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《碳達峰碳中和》新能源高比例發展矛盾解決之道——光熱高溫熔鹽新型儲能技術助力實現雙碳目標

伴隨(sui)著“碳達峰碳中和(he)(he)”綠色低碳發(fa)展轉變(bian)的(de)開展，作為目(mu)前最大(da)“造碳”兩大(da)領(ling)域(yu)工業和(he)(he)電力(li)的(de)化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)來說，與可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)應(ying)用高(gao)比(bi)例急速增(zeng)長(chang)，產生(sheng)前所未有的(de)極大(da)矛盾(dun)(dun)，特別是在工業和(he)(he)電力(li)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領(ling)域(yu)，矛盾(dun)(dun)會(hui)隨(sui)著新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)比(bi)例的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)更(geng)為突出，加(jia)速能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革命的(de)利劍懸在頭上，亟需有效(xiao)解決之道(dao)。

從下圖1看2020年國(guo)內(nei)二(er)氧(yang)化碳排放結構比(bi)例來說，工業(ye)領域和電力能(neng)源領域的排放比(bi)例占據比(bi)重較大，如何(he)實現碳達峰、碳中和的發展目標，重點的開展方向離(li)不開這兩(liang)大主要領域，化石能(neng)源煤炭(tan)比(bi)重的快速(su)降(jiang)低是最優先考慮的措施方法(fa)。

圖1中國CO2排放(fang)結構

如何盡早實現碳達峰目標，為碳中(zhong)和爭取更多(duo)的(de)(de)時間，主要分析國(guo)內幾(ji)大(da)行業排放比(bi)例的(de)(de)高低，作為工(gong)(gong)業、電力領域(yu)無疑(yi)是(shi)最大(da)的(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰，從表1可(ke)以看出，工(gong)(gong)業、電力能源(yuan)領域(yu)占比(bi)較大(da)。

表1 2020年各行業二氧化碳占比

3月15日(ri)中央財經(jing)(jing)委(wei)員會(hui)第九次會(hui)議提(ti)出(chu)(chu)的要(yao)(yao)構建清潔低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)安全(quan)高(gao)效的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)，控制化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)總量，著力(li)(li)提(ti)高(gao)利(li)用(yong)效能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，實(shi)施可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)替代行動(dong)，深化電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)體(ti)制改革(ge)，構建以新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主(zhu)體(ti)的新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)。要(yao)(yao)實(shi)施重點行業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)減污(wu)降碳(tan)(tan)(tan)行動(dong)，工(gong)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)要(yao)(yao)推進綠(lv)色制造，建筑領(ling)域(yu)(yu)要(yao)(yao)提(ti)升節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)準，交(jiao)通領(ling)域(yu)(yu)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)快形成綠(lv)色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)運輸方式(shi)(shi)。要(yao)(yao)推動(dong)綠(lv)色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)實(shi)現(xian)重大突(tu)破(po)，抓(zhua)緊(jin)部署低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)前(qian)(qian)沿技(ji)(ji)術(shu)研究，加(jia)快推廣(guang)應(ying)用(yong)減污(wu)降碳(tan)(tan)(tan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，建立完善綠(lv)色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)評估、交(jiao)易體(ti)系(xi)和(he)科技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)服務平臺。我國力(li)(li)爭2030年前(qian)(qian)實(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)(feng)(feng)，2060年前(qian)(qian)實(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)，是(shi)黨中央經(jing)(jing)過深思熟慮作出(chu)(chu)的重大戰略決(jue)策(ce)，事(shi)關中華民族永續發展和(he)構建人類命運共同體(ti)。會(hui)議提(ti)出(chu)(chu)要(yao)(yao)解決(jue)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)矛盾和(he)問題，推動(dong)平臺經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)規范(fan)健康持續發展；實(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)是(shi)一(yi)場廣(guang)泛而深刻的經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社會(hui)系(xi)統(tong)性變革(ge)，要(yao)(yao)把碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)納入生態文明建設整體(ti)布局，拿(na)出(chu)(chu)抓(zhua)鐵有痕(hen)的勁(jing)頭，如期實(shi)現(xian)2030年前(qian)(qian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、2060年前(qian)(qian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)的目標(biao)。光熱高(gao)溫(wen)熔鹽新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)正是(shi)在(zai)工(gong)業(ye)蒸汽(qi)用(yong)熱領(ling)域(yu)(yu)、電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)調峰(feng)(feng)(feng)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)需要(yao)(yao)的綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高(gao)效利(li)用(yong)方式(shi)(shi)，滿足(zu)工(gong)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替代低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)綠(lv)色發展，以及新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主(zhu)體(ti)的電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)削峰(feng)(feng)(feng)填谷、穩(wen)定電(dian)(dian)網安全(quan)運行、調節消(xiao)納新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)間(jian)歇電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)的要(yao)(yao)求。

