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隨著我國(guo)(guo)建設(she)新(xin)(xin)型電力系統等戰略目標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)提出(chu)，電網企業的(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)和運營模式將(jiang)面臨深刻的(de)(de)(de)發展變(bian)革(ge)，國(guo)(guo)家能源政策目標(biao)逐漸(jian)向低碳轉(zhuan)型調整(zheng)，我國(guo)(guo)現行的(de)(de)(de)、基于成本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)監管機(ji)制將(jiang)逐漸(jian)難以適應新(xin)(xin)時期電力行業的(de)(de)(de)高質量發展要(yao)求，亟(ji)待結合我國(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)時期的(de)(de)(de)能源政策優化調整(zheng)。

新型電力系統建設對于我國電網運行和投資的影響

為容(rong)(rong)納新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統建設將顯著(zhu)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)需求。首先，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入勢(shi)必帶來(lai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)套送(song)(song)出工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)需求;其次，為緩解新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)出力(li)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統運行安(an)(an)全(quan)和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)需加大(da)(da)(da)(da)對數(shu)字電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、智能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)入力(li)度;第三，儲能和(he)分(fen)布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入將在(zai)一定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度上改變輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級容(rong)(rong)量(liang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)率，影響(xiang)各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)。最后，鑒于新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)效發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)偏低的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，大(da)(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入可能加劇遠距離送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共用(yong)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡容(rong)(rong)量(liang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)系(xi)統高峰(feng)負荷時(shi)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)緊張程(cheng)(cheng)度，使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)擴容(rong)(rong)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)序發生(sheng)變化，提高輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統未來(lai)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現值(zhi)。值(zhi)得注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統建設背景下的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)更多受(shou)到新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入數(shu)量(liang)、保障新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入條(tiao)件下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)安(an)(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)運行和(he)促(cu)進新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納等驅(qu)動因(yin)素(su)影響(xiang)，難以與終端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷和(he)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)簡單掛鉤。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運(yun)(yun)維方式發生變化，運(yun)(yun)維成本將增加。隨著新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)的建設(she)和發展，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子裝置(zhi)、大規模儲能裝置(zhi)等新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力設(she)備將獲得廣泛(fan)應用，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)對柔性可控和安(an)全穩(wen)定的要求(qiu)越來越高(gao)，為(wei)保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的可靠(kao)運(yun)(yun)行，勢必會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的運(yun)(yun)行和維護的成本。并且，由于新能源地理廣泛(fan)分布特征(zheng)，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能遠離負荷中(zhong)心，將增加遠距離輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)成本和系(xi)統(tong)損耗。

高比例可再生能源接入國家的輸配電價監管實踐及啟示

從國(guo)(guo)際實踐(jian)來看，英國(guo)(guo)和(he)澳大(da)利亞等高比例新(xin)能源(yuan)接入國(guo)(guo)家(jia)在輸(shu)配電價(jia)(jia)定價(jia)(jia)監管(guan)機制(zhi)的研究和(he)應用上有(you)著較為(wei)豐(feng)富的經(jing)驗，各國(guo)(guo)均(jun)根據其電力(li)體制(zhi)、電力(li)行(xing)業的發展乃至能源(yuan)政策的變化不斷優化、完(wan)善其輸(shu)配電價(jia)(jia)監管(guan)機制(zhi)。

建立(li)“激(ji)(ji)勵(li)約束相容”的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)機(ji)制(zhi)。英國和澳大利亞的(de)(de)輸配電(dian)(dian)價監(jian)管(guan)由傳統的(de)(de)基于(yu)成本的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)逐漸向“激(ji)(ji)勵(li)約束相容”的(de)(de)激(ji)(ji)勵(li)性監(jian)管(guan)轉變。其一是建立(li)了基于(yu)新能源發展、供電(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性和客戶(hu)滿意度等的(de)(de)多目標激(ji)(ji)勵(li)機(ji)制(zhi)，以(yi)電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)可控(kong)、可量(liang)化、可審(shen)計、可比較(jiao)的(de)(de)主要指(zhi)標為基礎，衡(heng)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)的(de)(de)相關表現，以(yi)經濟(ji)獎勵(li)和聲譽(yu)獎勵(li)的(de)(de)方式激(ji)(ji)勵(li)電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye);其二(er)則(ze)是建立(li)了投資、運維支(zhi)(zhi)出偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)共(gong)享(xiang)/共(gong)擔機(ji)制(zhi)，即當電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)實際(ji)發生的(de)(de)投資與計劃(hua)存在偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)時，根據偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)性質，由電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)和終(zhong)端用戶(hu)共(gong)同分享(xiang)/承(cheng)擔相關收益和成本，激(ji)(ji)勵(li)電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)合理(li)控(kong)制(zhi)支(zhi)(zhi)出。

