi)源，包括靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)性煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、儲能，傳(chuan)統(tong)高載(zai)能工業負荷(he)(he)、工商業可中(zhong)斷負荷(he)(he)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)等可調(diao)節負荷(he)(he)，負荷(he)(he)聚合商、虛(xu)擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)等。靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)調(diao)節資(zi)源參(can)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)(wu)所獲得(de)補(bu)(bu)償標(biao)(biao)準應(ying)(ying)以其(qi)(qi)成(cheng)本(ben)為基礎(chu)，并綜(zong)合考(kao)慮(lv)合理(li)收益(yi)來(lai)確定(ding)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)(wu)市場如(ru)采(cai)用(yong)“固(gu)定(ding)補(bu)(bu)償+市場化補(bu)(bu)償”價(jia)格(ge)管理(li)形(xing)式，固(gu)定(ding)補(bu)(bu)償標(biao)(biao)準上限應(ying)(ying)參(can)考(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)(wu)容量成(cheng)本(ben)制定(ding)；市場化補(bu)(bu)償標(biao)(biao)準不(bu)應(ying)(ying)低于靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)調(diao)節資(zi)源參(can)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)(wu)的(de)能量損耗(hao)成(cheng)本(ben)。靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)調(diao)節資(zi)源參(can)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)(wu)時，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網提(ti)供(gong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)應(ying)(ying)執行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網代理(li)購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)，不(bu)再收取(qu)作為發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)戶的(de)其(qi)(qi)他各項(xiang)費用(yong)。