2020年可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)持續保持高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展2020年,國(guo)(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局深(shen)入(ru)貫徹(che)黨(dang)中央、國(guo)(guo)務院關于統(tong)籌疫情防(fang)控(kong)和經濟社(she)會發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的決(jue)策(ce)部署,緊緊圍繞“四個革命、一個合作”能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全新戰略和碳達峰碳中和目標實現(xian),以壯大清潔能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業為重點,著力加(jia)強行(xing)業管(guan)理(li),著力發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)市場機(ji)制作用,不斷優(you)化可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展布(bu)局,努力推動可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)規模穩步擴(kuo)大。
截至2020年底,我國可再生能源發電裝機達到9.34億千瓦,同比增長約17.5%;其中,水電裝機3.7億千瓦(其中抽水蓄能3149萬千瓦)、風電裝機2.81億千瓦、光伏發電裝機2.53億千瓦、生物質發電裝機2952萬千瓦。可再生能源發電量持續增長。2020年,全國可再生能源發電量達22148億千瓦時,同比增長約8.4%。其中,水電13552億千瓦時,同比增長4.1%;風電4665億千瓦時,同比增長約15%;光伏發電2605億千瓦時,同比增長16.1%;生物質發電1326億千瓦時,同比增長約19.4%。
可再生能源保持(chi)高(gao)(gao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)水(shui)平。2020年(nian),全國主要流域棄(qi)水(shui)電量約301億(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi),水(shui)能利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)約96.61%,較(jiao)上年(nian)同期提高(gao)(gao)0.73個百分點(dian);全國棄(qi)風電量約166億(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi),平均(jun)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)97%,較(jiao)上年(nian)同期提高(gao)(gao)1個百分點(dian);全國棄(qi)光電量52.6億(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi),平均(jun)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)98%,與(yu)去年(nian)平均(jun)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)持(chi)平。
1.水電建設和運行情況
2020年,全(quan)國(guo)(guo)新增(zeng)(zeng)水電(dian)并網容量1323萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),新增(zeng)(zeng)裝機較多的(de)省份(fen)為四(si)川413萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),云南340萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)和安徽136萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),占全(quan)部新增(zeng)(zeng)裝機的(de)67.13%。2020年,全(quan)國(guo)(guo)水電(dian)發電(dian)量排(pai)名前五位的(de)省(區)依次為四(si)川3541億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)、云南2960億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)、湖北1647億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)、貴州831億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)和廣西614億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi),其(qi)合計水電(dian)發電(dian)量占全(quan)國(guo)(guo)水電(dian)發電(dian)量的(de)70.79%。
2020年(nian),全(quan)國水(shui)電(dian)平均利用(yong)小時(shi)數(shu)為(wei)3827小時(shi),同比(bi)增(zeng)加(jia)130小時(shi)。2020年(nian),全(quan)國主要(yao)(yao)流(liu)(liu)域棄(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)電(dian)量約(yue)301億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),較(jiao)(jiao)去年(nian)同期減少46億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。棄(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)主要(yao)(yao)發生(sheng)在四川省(sheng),其主要(yao)(yao)流(liu)(liu)域棄(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)電(dian)量約(yue)202億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),較(jiao)(jiao)去年(nian)同期減少77億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),主要(yao)(yao)集中(zhong)在大渡(du)河干流(liu)(liu),約(yue)占(zhan)全(quan)省(sheng)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)電(dian)量的53%;青(qing)海省(sheng)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)較(jiao)(jiao)去年(nian)有所增(zeng)加(jia),棄(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)約(yue)40億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),比(bi)去年(nian)同期增(zeng)加(jia)18.5億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi);其他省(sheng)份棄(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)電(dian)量維(wei)持較(jiao)(jiao)低水(shui)平。
2.風電建設和運行情況