監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)隨政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)變化(hua)不(bu)(bu)斷優化(hua)調整(zheng)。監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)的(de)設(she)(she)定是監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)制(zhi)設(she)(she)計中的(de)重要部分之一。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)計得(de)過短，既(ji)會給能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)價格主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門造成較(jiao)大的(de)工作(zuo)壓(ya)力，也會為電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)帶來更多政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)不(bu)(bu)確定性，不(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)從(cong)更長遠的(de)角(jiao)度制(zhi)定工作(zuo)計劃;周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)過長，則會使得(de)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)制(zhi)難以靈活地適應能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)變化(hua)，造成監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)目標(biao)和能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)難以匹配。因此，監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)的(de)設(she)(she)置應適應電(dian)網發(fa)展(zhan)情況(kuang)和國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)變化(hua)。從(cong)國(guo)際(ji)實(shi)踐(jian)來看，英(ying)國(guo)曾經將輸、配電(dian)價監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)從(cong)5年延長為8年，但隨著歐盟低碳轉型(xing)目標(biao)的(de)提(ti)出，電(dian)網發(fa)展(zhan)重新面臨不(bu)(bu)確定性，英(ying)國(guo)適時縮短了輸配電(dian)價監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)，以適應能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)頻(pin)繁調整(zheng)。

對(dui)(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的認(ren)定(ding)(ding)更加全面(mian)、科學、合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)。英國、澳大利亞(ya)等(deng)(deng)國家在低碳轉(zhuan)型過程中(zhong)，逐步建(jian)立了基于“自(zi)上而(er)下”的總支出(chu)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)和“自(zi)下而(er)上”的作業成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)的輸配電成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)方法。其中(zhong)，“自(zi)上而(er)下”指從宏觀出(chu)發(fa)，綜合(he)(he)(he)電網運(yun)(yun)營(ying)的年用電量(liang)、負(fu)(fu)荷、供電可靠性、服(fu)務(wu)用戶總數等(deng)(deng)因素，開展(zhan)歷史(shi)趨勢分(fen)析(xi)(xi)、公司(si)間成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)對(dui)(dui)比(bi)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)，并運(yun)(yun)用校正(zheng)最(zui)小二乘法(COLs)等(deng)(deng)先進模型開展(zhan)測算(suan)，審定(ding)(ding)在特定(ding)(ding)的產出(chu)目標(biao)下，其發(fa)生的投資運(yun)(yun)維成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)總額的合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)性;“自(zi)下而(er)上”則(ze)是從微觀出(chu)發(fa)，采用作業成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)法等(deng)(deng)對(dui)(dui)分(fen)類(lei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)性進行認(ren)定(ding)(ding)，例如英國將輸配電成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)分(fen)為直接/非直接運(yun)(yun)行支出(chu)、負(fu)(fu)荷/非負(fu)(fu)荷資本(ben)(ben)(ben)支出(chu)等(deng)(deng)，根據各層級分(fen)類(lei)特性，開展(zhan)分(fen)類(lei)標(biao)桿分(fen)析(xi)(xi)、單位產出(chu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)，認(ren)定(ding)(ding)分(fen)類(lei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的發(fa)生的合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)性。