光熱(re)高溫熔鹽(yan)(yan)新(xin)型儲能技(ji)術采(cai)用光熱(re)發電領域成(cheng)熟的高低(di)(di)溫雙(shuang)罐(guan)熔融鹽(yan)(yan)儲能方案，冷熱(re)罐(guan)熔鹽(yan)(yan)儲存形式，因為這是一種簡單(dan)并且得(de)到(dao)實(shi)際驗(yan)證的形式。采(cai)用成(cheng)熟太陽能光熱(re)、棄風棄光、低(di)(di)谷電或工業(ye)余熱(re)等，加熱(re)儲罐(guan)系統內熔鹽(yan)(yan)介質。

圖(tu)2塔式(shi)光熱技(ji)術(shu)                           圖(tu)3槽式(shi)光熱技(ji)術(shu)

儲熱(re)(re)(re)系統的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)鹽(yan)(yan)罐(guan)(guan)和冷鹽(yan)(yan)罐(guan)(guan)安置(zhi)在(zai)事先做(zuo)好的(de)地基(ji)上，在(zai)兩個儲鹽(yan)(yan)罐(guan)(guan)的(de)之(zhi)(zhi)間安置(zhi)蒸汽發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)，蒸汽發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)的(de)鹽(yan)(yan)管(guan)道(dao)兩端(duan)與熱(re)(re)(re)鹽(yan)(yan)罐(guan)(guan)和冷鹽(yan)(yan)罐(guan)(guan)連接，通過管(guan)道(dao)熔融鹽(yan)(yan)在(zai)熱(re)(re)(re)鹽(yan)(yan)罐(guan)(guan)、蒸汽發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)、冷鹽(yan)(yan)罐(guan)(guan)三者之(zhi)(zhi)間傳輸(shu)。

圖4光熱(re)熔鹽儲(chu)能系(xi)統參考(kao)

蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)于將熔(rong)鹽(yan)存儲(chu)的熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量傳遞給工業園區蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)戶直接利用(yong)，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過(guo)梯級(ji)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)為居民(min)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)供(gong)暖，在沒有熱(re)(re)(re)(re)用(yong)戶的情況下，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量傳遞汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機工質水(shui)（汽(qi)(qi)(qi)），以(yi)(yi)驅(qu)動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪發電機組產生(sheng)(sheng)電能，蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的額定(ding)新蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)參數與汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機匹配，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機采用(yong)再熱(re)(re)(re)(re)式空冷純凝機組，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)根據規模大小采用(yong)其他類型發電機組，以(yi)(yi)實現項(xiang)目(mu)的最佳經濟性及更高效率。

圖5棄(qi)風棄(qi)光熔(rong)鹽新(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)利用參考(kao)圖

項(xiang)目使(shi)用(yong)(yong)太陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)、棄(qi)風(feng)棄(qi)光(guang)(guang)、低(di)谷(gu)電或工業(ye)(ye)（熱(re)(re)電廠）余熱(re)(re)加熱(re)(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)溫度升高，能(neng)量儲(chu)存在(zai)(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)罐中(zhong)，帶有熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲(chu)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)、光(guang)(guang)、儲(chu)一體化的(de)(de)(de)(de)集中(zhong)式、分布式能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)多(duo)聯(lian)供(gong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)方案(an)，帶有熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲(chu)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集中(zhong)式、分布式能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)多(duo)聯(lian)供(gong)功能(neng)模塊，并對系(xi)統(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)進行預測(ce)。系(xi)統(tong)(tong)具備多(duo)場景應用(yong)(yong)模式下的(de)(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)推廣(guang)價值，為(wei)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲(chu)熱(re)(re)技術在(zai)(zai)供(gong)熱(re)(re)制(zhi)冷領域(yu)、熱(re)(re)電解(jie)耦以及在(zai)(zai)綜合智慧能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推廣(guang)應用(yong)(yong)技術支撐。項(xiang)目優(you)先為(wei)園(yuan)區工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)提供(gong)蒸汽利用(yong)(yong)，梯級(ji)居民清潔供(gong)熱(re)(re)供(gong)暖利用(yong)(yong)，多(duo)余部分采用(yong)(yong)余熱(re)(re)發電機組發電，實現棄(qi)風(feng)棄(qi)光(guang)(guang)電（余熱(re)(re)）等資源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理梯級(ji)高效利用(yong)(yong)。

