2019年,各交(jiao)易(yi)中心(xin)累計完成交(jiao)易(yi)電量(liang)46558億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)時,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4.4%。其中,市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)電量(liang)20872億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)時,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)27.6%。此外,省(sheng)間(jian)市(shi)場(chang)化交(jiao)易(yi)電量(liang)完成4931億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)時,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)40.1%;省(sheng)內市(shi)場(chang)化交(jiao)易(yi)電量(liang)完成15941億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)時,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)24.2%。
近(jin)期,各(ge)地(di)(di)開始備(bei)戰2020年電(dian)力市場化交(jiao)易(yi),規模(mo)也陸續公布。記(ji)者梳(shu)理(li)發現,各(ge)地(di)(di)電(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)規模(mo)較2019年有大幅提升(sheng),目前(qian)全國已(yi)公布的市場化交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)量合計超過萬億(yi)千(qian)瓦時。
記者2月(yue)26日也從北京電(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)易(yi)中心舉行的年度信息發(fa)布會(hui)(以下(xia)簡(jian)稱“發(fa)布會(hui)”)上了解到,近年來我國電(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)易(yi)規模不斷擴大,交(jiao)易(yi)形(xing)(xing)式多樣,2020年將(jiang)繼續改革(ge)創新組(zu)織(zhi)平臺和組(zu)織(zhi)形(xing)(xing)式。
電力交易規模逐年增長
北京電(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易中心(xin)發(fa)言人指出(chu),多年來,我國電(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易總規模持續增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長,市場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易電(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長迅速。2019年,各交(jiao)(jiao)易中心(xin)累(lei)計完成交(jiao)(jiao)易電(dian)量(liang)(liang)46558億千瓦時(shi)(shi),同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長4.4%。其中,市場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易電(dian)量(liang)(liang)20872億千瓦時(shi)(shi),同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長27.6%。此外,省(sheng)間市場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易電(dian)量(liang)(liang)完成4931億千瓦時(shi)(shi),同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長40.1%;省(sheng)內市場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易電(dian)量(liang)(liang)完成15941億千瓦時(shi)(shi),同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長24.2%。
同(tong)時,2020年(nian)電(dian)力交(jiao)易總規模將進一步擴(kuo)大。
廣(guang)東省電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中心日前公布的2020年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)度(du)雙邊協(xie)商交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)結(jie)果顯(xian)示(shi),總成交(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量達2117.13億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)。此前,廣(guang)東發(fa)布《關于(yu)2020年(nian)(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)規模和(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)準(zhun)入(ru)有關事宜的通知》,初步確(que)定今(jin)年(nian)(nian)廣(guang)東電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)約為2600億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi),較2019年(nian)(nian)增加(jia)600億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi);福建省工(gong)信廳此前發(fa)布的《關于(yu)開展2019年(nian)(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)的通知》提出,2020年(nian)(nian)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量約800億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi),較2019年(nian)(nian)同比增長100億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi);山西在《2020年(nian)(nian)度(du)省調(diao)(diao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量調(diao)(diao)控目標預(yu)案》中提到,全省發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量安排分為市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量1530.4億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)、基準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量701.11億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi),較2019年(nian)(nian)800億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)的交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)規模遞增幅度(du)接(jie)近50%。
公(gong)開數據顯示,目(mu)前已公(gong)布(bu)的江(jiang)蘇、廣東(dong)、浙江(jiang)、山西(xi)、四(si)川、福建(jian)、新疆、湖南(nan)、江(jiang)西(xi)9省(sheng)區2020年(nian)電(dian)力交易規模合計(ji)為12610.4億千(qian)瓦時(shi)。
省間交易促清潔能源消納
我(wo)國電(dian)力形勢(shi)復雜(za),多年來總體呈供需寬松狀態,特別是清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)源總體富余、裝機容(rong)量增長(chang)快速,但消納(na)(na)問題一直存在,而省間外(wai)送是能(neng)源富余地區消納(na)(na)、清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)源大范圍優化配(pei)置的有效途(tu)徑。
北京電力交(jiao)易中心發布的數據(ju)顯示(shi),2019年度(du),省(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)清潔能(neng)源(yuan)消納4601億(yi)千(qian)瓦時,同(tong)比增長3.9%。其中,水電省(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)外送電量(liang)完成3157億(yi)千(qian)瓦時,同(tong)比增長0.3%;新能(neng)源(yuan)省(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)外送電量(liang)880億(yi)千(qian)瓦時,同(tong)比增長21.8%。
記者(zhe)從發布會上了(le)解到,2020年電力(li)交易中心要保障清潔(jie)能源消納,擴大市場(chang)(chang)交易規模。經校核,2020年省間年度(du)交易市場(chang)(chang)形成各通(tong)道帶曲線交易結果(guo)2027億千(qian)瓦時(shi)。