有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)的(de)核(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機制更加健全(quan)(quan)。有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)的(de)核(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)主要包括核(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)范圍(wei)、價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)認定(ding)(ding)(ding)以及(ji)投(tou)資(zi)轉(zhuan)資(zi)三方面。在(zai)核(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)范圍(wei)方面，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)一般包括固定(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)凈值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、無形(xing)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)凈值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、營(ying)運資(zi)本(ben)(ben)等(deng)，包括美國德州和日(ri)本(ben)(ben)等(deng)部(bu)分(fen)國家及(ji)地區將(jiang)在(zai)建工程也納入輸配(pei)電(dian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)認定(ding)(ding)(ding)方面，國際(ji)上存在(zai)賬面價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法和重估成本(ben)(ben)法兩(liang)種方法。其中(zhong)(zhong)，賬面價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法可(ke)通過財務報告中(zhong)(zhong)獲(huo)取(qu)，獲(huo)取(qu)便捷且易于(yu)審(shen)核(he)，但可(ke)能(neng)會存在(zai)數據獲(huo)取(qu)較難或不充分(fen)、通貨膨脹或技(ji)術進步低估資(zi)產(chan)(chan)的(de)實際(ji)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)問題;重估成本(ben)(ben)法的(de)優點是能(neng)夠(gou)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)衡量(liang)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)的(de)公允價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，但缺點是需要專家判斷(duan)并花費較為(wei)昂貴的(de)信息收(shou)集(ji)費用。投(tou)資(zi)轉(zhuan)資(zi)方面，澳大利亞監管機構對于(yu)投(tou)資(zi)計劃(hua)的(de)全(quan)(quan)額(e)投(tou)資(zi)認定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)，而(er)英國則根(gen)據預設轉(zhuan)資(zi)率將(jiang)總成本(ben)(ben)支出的(de)一部(bu)分(fen)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)，鼓(gu)勵電(dian)網企業(ye)合理控(kong)制投(tou)資(zi)規(gui)模。

準(zhun)許(xu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)率(lv)根據(ju)(ju)市場及(ji)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)公(gong)允水平確定。從國(guo)際(ji)實踐來看(kan)，輸配電價(jia)(jia)定價(jia)(jia)準(zhun)許(xu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)率(lv)的(de)(de)確定一般基于較為科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)方法和(he)公(gong)允的(de)(de)利(li)率(lv)基準(zhun)。例如在權(quan)益(yi)(yi)(yi)資本收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)率(lv)選擇(ze)方面(mian)，英(ying)國(guo)、澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)利(li)亞(ya)等國(guo)家均應用資本資產(chan)定價(jia)(jia)模型(xing)(CAPM)進行(xing)參數(shu)選擇(ze)。其中，英(ying)國(guo)對無(wu)風(feng)險(xian)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)率(lv)主要采用指數(shu)型(xing)金邊債(zhai)(zhai)券(quan)(quan)(Index-Linked Gilts，ILGs)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)率(lv)，而(er)澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)利(li)亞(ya)則以10年期(qi)聯邦政府(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)券(quan)(quan)日均收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)率(lv)。債(zhai)(zhai)務資本收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)率(lv)方面(mian)，澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)利(li)亞(ya)根據(ju)(ju)澳(ao)(ao)洲央行(xing)公(gong)布(bu)的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，以10年期(qi)、BBB信(xin)用評級的(de)(de)非金融(rong)公(gong)司債(zhai)(zhai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)率(lv)預估(gu)的(de)(de)往績平均值計算每一年的(de)(de)債(zhai)(zhai)務回(hui)報率(lv);而(er)英(ying)國(guo)則按照iBoxx債(zhai)(zhai)券(quan)(quan)指數(shu)的(de)(de)10年移動(dong)平均值確定債(zhai)(zhai)務資本收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)率(lv)。

我國現行輸配電價監管機制存在的問題

能(neng)源監(jian)管機構的監(jian)管能(neng)力存(cun)在(zai)不足(zu)，各部門職能(neng)缺(que)乏協(xie)同，難以促進新型電力系統高效(xiao)建(jian)設