針(zhen)對高(gao)(gao)比例可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)（風電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)）發電(dian)(dian)大規模能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)，熔(rong)鹽新型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術具備提(ti)(ti)(ti)供大規模、高(gao)(gao)安(an)全、低成本、長壽命、易回收的高(gao)(gao)效儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)優勢。實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)網(wang)調(diao)峰、調(diao)頻(pin)友好協(xie)同發展，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)力輸出功率的穩定性，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納能(neng)(neng)力和(he)綜合效益。

一、工業蒸汽用熱成本上漲與綠色低碳發展矛盾

隨著(zhu)生態文明建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，大(da)(da)(da)氣污染攻堅戰等政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾越來(lai)越突(tu)顯，首先(xian)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃煤鍋爐天然(ran)氣、電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替代，導致(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)油(you)進口(kou)占比(bi)增加(jia)(jia)到70%以(yi)上，氣代煤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策(ce)導致(zhi)(zhi)天然(ran)氣超過(guo)43%以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進口(kou)比(bi)例(li)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)(dui)外依存(cun)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)，給(gei)國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全帶(dai)來(lai)極大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險。近期(qi)沙(sha)特石(shi)油(you)設施遭受襲擊，輪船蘇(su)伊士運河擱淺等突(tu)發因素(su)勢(shi)必會(hui)推高(gao)油(you)氣價的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上漲風(feng)(feng)險，給(gei)國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)來(lai)極大(da)(da)(da)挑(tiao)戰，面(mian)對(dui)(dui)百年(nian)(nian)未有(you)(you)之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)變局(ju)，國際勢(shi)力(li)(li)遏制我(wo)國發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賊心不死。推動(dong)我(wo)國能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命(ming)，深化電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)體(ti)制改革，構建(jian)以(yi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為主體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)，助力(li)(li)早日實現(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自給(gei)自足(zu)將會(hui)給(gei)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)帶(dai)來(lai)前所未有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增長機(ji)會(hui)。對(dui)(dui)于工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)熱(re)(re)成(cheng)本增高(gao)，特別是(shi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)成(cheng)本逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)推高(gao)，雖然(ran)國家逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)在降(jiang)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)價，推動(dong)新(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，不足(zu)以(yi)改變工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)用(yong)熱(re)(re)成(cheng)本上漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾。更伴隨著(zhu)碳(tan)達(da)峰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務(wu)實施，碳(tan)排放(fang)配額比(bi)例(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)低(di)(di)勢(shi)必會(hui)加(jia)(jia)劇工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)（蒸(zheng)汽(qi)）用(yong)熱(re)(re)成(cheng)本更大(da)(da)(da)幅(fu)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升。光(guang)熱(re)(re)高(gao)溫熔鹽新(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術是(shi)目前符合解(jie)決矛(mao)盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳方案(an)，充分利用(yong)光(guang)熱(re)(re)集熱(re)(re)技(ji)術在有(you)(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間內提高(gao)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清潔(jie)熱(re)(re)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，耦合低(di)(di)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)時段(duan)(duan)低(di)(di)成(cheng)本電(dian)(dian)價助力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)穩定平衡，充分加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)吸納風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)高(gao)發時段(duan)(duan)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)調峰不足(zu)導致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棄電(dian)(dian)，爭(zheng)取(qu)調峰輔助服務(wu)政策(ce)支持(chi)，降(jiang)低(di)(di)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本。助力(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)低(di)(di)碳(tan)綠(lv)色發展，早日實現(xian)碳(tan)達(da)峰目標、碳(tan)中和愿景(jing)。