上述發言人介紹,2020年,主要能(neng)(neng)(neng)源富(fu)集地區資(zi)源大范圍配置得到保(bao)障(zhang):西(xi)北外(wai)(wai)(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)量最多,達878億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi),其中(zhong)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源274億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi);華北受入電(dian)量最多,達934億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi),其中(zhong)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源232千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi),占(zhan)(zhan)25%。清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)量683億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi),占(zhan)(zhan)年度(du)市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)量的33.7%,能(neng)(neng)(neng)大力促進清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消納。“為準(zhun)確預測水(shui)(shui)(shui)情,保(bao)障(zhang)西(xi)南地區富(fu)余水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)可靠送(song)(song)出,有效緩解棄水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓力,四川富(fu)余水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)送(song)(song)華中(zhong)、華東(dong)地區交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)將在3-4月(yue)份集中(zhong)組織開展;2020年甘肅、青海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)外(wai)(wai)(wai)送(song)(song)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)規模35億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi);西(xi)藏(zang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)外(wai)(wai)(wai)送(song)(song)16億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi);四川水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)外(wai)(wai)(wai)送(song)(song)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)規模達46億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)。”
此外,2020年省間市場(chang)化交易(yi)組織方式也更靈活。年度(du)省間雙(shuang)邊洽談會促成(cheng)各發電(dian)企業與購電(dian)省公司雙(shuang)邊交易(yi)規模397億千瓦(wa)時;在(zai)省間年度(du)市場(chang)交易(yi)中(zhong)創新(xin)開展分(fen)時段(duan)競價(jia)(jia)交易(yi),探(tan)索通(tong)過市場(chang)化方式形成(cheng)分(fen)時價(jia)(jia)格(ge);開展多(duo)送電(dian)方向、多(duo)通(tong)道集中(zhong)競價(jia)(jia)交易(yi)。
業內專家(jia)指出,2020年省(sheng)間及省(sheng)內現貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場速(su)度將進一(yi)步加快,要(yao)根(gen)據電源(yuan)發(fa)電特性設計差異化(hua)出清方式,并(bing)發(fa)揮現貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場競價(jia)規則,完(wan)善省(sheng)間交易機制(zhi),打(da)破新能源(yuan)等電力(li)省(sheng)間壁壘(lei),促(cu)進省(sheng)間中長(chang)期市(shi)(shi)(shi)場和(he)現貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場有效銜接。
持續創新交易模式
上述(shu)發言人還指(zhi)出,2020年(nian)(nian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中心要持(chi)續擴(kuo)大市場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)規模(mo)。預計(ji)2020年(nian)(nian)國家電(dian)(dian)網經(jing)營區(qu)(qu)全(quan)社會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量同比增長3.5%。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)國家電(dian)(dian)網經(jing)營區(qu)(qu)新(xin)增發電(dian)(dian)裝機10934萬(wan)千(qian)瓦左右,預計(ji)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)365萬(wan)千(qian)瓦、火(huo)電(dian)(dian)3738萬(wan)千(qian)瓦、風電(dian)(dian)4183萬(wan)千(qian)瓦、太(tai)陽能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)2648萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。“要繼(ji)續完善年(nian)(nian)度(du)、月(yue)(yue)度(du)定期開市機制(zhi)(zhi),跟蹤(zong)各地電(dian)(dian)力供需平衡來水(shui)變(bian)化(hua)情況,靈活開展月(yue)(yue)度(du)、月(yue)(yue)內交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi),全(quan)力滿(man)足市場(chang)主體購(gou)售電(dian)(dian)需求(qiu)。并完善新(xin)能(neng)源與常(chang)規能(neng)源替代(dai)機制(zhi)(zhi),確保(bao)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)源優先消(xiao)納,創新(xin)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)源之(zhi)間、新(xin)能(neng)源與常(chang)規能(neng)源打捆交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)組織方式,鼓(gu)勵(li)通過市場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)實現更(geng)大范圍(wei)消(xiao)納清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)源。”
北京電力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心也表示,要不(bu)斷創新交(jiao)易(yi)平臺和組織(zhi)形式。2020年繼(ji)續完善(shan)雙掛雙摘、分時段(duan)競價等交(jiao)易(yi)機制規則,探索開展基于通道可用容量(liang)(ATC)的集中(zhong)(zhong)優化出清。
此(ci)(ci)外,交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)機構股(gu)(gu)份(fen)制改革創新也在逐步推進。此(ci)(ci)前(qian)北京電力交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中心(xin)引入10家(jia)投資者進行股(gu)(gu)份(fen)制改革。目(mu)前(qian),另有24家(jia)省級交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)機構出臺股(gu)(gu)份(fen)制改造方案,22家(jia)增資擴股(gu)(gu)實施方案已報國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院國(guo)(guo)資委審(shen)批,6家(jia)電力交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中心(xin)增資方案獲國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院國(guo)(guo)資委批復,實現進場掛牌。
在(zai)交易(yi)(yi)平臺(tai)方面,北京電(dian)(dian)力交易(yi)(yi)中心將研發手機App“e-交易(yi)(yi)”,現有功(gong)能(neng)可(ke)支撐發電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業、電(dian)(dian)力用(yong)戶(hu)等市(shi)場(chang)主體開(kai)展直接交易(yi)(yi)、發電(dian)(dian)權交易(yi)(yi)和抽蓄交易(yi)(yi),各(ge)市(shi)場(chang)主體也(ye)可(ke)在(zai)線(xian)開(kai)展OTC交易(yi)(yi)。