能(neng)源監(jian)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)構監(jian)管(guan)(guan)能(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足主要(yao)體現在(zai)人員(yuan)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)和技(ji)術(shu)(shu)力(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)不足兩個方面(mian)。在(zai)人員(yuan)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)方面(mian)，目(mu)前(qian)承(cheng)擔(dan)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電價(jia)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國家發改(gai)委和地方物(wu)價(jia)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)職能(neng)部門，人員(yuan)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)存在(zai)不足，且相(xiang)關(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)可能(neng)同(tong)時(shi)承(cheng)擔(dan)其他價(jia)格管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)，在(zai)新型電力(li)(li)系統(tong)加速(su)建(jian)設、電網投資規(gui)模(mo)不斷(duan)擴大的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)人員(yuan)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)難(nan)以實現高效監(jian)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求;在(zai)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)力(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)方面(mian)，考(kao)慮(lv)到輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電價(jia)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)監(jian)審(shen)工(gong)作(zuo)涉及(ji)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)范圍廣、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)性強，僅依靠會計師事務(wu)所等財會技(ji)術(shu)(shu)力(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)難(nan)以滿足輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電定(ding)(ding)價(jia)成本監(jian)審(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，加之新型電力(li)(li)系統(tong)建(jian)設使得輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電價(jia)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)成本監(jian)審(shen)中成本費(fei)用合理(li)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)評估難(nan)度增大，需要(yao)同(tong)時(shi)具備電力(li)(li)系統(tong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)和財會專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)人才，而目(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)能(neng)力(li)(li)無法達(da)到此條件。

能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理機構(gou)各(ge)部門(men)(men)職(zhi)能(neng)缺乏(fa)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)，主(zhu)要體現(xian)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網投(tou)資(zi)(zi)管(guan)理權限(xian)(xian)與定(ding)價(jia)(jia)權限(xian)(xian)不(bu)匹配。根(gen)據《中央(yang)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)目(mu)錄》的(de)(de)相(xiang)關規定(ding)，省(sheng)及省(sheng)以上電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)權限(xian)(xian)在國務院價(jia)(jia)格主(zhu)管(guan)部門(men)(men)，而根(gen)據《政府(fu)核準(zhun)的(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)項目(mu)目(mu)錄》規定(ding)，不(bu)涉及跨境(jing)、跨省(sheng)區(qu)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)±500千(qian)伏(fu)及以上直流(liu)項目(mu)和(he)(he)(he)500千(qian)伏(fu)、750千(qian)伏(fu)和(he)(he)(he)1000千(qian)伏(fu)交流(liu)項目(mu)等由省(sheng)政府(fu)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)管(guan)核準(zhun)，其他由地(di)方政府(fu)按(an)照(zhao)相(xiang)關規劃核準(zhun)。在投(tou)資(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)(he)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)權限(xian)(xian)不(bu)匹配、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理機構(gou)各(ge)部門(men)(men)職(zhi)能(neng)缺乏(fa)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，各(ge)省(sheng)在投(tou)資(zi)(zi)時難(nan)以綜合平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)網投(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)經濟效益和(he)(he)(he)社(she)會承受力，可能(neng)出現(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)后成本難(nan)以疏導(dao)，或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)空間(jian)利用(yong)不(bu)充分造成投(tou)資(zi)(zi)不(bu)足等一系列(lie)問(wen)題(ti)。在新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統建設不(bu)斷深化的(de)(de)現(xian)階段，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)大規模(mo)接入將帶(dai)來(lai)較大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網投(tou)資(zi)(zi)需求，因投(tou)資(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)(he)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)管(guan)理權限(xian)(xian)不(bu)匹配造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)網投(tou)資(zi)(zi)低效或(huo)成本疏導(dao)困(kun)難(nan)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)將日趨明(ming)顯。

監管模式缺乏激勵機制，難以適應新型電力系統高質量發展要求

現行輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)價監管機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)線(xian)損(sun)管理、供電(dian)(dian)可靠性、客(ke)戶(hu)服務水平和可再生(sheng)能源消(xiao)納(na)等方面缺乏(fa)激(ji)勵機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。目前(qian)我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)目標逐步向供電(dian)(dian)可靠、客(ke)戶(hu)滿意(yi)和促(cu)進(jin)(jin)可再生(sheng)能源消(xiao)納(na)等高(gao)質量發展目標邁進(jin)(jin)，而我國(guo)現行的(de)(de)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)價監管機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)缺乏(fa)相應(ying)的(de)(de)激(ji)勵機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，難以激(ji)勵、引導電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業保障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)運行安全、提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)運行效率、提高(gao)客(ke)戶(hu)服務滿意(yi)度和促(cu)進(jin)(jin)可再生(sheng)能源消(xiao)納(na)，難以適應(ying)我國(guo)新型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統建(jian)設(she)和電(dian)(dian)網(wang)、電(dian)(dian)價體系高(gao)質量發展的(de)(de)要求。