2020年,全國風電(dian)新增并網裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機7167萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),其中(zhong)陸上風電(dian)新增裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機6861萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、海上風電(dian)新增裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機306萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。從(cong)新增裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機分布看(kan),中(zhong)東部和南方地區占比約40%,“三北”地區占60%。到2020年底,全國風電(dian)累(lei)計(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機2.81億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),其中(zhong)陸上風電(dian)累(lei)計(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機2.71億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、海上風電(dian)累(lei)計(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機約900萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。
2020年(nian),全國(guo)風電平(ping)均(jun)利用小(xiao)時(shi)數(shu)2097小(xiao)時(shi),風電平(ping)均(jun)利用小(xiao)時(shi)數(shu)較高的省(sheng)區中,福建2880小(xiao)時(shi)、云南2837小(xiao)時(shi)、廣(guang)西2745小(xiao)時(shi)、四川2537小(xiao)時(shi)。
2020年,全國平均棄風率3%,較去年同(tong)比下降(jiang)1個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點,尤其是新(xin)(xin)疆、甘肅、蒙(meng)西,棄風率同(tong)比顯著下降(jiang),新(xin)(xin)疆棄風率10.3%、甘肅棄風率6.4%、蒙(meng)西棄風率7%,同(tong)比分別下降(jiang)3.7、1.3、1.9個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點。
3.光伏發電并網運行情況
2020年,全國光(guang)伏新增裝機(ji)4820萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)集中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)光(guang)伏電站3268萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦、分布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏1552萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦。從新增裝機(ji)布(bu)局看,中(zhong)(zhong)東部和南(nan)方地區(qu)占比(bi)約(yue)36%,“三北(bei)(bei)”地區(qu)占64%。2020年,全國光(guang)伏平均利用小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)1160小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),平均利用小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)較(jiao)高的地區(qu)為東北(bei)(bei)地區(qu)1492小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),西(xi)北(bei)(bei)地區(qu)1264小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),華(hua)北(bei)(bei)地區(qu)1263小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)蒙西(xi)1626小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、蒙東1615小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、黑龍(long)江1516小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
2020年(nian),全國平均棄光率2%,與去(qu)年(nian)同期(qi)基本持平,光伏(fu)消納(na)問題較為(wei)突(tu)出的西北地區(qu)棄光率降至(zhi)4.8%,同比(bi)(bi)降低(di)1.1個(ge)百分點(dian),尤其是(shi)新疆(jiang)、甘(gan)肅棄光率進一步下降,分別(bie)為(wei)4.6%和2.2%,同比(bi)(bi)降低(di)2.8和2.0個(ge)百分點(dian)。
4.生物質發電建設和運行情況
2020年(nian)(nian),全國生物(wu)質(zhi)發(fa)(fa)電新(xin)增(zeng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)543萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),累計(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)達到(dao)2952萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),同比增(zeng)長22.6%;2020年(nian)(nian)生物(wu)質(zhi)發(fa)(fa)電量1326億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時,同比增(zeng)長19.4%,繼續保持穩(wen)步增(zeng)長勢頭(tou)。累計(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)排(pai)名(ming)前(qian)五位的(de)省(sheng)份是(shi)山(shan)東、廣(guang)東、江蘇(su)、浙(zhe)江和安(an)徽(hui),分別(bie)為(wei)365.5萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、282.4萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、242.0萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、240.1萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)和213.8萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa);新(xin)增(zeng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)較多的(de)省(sheng)份是(shi)山(shan)東、河南、浙(zhe)江、江蘇(su)和廣(guang)東,分別(bie)為(wei)67.7萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、64.6萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、41.7萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、38.9萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)和36.0萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa);年(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)電量排(pai)名(ming)前(qian)五位的(de)省(sheng)份是(shi)廣(guang)東、山(shan)東、江蘇(su)、浙(zhe)江和安(an)徽(hui),分別(bie)為(wei)166.4億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時、158.9億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時、125.5億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時、111.4億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時和110.7億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時。