二、風電光伏高比例裝機與電網安全穩定運行矛盾

針對新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)風電(dian)(dian)、光伏更大比例裝機，給電(dian)(dian)網(wang)安全(quan)運行(xing)帶來(lai)不穩定的影響(xiang)，無疑是第二個(ge)突顯的矛(mao)盾(dun)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)目前來(lai)看利用小(xiao)時(shi)數低，2019年我國(guo)風電(dian)(dian)光伏平(ping)(ping)均滿負(fu)荷利用小(xiao)時(shi)數分(fen)別是2082小(xiao)時(shi)和1169小(xiao)時(shi)，高比利新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)場景需要數倍于(yu)負(fu)荷的新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝機容量(liang)，造成(cheng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)出力(li)大幅波動，功(gong)率(lv)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)和運行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)難(nan)度(du)極大，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高發(fa)時(shi)段(duan)消納困難(nan)，擠(ji)占常(chang)規電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)空間(jian)，消納與安全(quan)矛(mao)盾(dun)突出。充分(fen)利用光熱(re)高溫(wen)熔鹽新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術的大規模、大容量(liang)優勢，加大風電(dian)(dian)光伏高發(fa)時(shi)段(duan)的消納比例，穩定平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)安全(quan)運行(xing)，助力(li)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)削峰減少(shao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主體電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的現實矛(mao)盾(dun)。

圖6風電(dian)出(chu)力和負荷曲(qu)線               ;         圖7光伏出(chu)力和負荷曲(qu)線

三、國內風光資源充沛地區與負荷中心供暖季清潔供暖矛盾

以三北(bei)風(feng)光資源(yuan)充沛地(di)(di)區的(de)資源(yuan)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)，與(yu)國內沿海地(di)(di)區負荷中心較(jiao)遠距(ju)離的(de)矛盾，目前的(de)特(te)高壓電(dian)網(wang)是(shi)有效的(de)解決辦(ban)法。根據(ju)氣象軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)查(cha)詢光資源(yuan)的(de)數據(ju)，光伏(fu)采用(yong)水平(ping)輻射（GHI）數據(ju)供(gong)暖(nuan)季最低和夏季最高數據(ju)差異(yi)接近3倍左右，勢必會導致冬天光伏(fu)發電(dian)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)夏季發電(dian)量(liang)(liang)下降(jiang)較(jiao)多，導致供(gong)暖(nuan)季特(te)高壓送出量(liang)(liang)利用(yong)率下降(jiang)，這是(shi)資源(yuan)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)導致的(de)現(xian)實矛盾。

圖8榆林市光資(zi)源參考數據 ;                     圖9張家口塞北光資(zi)源參考數據

再加上北方(fang)地區增(zeng)加民(min)生供暖，供熱(re)(re)需(xu)求陡然上升，勢(shi)(shi)必加大(da)(da)矛(mao)盾難題，又因(yin)燃煤(mei)（燃氣(qi)替代是趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)）熱(re)(re)電機組(zu)增(zeng)加供暖負荷后調峰能(neng)(neng)力受限，導(dao)致更大(da)(da)規模的(de)棄(qi)風棄(qi)光(guang)(guang)現象(xiang)在(zai)供暖季(ji)普遍發(fa)生。充分利用(yong)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)高(gao)(gao)溫熔(rong)鹽(yan)新型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術(shu)，聚光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)的(de)法向直接輻射（DNI）差(cha)異相比(bi)水(shui)平(ping)輻射（GHI）更少，冬季(ji)DNI數據(ju)遠比(bi)GHI數據(ju)更高(gao)(gao)，高(gao)(gao)溫熔(rong)鹽(yan)新型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)具備大(da)(da)力消納風電光(guang)(guang)伏棄(qi)電比(bi)例，滿足(zu)更大(da)(da)范圍用(yong)熱(re)(re)要(yao)求。更有利于解決燃煤(mei)熱(re)(re)電機組(zu)低(di)碳發(fa)展需(xu)要(yao)，將來(lai)非供暖季(ji)由高(gao)(gao)溫熔(rong)鹽(yan)新型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術(shu)來(lai)支撐耦合運行，實現碳排放配合逐步降低(di)的(de)目(mu)標。光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)高(gao)(gao)溫熔(rong)鹽(yan)新型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)是利用(yong)先進適(shi)應性技術(shu)化解環(huan)境矛(mao)盾的(de)最(zui)佳技術(shu)方(fang)案。

針(zhen)對(dui)國(guo)內(nei)目前的(de)工業和電力領域(yu)能源的(de)現階段主要矛盾和問題(ti)，如(ru)何有效解(jie)決(jue)是當下和未來一段時(shi)間需要重點(dian)解(jie)決(jue)的(de)問題(ti)。光熱(re)高溫熔鹽新型儲能技(ji)術，目前來看能夠具備：