現行電(dian)網(wang)新增投(tou)資(zi)和運(yun)行維護費核定機(ji)(ji)制約(yue)(yue)束強(qiang)而缺乏節(jie)約(yue)(yue)分享(xiang)、獎勵機(ji)(ji)制，難以引導電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)優(you)化(hua)(hua)投(tou)資(zi)和運(yun)行，不利(li)于電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)可持續(xu)發展和新型電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統建設(she)。隨著(zhu)新型電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統建設(she)速度加快，“重(zhong)約(yue)(yue)束、輕(qing)激勵”的(de)現行機(ji)(ji)制一(yi)方面(mian)可能難以適應新時期的(de)電(dian)網(wang)發展需要，另一(yi)方面(mian)不利(li)于引導電(dian)網(wang)優(you)化(hua)(hua)投(tou)資(zi)運(yun)行，提高(gao)效率。

成本費用界定方式亟待優化，現行方式不利于支撐新型電力系統可持續發展

成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)費(fei)用的核定(ding)(ding)規則以歷史(shi)(shi)為基(ji)礎，對成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)節約(yue)激勵不(bu)足。在核定(ding)(ding)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)費(fei)用的過程中，本(ben)監(jian)管(guan)周(zhou)期材料(liao)修理費(fei)通常按照上一周(zhou)期核定(ding)(ding)結(jie)果加(jia)新增(zeng)資(zi)產(chan)原值和(he)2.5%上限與實(shi)際發生(sheng)(sheng)數孰低確定(ding)(ding);新增(zeng)的其他運維費(fei)率按照上一監(jian)管(guan)周(zhou)期的70%核定(ding)(ding)。上述定(ding)(ding)價機(ji)制不(bu)僅無法有效激勵節約(yue)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，反而可能造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浪(lang)費(fei)，即歷史(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)發生(sheng)(sheng)越(yue)(yue)少的單位(wei)(wei)，新監(jian)管(guan)周(zhou)期的準(zhun)許運維成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)越(yue)(yue)低、實(shi)際經(jing)營中相(xiang)(xiang)關資(zi)金越(yue)(yue)不(bu)足。反之(zhi)，歷史(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)發生(sheng)(sheng)越(yue)(yue)多的單位(wei)(wei)，未來經(jing)營相(xiang)(xiang)關資(zi)金越(yue)(yue)寬松。所(suo)以，現行監(jian)審辦法缺乏(fa)科學(xue)、客觀(guan)、規范(fan)的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)費(fei)用合理性判別(bie)標(biao)準(zhun)。

電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)輸配電(dian)資(zi)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)率高于(yu)定價折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)率，使得實(shi)際年折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)費與定價折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)費用(yong)存在較大差異(yi)(yi)，造成(cheng)兩(liang)種(zhong)折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年限(xian)差異(yi)(yi)對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)費無(wu)法回(hui)收和有效資(zi)產(chan)減(jian)少。在電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)際經營過程中(zhong)，存在由于(yu)輸配電(dian)網(wang)(wang)運營相關(guan)固定資(zi)產(chan)實(shi)際折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年限(xian)低(di)于(yu)成(cheng)本監(jian)審規定的(de)(de)(de)定價折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年限(xian)，導(dao)致部分資(zi)產(chan)賬面(mian)顯示(shi)已計提完折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，但從定價角(jiao)度(du)并未完成(cheng)折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)計提現(xian)象的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)。如按照報(bao)表(biao)數據進行監(jian)審，則會(hui)出現(xian)兩(liang)種(zhong)折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年限(xian)差異(yi)(yi)對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)折(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)費無(wu)法回(hui)收和有效資(zi)產(chan)減(jian)少兩(liang)個問題，相關(guan)機制亟待完善。

輸配電價監管機制調整建議

目前(qian)我國第三監(jian)管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)期(qi)輸(shu)(shu)配電價(jia)定價(jia)已經(jing)全面開展，為推動新型電力系(xi)統(tong)有效建設和(he)新時期(qi)電網企(qi)業高質量發展，輸(shu)(shu)配電價(jia)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)制也(ye)應在總結前(qian)期(qi)經(jing)驗和(he)問(wen)題的基(ji)礎上，通過機(ji)制創新等手段，優(you)化輸(shu)(shu)配電價(jia)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)模式和(he)定價(jia)機(ji)制。

