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在(zai)風(feng)光熱儲(chu)一(yi)體化、新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)背景下(xia)，風(feng)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)新(xin)能源電(dian)(dian)力大量入電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，對火(huo)電(dian)(dian)市(shi)場造成(cheng)一(yi)定程度擠壓。而其(qi)中高(gao)比(bi)例的(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)入更導致電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)備用需求增加，由火(huo)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)單(dan)獨(du)提供(gong)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)旋轉備用也壓縮了火(huo)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)調(diao)峰空(kong)間，從而影(ying)響了風(feng)電(dian)(dian)消納。因此如何提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)調(diao)峰能力、減少風(feng)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)高(gao)比(bi)例接(jie)(jie)入電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)清潔電(dian)(dian)力棄電(dian)(dian)率、提高(gao)其(qi)利用率成(cheng)為了新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)亟需解(jie)決的(de)(de)重難點(dian)。

華(hua)電華(hua)北電力大學(xue)新能源電力系統(tong)國家重點實驗(yan)室(shi)不(bu)久(jiu)前于在2022年(nian)第21期《電工技術(shu)學(xue)報(bao)》上發布一篇名為(wei)《高(gao)比例風電接(jie)入系統(tong)光(guang)熱(re)發電-火(huo)電旋(xuan)轉備用優化(hua)方法》的(de)期刊，并于文(wen)中提(ti)到了(le)一種(zhong)解決高(gao)比例風電接(jie)入系統(tong)光(guang)熱(re)發電-火(huo)電旋(xuan)轉備用的(de)優化(hua)方法。

文章中主要(yao)考慮在光(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站加(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)EH（Electric Heater）。光(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站與EH聯合運行結構示(shi)意圖如圖2所示(shi)。相(xiang)比于傳統光(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站，加(jia)入EH后，儲(chu)熱(re)(re)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)中的(de)導熱(re)(re)熔(rong)(rong)鹽在由低溫熔(rong)(rong)鹽罐向高溫熔(rong)(rong)鹽罐流動過程中，除了(le)吸(xi)收光(guang)場(chang)光(guang)熱(re)(re)轉換得到的(de)熱(re)(re)能，還(huan)會吸(xi)收EH通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)制熱(re)(re)產生(sheng)的(de)熱(re)(re)能，減少了(le)光(guang)照(zhao)對光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力的(de)約束。

圖：光熱電站與EH聯合(he)運行結(jie)構示意圖

因(yin)此，在(zai)高比例(li)風電接入系統(tong)中，將光(guang)熱電站替代部(bu)分火電，由光(guang)熱電站與火電進行聯(lian)合提供旋轉備用(yong)，將有助(zhu)于促進高比例(li)風電接入系統(tong)的風電消納。

此(ci)外，EH作為可(ke)調節負荷，可(ke)通過調整用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)為系統提(ti)供備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，即以用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)形式(shi)提(ti)供旋(xuan)轉備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，使光(guang)熱的旋(xuan)轉備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)由發電(dian)(dian)旋(xuan)轉備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)擴(kuo)展為發電(dian)(dian)+用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)旋(xuan)轉備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，有效地(di)提(ti)高了光(guang)熱電(dian)(dian)站旋(xuan)轉備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)能力。

圖：CSP-EH能量流(liu)示(shi)意圖

但考(kao)慮到(dao)EH設備將電(dian)能(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)為(wei)(wei)熱能(neng)，再通過光熱電(dian)站發電(dian)，其中(zhong)涉及(ji)兩次電(dian)熱轉換(huan)(huan)，能(neng)耗較(jiao)高，因此文中(zhong)提到(dao)為(wei)(wei)保證能(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)率，EH主要(yao)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)夜間棄風時段下(xia)光熱儲熱來(lai)源(yuan)及(ji)緊急條件下(xia)的系統備用(yong)資(zi)源(yuan)，正常場景下(xia)保持低負荷率運(yun)行，主要(yao)為(wei)(wei)系統提供下(xia)旋轉備用(yong)。

文章中(zhong)還分析(xi)了高(gao)比(bi)例風電(dian)接(jie)入系統旋(xuan)(xuan)轉備(bei)用(yong)對(dui)風電(dian)消納的(de)(de)影響；其次，對(dui)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)-火電(dian)聯合(he)提(ti)供旋(xuan)(xuan)轉備(bei)用(yong)的(de)(de)可行性進行分析(xi)，針對(dui)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)儲(chu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)約(yue)束，提(ti)出采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)提(ti)高(gao)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)站備(bei)用(yong)能力(li)；然后，基(ji)于電(dian)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)電(dian)轉熱(re)(re)(re)(re)特性，建立(li)了含電(dian)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)站用(yong)電(dian)及發電(dian)調峰備(bei)用(yong)模型(xing)，基(ji)于此(ci)，建立(li)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)-火電(dian)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉備(bei)用(yong)優化模型(xing)；最后，通(tong)過改(gai)進的(de)(de)IEEE 30節點系統進行仿真驗(yan)證，證明(ming)該方(fang)法的(de)(de)有效性。

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