解決風電光(guang)伏(fu)新增裝機配置儲能(neng)的(de)要求；

解(jie)決電網(wang)調峰(feng)調頻穩定(ding)安全運(yun)行的(de)能力；

解決高比例新(xin)能源棄(qi)風棄(qi)光(guang)消(xiao)納能力；

解決工業領(ling)域(yu)蒸汽成本上漲低碳發展能力；

解決電(dian)能替代低(di)谷電(dian)利用平衡電(dian)網能力；

解決熱電(dian)聯(lian)產(chan)電(dian)站調峰(feng)難(nan)題(ti)和碳配額減少生(sheng)產(chan)難(nan)題(ti)。

目前(qian)光熱(re)(re)高溫(wen)熔鹽新型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術雖然具備以上優點，制(zhi)約發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素也(ye)比較多，如何(he)(he)享受電(dian)(dian)(dian)網領(ling)域(yu)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)政策(ce)(ce)支(zhi)撐的(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)題(ti)，目前(qian)主要儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)政策(ce)(ce)是化(hua)(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)匹配的(de)(de)(de)(de)政策(ce)(ce)，而且(qie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)發展(zhan)歸口國家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局管(guan)理(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司調度(du)；工(gong)業(ye)(ye)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是工(gong)信部在管(guan)理(li)(li)。其實電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)領(ling)域(yu)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)題(ti)在工(gong)業(ye)(ye)領(ling)域(yu)可以協助解決(jue)并能(neng)(neng)直(zhi)接利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，但是目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政策(ce)(ce)支(zhi)撐不足(zu)，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)寧愿(yuan)(yuan)花更(geng)大(da)代(dai)價補貼研(yan)究(jiu)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)，也(ye)不愿(yuan)(yuan)花更(geng)低(di)(di)代(dai)價通過工(gong)業(ye)(ye)直(zhi)接利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作為調峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐方(fang)式(shi)(shi)（缺少跨部門之(zhi)間(jian)政策(ce)(ce)）。如何(he)(he)從能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構調整角度(du)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多元化(hua)(hua)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)轉變，以低(di)(di)成(cheng)本高安全(quan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)，不僅(jin)僅(jin)是解決(jue)自身難(nan)題(ti)，還能(neng)(neng)成(cheng)就工(gong)業(ye)(ye)領(ling)域(yu)低(di)(di)碳發展(zhan)，更(geng)加速工(gong)業(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)替(ti)代(dai)新舊動能(neng)(neng)轉換，實現(xian)節約優化(hua)(hua)低(di)(di)碳綠色(se)發展(zhan)，助力(li)實現(xian)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)目標。

新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主體(ti)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)思(si)(si)維(wei)必須要(yao)打破(po)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力網(wang)(wang)絡本身(shen)(shen)，需要(yao)從全(quan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)綜(zong)合體(ti)系中找到最佳平衡解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方式(shi)，需要(yao)從工(gong)(gong)業(ye)用(yong)戶領域(yu)的(de)高度電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)未來(lai)入(ru)手(shou)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高比例和工(gong)(gong)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)勢必會加(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)矛盾加(jia)(jia)劇，更需要(yao)以能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)系重(zhong)構思(si)(si)維(wei)去入(ru)手(shou)，利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)自身(shen)(shen)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)其中一部分(fen)，再利(li)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)用(yong)熱領域(yu)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)一部分(fen)，剩下一部分(fen)需要(yao)用(yong)燃氣水電(dian)(dian)(dian)等調峰機(ji)組來(lai)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)，是碳達峰碳中和綠色發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)多路徑發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方式(shi)。更需要(yao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)管理部門，從電(dian)(dian)(dian)力和工(gong)(gong)業(ye)雙領域(yu)著手(shou)策劃推(tui)進低(di)碳發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)政策支撐，避免過去“水多了加(jia)(jia)面(mian)，面(mian)多了加(jia)(jia)水”的(de)直(zhi)線思(si)(si)維(wei)，向柔性(xing)多維(wei)思(si)(si)維(wei)方式(shi)轉變，讓光熱高溫(wen)熔鹽新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)在工(gong)(gong)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力領域(yu)的(de)最大利(li)用(yong)價值，助力實現碳達峰碳中和快速(su)(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)路徑。