引入“激勵約束相容”的監管機制

我國對輸配電(dian)(dian)價的(de)監(jian)管應(ying)逐步由基(ji)于成(cheng)本的(de)監(jian)管向基(ji)于績效(xiao)的(de)監(jian)管轉變，通(tong)過(guo)引入各(ge)種具(ju)有(you)實操(cao)性的(de)激勵約(yue)束機制，引導電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業自主提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)運行、投資(zi)效(xiao)率，加大新能源(yuan)消納的(de)力(li)度。

建(jian)立基(ji)于(yu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納、供(gong)電(dian)可靠(kao)性(xing)、客(ke)戶滿意度等的(de)(de)(de)多目標激(ji)勵(li)(li)機(ji)制。從國(guo)際實踐來看，英國(guo)和澳大利(li)亞等新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高占比國(guo)家為適應電(dian)力產業、電(dian)力市場以(yi)及能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)政策的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和變化，建(jian)立了基(ji)于(yu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)、供(gong)電(dian)可靠(kao)性(xing)和客(ke)戶滿意度等的(de)(de)(de)多目標激(ji)勵(li)(li)機(ji)制。借鑒國(guo)際先進(jin)經(jing)驗，建(jian)議近期(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)促進(jin)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)和消(xiao)納方(fang)面建(jian)立基(ji)于(yu)經(jing)濟獎勵(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵(li)(li)性(xing)機(ji)制，激(ji)勵(li)(li)電(dian)網企業通過優化電(dian)網調控運行和投資(zi)策略等方(fang)式，在(zai)(zai)(zai)及時(shi)滿足新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大規模接(jie)入(ru)(ru)需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)降低因電(dian)網阻塞等因素造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)棄(qi)風、棄(qi)光問題的(de)(de)(de)出現，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)遠期(qi)(qi)逐步引入(ru)(ru)基(ji)于(yu)諸(zhu)如新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)、電(dian)力系統安全可靠(kao)性(xing)、客(ke)戶服務滿意度等多維評價、激(ji)勵(li)(li)機(ji)制，協同促進(jin)新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力系統建(jian)設(she)和電(dian)網企業的(de)(de)(de)可持續發展(zhan)。

建(jian)立投資(zi)、運維支(zhi)(zhi)出偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)/共(gong)(gong)擔(dan)機制(zhi)。從國外實踐來看，英國和澳大(da)利亞等(deng)輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價監管機制(zhi)較(jiao)為成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)國家均建(jian)立了諸如“共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)調整系數”和“資(zi)本/運行(xing)效率分享(xiang)(xiang)計(ji)劃”等(deng)節約成(cheng)(cheng)本分享(xiang)(xiang)機制(zhi)。借鑒國際先進經驗，建(jian)議在(zai)近期(qi)(qi)(qi)建(jian)立計(ji)劃支(zhi)(zhi)出與實際支(zhi)(zhi)出的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)/共(gong)(gong)擔(dan)機制(zhi)，對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)實際成(cheng)(cheng)本與準許成(cheng)(cheng)本之間的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)額部分，按(an)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例(li)納入(ru)下(xia)一監管周期(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)本監審(shen)基期(qi)(qi)(qi)結果當中，比(bi)例(li)由(you)監管機構與電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)協商設定(ding)，并在(zai)遠期(qi)(qi)(qi)探索實施電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和用戶的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)/共(gong)(gong)擔(dan)比(bi)例(li)與支(zhi)(zhi)出屬(shu)性掛鉤的(de)(de)(de)機制(zhi)，當偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)支(zhi)(zhi)出涉及研(yan)發(fa)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)創(chuang)新(xin)活動時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)可多享(xiang)(xiang)、少擔(dan)，反之則少享(xiang)(xiang)、多擔(dan)，以此(ci)激勵電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新(xin)優化運行(xing)投資(zi)，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)運行(xing)投資(zi)效率。

健全、完善現有準許收入核定規則

合理確定(ding)(ding)固定(ding)(ding)資(zi)產定(ding)(ding)價折舊年限。為(wei)充(chong)分(fen)體現不(bu)(bu)同環境下(xia)輸(shu)變(bian)電資(zi)產的實(shi)際(ji)運行(xing)生命周(zhou)期，建議充(chong)分(fen)考(kao)慮不(bu)(bu)同自(zi)然(ran)環境對輸(shu)變(bian)電設(she)備運行(xing)生命周(zhou)期的影響，根據自(zi)然(ran)環境條件(jian)、經濟發達程(cheng)度將全國劃分(fen)為(wei)若干個(ge)片區，根據各區域的實(shi)際(ji)情況有針對性地調整(zheng)定(ding)(ding)價折舊年限區間，確保定(ding)(ding)價折舊年限與(yu)實(shi)際(ji)資(zi)產使用(yong)壽命保持一致，保障電網的投資(zi)能(neng)力及(ji)電網安全穩定(ding)(ding)運行(xing)。

追(zhui)(zhui)溯調(diao)整企(qi)業賬面已提前計(ji)(ji)提完折舊的資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)價(jia)值(zhi)。根(gen)據合理彌補(bu)成本原則(ze)，建議(yi)將核(he)價(jia)周(zhou)期內新增的、賬面已計(ji)(ji)提完折舊的資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)，按首個監管周(zhou)期定價(jia)折舊政策進(jin)(jin)行追(zhui)(zhui)溯調(diao)整，并將相應折舊費計(ji)(ji)入監審定價(jia)準(zhun)許成本。此外，由(you)于(yu)成本監審以監審年年度財務(wu)報表的固定資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)凈值(zhi)為基礎進(jin)(jin)行核(he)定，實際折舊費大(da)于(yu)核(he)定的折舊費的部(bu)分，將減少(shao)有效資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)規(gui)模和凈資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)收(shou)益率(lv)水平，建議(yi)同步調(diao)整。

優化(hua)完(wan)善現(xian)行資(zi)產(chan)轉資(zi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)規定。現(xian)行輸(shu)配電(dian)價監(jian)管(guan)機(ji)制(zhi)明(ming)確“預(yu)計新(xin)增(zeng)投資(zi)計入(ru)固定資(zi)產(chan)比(bi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)原則(ze)上不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)上一監(jian)管(guan)周期新(xin)增(zeng)投資(zi)計入(ru)固定資(zi)產(chan)比(bi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，最高不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)75%”，該機(ji)制(zhi)可(ke)能鼓勵電(dian)網虛(xu)增(zeng)投資(zi)，降(jiang)低電(dian)網投資(zi)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)，也不(bu)利于新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系統建設背(bei)景下電(dian)網的(de)可(ke)持續發展(zhan)。隨著(zhu)新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系統建設不(bu)斷推進和監(jian)管(guan)數據(ju)的(de)不(bu)斷積累，建議(yi)通過(guo)(guo)加強(qiang)監(jian)管(guan)機(ji)構專業性、提(ti)高監(jian)管(guan)能力(li)、優化(hua)成本監(jian)審(shen)流程等方式，強(qiang)化(hua)對電(dian)網企業新(xin)增(zeng)投資(zi)合(he)理性的(de)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)，并建立后(hou)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)機(ji)制(zhi)，逐步替(ti)代(dai)現(xian)有的(de)轉資(zi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)機(ji)制(zhi)。

優化新能源大規模接入情況下的成本、投資參數認定規則

優化完(wan)善現(xian)行新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)認定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)規則。現(xian)行省級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價辦法中提出“預計新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)按(an)照不(bu)高于歷史單位電(dian)(dian)(dian)量固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)的(de)原則核定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”，該機(ji)制(zhi)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)初(chu)衷是為(wei)提高資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)運行投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效率，穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)終端用(yong)戶(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價。但隨著經濟轉型升級(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網未(wei)來(lai)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)更多是為(wei)了(le)滿足供電(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)(kao)性、提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量、最高負荷增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長等。因此(ci)，以(yi)歷史投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量關(guan)系計算(suan)未(wei)來(lai)的(de)新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，已難以(yi)滿足經濟社會發展(zhan)的(de)需要(yao)。所以(yi)，在新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統建設(she)初(chu)期，建議優化和完(wan)善現(xian)行新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)認定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)制(zhi)，結合前兩個輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價監(jian)管周期的(de)數據積(ji)累(lei)，根據行業實際實事(shi)求(qiu)是地調整相應規則，明確投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)界面延伸的(de)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)全額納(na)入定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價;在新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統建設(she)逐漸成(cheng)熟時，逐步建立與新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量、系統最大(da)負荷、系統可靠(kao)(kao)性要(yao)求(qiu)及(ji)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源滲(shen)透率等多因素關(guan)聯的(de)新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)認定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)制(zhi)。