最(zui)后，介紹一(yi)下光熱(re)(re)高(gao)溫熔鹽新(xin)型儲能(neng)技術的推動者，山西常晟新(xin)能(neng)源科技是(shi)熔鹽儲熱(re)(re)領域集研發(fa)、設計、生產、銷售和安裝為一(yi)體的高(gao)端裝備制(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)(shang)、系統(tong)集成商(shang)(shang)，也(ye)是(shi)高(gao)新(xin)技術企(qi)業(ye)。研發(fa)成果已用(yong)于(yu)光熱(re)(re)發(fa)電儲熱(re)(re)、棄(qi)風(feng)棄(qi)光熔鹽蓄熱(re)(re)式供(gong)熱(re)(re)、熔鹽蓄熱(re)(re)調峰電站、間歇高(gao)溫工業(ye)余熱(re)(re)回收(shou)領域以及為需要蒸汽的企(qi)業(ye)提新(xin)型儲能(neng)系統(tong)。公司是(shi)全國工商(shang)(shang)聯新(xin)能(neng)源商(shang)(shang)會(hui)副會(hui)長(chang)單(dan)位、全國熔鹽行(xing)業(ye)協會(hui)副會(hui)長(chang)單(dan)位，是(shi)太陽(yang)能(neng)熔鹽（硝(xiao)基型）產品(pin)的國家標(biao)準制(zhi)定者之一(yi)。

截止到2020年10月份，公司為敦煌(huang)(huang)100MW塔(ta)(ta)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)、敦煌(huang)(huang)50MW菲涅爾(er)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)、海西(xi)格爾(er)木(mu)50MW塔(ta)(ta)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)、內蒙古烏拉特(te)中旗100MW槽式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)、海南州(zhou)共和50MW塔(ta)(ta)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)、哈密50MW塔(ta)(ta)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)等國(guo)內大部分(fen)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)儲能光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)累計提供高純度(du)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)10萬噸(dun)以(yi)上，占據(ju)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)儲能所需(xu)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)供應80%以(yi)上的市場(chang)(chang)份額，實現了(le)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)核心材料進口(kou)替代，一(yi)躍成為熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)儲能市場(chang)(chang)領軍企業（注：熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)由硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)和硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉等按一(yi)定混合(he)組成，其(qi)中硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)屬于國(guo)內稀缺(que)資(zi)源，價(jia)格遠高于硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉，國(guo)內達到熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)儲熱(re)(re)所需(xu)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)材料標準的企業較少）。

圖10棄(qi)風棄(qi)光熔(rong)鹽儲能綜合利用示意圖

公司依托(tuo)強大(da)的熔鹽制造能力，已經形成“光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱、熔鹽材料+儲(chu)(chu)能系統(tong)”的系統(tong)集(ji)成和金融服務體(ti)系，將各種(zhong)低成本的光(guang)(guang)(guang)、電(dian)及余(yu)熱，經過熔鹽儲(chu)(chu)能系統(tong)收集(ji)，為(wei)工(gong)業企業、用(yong)(yong)(yong)熱客(ke)戶等(deng)提供穩定(ding)、持(chi)續、高品質的工(gong)業蒸汽、熱水及電(dian)力。依托(tuo)熔鹽儲(chu)(chu)能系統(tong)大(da)規(gui)模儲(chu)(chu)熱能力，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發電(dian)、電(dian)網削(xue)峰(feng)填谷(gu)、余(yu)熱利用(yong)(yong)(yong)、工(gong)業蒸汽、清潔(jie)供熱等(deng)諸(zhu)多清潔(jie)能源利用(yong)(yong)(yong)領域，滿足未來工(gong)業和電(dian)力能源低碳綠色發展(zhan)需要。

公司(si)愿與行業伙伴共(gong)同推(tui)動光熱高溫(wen)熔鹽(yan)新型儲能(neng)技術，加(jia)速在構建新能(neng)源為主(zhu)體電力系統中(zhong)提(ti)供新型儲能(neng)應用技術，在工業綠(lv)色(se)低(di)(di)碳發展領域中(zhong)提(ti)供低(di)(di)碳路徑(jing)零碳目標解決方案(an)，為共(gong)同推(tui)進(jin)碳達峰目標碳中(zhong)和愿景共(gong)享(xiang)低(di)(di)碳綠(lv)色(se)能(neng)源發展模(mo)式。

歡迎(ying)（王工13810518839）和(he)大(da)家一起共同推動新型儲能技術(shu)的工業電力領域應(ying)用(yong)。