優化新增材(cai)料(liao)修(xiu)理(li)(li)(li)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及其他(ta)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)核(he)定規(gui)(gui)則。現(xian)行定價(jia)辦(ban)(ban)法規(gui)(gui)定新增材(cai)料(liao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、修(xiu)理(li)(li)(li)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、人工(gong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)三項合計增幅不超(chao)過2%，對一些資產規(gui)(gui)模大、地域廣、電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)結構復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)省級電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)材(cai)料(liao)及修(xiu)理(li)(li)(li)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)需求客觀較高(gao)，實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)率(lv)高(gao)于定價(jia)辦(ban)(ban)法規(gui)(gui)定水平，若按照定價(jia)辦(ban)(ban)法三項成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)增幅，難以滿足電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)需求。與此同時，新能源大規(gui)(gui)模接入導致電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)需要投(tou)入更(geng)多的(de)(de)運(yun)行維護費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)。因此，建議近(jin)期(qi)參(can)考(kao)前兩(liang)個監管周期(qi)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)運(yun)行實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)維護費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)率(lv)發生情(qing)況(kuang)，按照電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)率(lv)水平核(he)定新增材(cai)料(liao)、修(xiu)理(li)(li)(li)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及其他(ta)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)，并逐步(bu)建立基于標準成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)或標尺競爭機制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)客觀、合理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)運(yun)行維護費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)率(lv)認定機制(zhi)(zhi)，激(ji)勵電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)提高(gao)運(yun)行效率(lv)，合理(li)(li)(li)節約(yue)運(yun)行維護成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。

建立(li)基于標(biao)準成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)或標(biao)尺(chi)競爭的(de)(de)輸配(pei)電定(ding)(ding)(ding)價成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)合(he)(he)(he)理性(xing)評估機制。目(mu)前(qian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)監審辦法主要是(shi)通過(guo)歷史成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)發(fa)生來確定(ding)(ding)(ding)費(fei)用的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)理性(xing)，難以(yi)鼓勵電網(wang)(wang)公司進一步提高運行效率(lv)，也會陷入鼓勵成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)浪費(fei)的(de)(de)誤區(qu)。從國(guo)際實踐來看，英國(guo)和(he)(he)澳大利(li)亞在運維(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)合(he)(he)(he)理性(xing)評估方面均采取了“自(zi)上(shang)而(er)下”的(de)(de)總(zong)支(zhi)出分(fen)析(xi)和(he)(he)“自(zi)下而(er)上(shang)”的(de)(de)作業成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)分(fen)析(xi)方法，從宏觀和(he)(he)微(wei)觀的(de)(de)角度對電網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業的(de)(de)總(zong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)支(zhi)出和(he)(he)分(fen)類成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)支(zhi)出的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)理性(xing)和(he)(he)有(you)效性(xing)進行認定(ding)(ding)(ding)。因此，近期(qi)建議價格主管(guan)(guan)部門(men)結合(he)(he)(he)前(qian)兩個(ge)輸配(pei)電價監管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)期(qi)實際發(fa)生的(de)(de)運維(wei)(wei)費(fei)情況合(he)(he)(he)理判定(ding)(ding)(ding)第三周(zhou)期(qi)運維(wei)(wei)費(fei)標(biao)準，并(bing)逐步在全(quan)國(guo)范圍(wei)內(nei)逐步開展基于標(biao)準成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)或標(biao)尺(chi)競爭的(de)(de)輸配(pei)電定(ding)(ding)(ding)價成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)合(he)(he)(he)理性(xing)評估機制研究，確定(ding)(ding)(ding)各省(sheng)級電網(wang)(wang)標(biao)準輸配(pei)電電價水平，在為電網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業提供標(biao)桿的(de)(de)同時，確保電網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)可持續發(fa)展能力。