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CSPPLAZA光熱發電網訊：近日，在由中國(guo)電力(li)工程顧問(wen)集團西(xi)北電力(li)設(she)(she)計(ji)院有限公司、國(guo)家(jia)太陽能光熱(re)產業技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)戰略聯盟、CSPPLAZA光熱(re)發電平臺共(gong)同主辦、首航高科能源技(ji)術(shu)(shu)股份(fen)有限公司聯合主辦的2022中國(guo)風(feng)光熱(re)互補新(xin)能源基地開(kai)發大會(hui)(hui)(hui)上，全國(guo)工程設(she)(she)計(ji)大師、中國(guo)電機(ji)工程學(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)太陽能熱(re)發電專(zhuan)委會(hui)(hui)(hui)副主任(ren)委員兼秘書長(chang)、電力(li)規劃設(she)(she)計(ji)總院高級顧問(wen)孫(sun)銳就風(feng)光熱(re)儲新(xin)能源基地的開(kai)發方式和(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)原則作了(le)主題報(bao)告。

圖：孫銳作主題發言

孫(sun)銳指(zhi)出(chu)，在以(yi)(yi)新能(neng)源為主體的(de)(de)新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網側儲(chu)能(neng)的(de)(de)主要作(zuo)用(yong)是消納超出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)負(fu)荷需求的(de)(de)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)，并(bing)承擔系統調(diao)峰和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)支撐功能(neng)。光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是集發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)儲(chu)能(neng)為一體的(de)(de)具有同步發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸出(chu)特(te)性的(de)(de)非(fei)常寶貴的(de)(de)調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，具有長時(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)的(de)(de)優勢，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)連續24小時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，持續的(de)(de)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統提供轉動(dong)慣量和(he)(he)旋轉備(bei)用(yong)，它(ta)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)隨(sui)時(shi)根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)需求來調(diao)峰，在負(fu)荷高(gao)峰時(shi)段可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使出(chu)力(li)達到百分之百，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網不(bu)需要的(de)(de)時(shi)候可(ke)以(yi)(yi)把功率降到15%，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)替(ti)代煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組。這些特(te)性目前(qian)的(de)(de)抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)、壓(ya)縮空氣儲(chu)能(neng)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池儲(chu)能(neng)都無(wu)法與之媲美。

圖(tu)：電網側儲能和光熱發電在系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)示意(yi)圖(tu)

當(dang)前青(qing)海、甘肅、新疆(jiang)、吉林等地正在(zai)推進(jin)一(yi)批包含(han)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)風(feng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)儲一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)項目(mu)，對(dui)此孫銳表示(shi)，在(zai)缺乏光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價傳導機(ji)制的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，采(cai)用光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)打(da)捆的(de)(de)多能互補方(fang)式，按照(zhao)當(dang)地的(de)(de)燃煤基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)價上網(wang)，通過風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)利潤空間來彌補光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)虧(kui)損，這樣的(de)(de)做(zuo)法可(ke)以(yi)短期(qi)解決光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)市場需求，緩(huan)解光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產業鏈發(fa)生斷裂的(de)(de)危機(ji)。同時孫銳也指出了目(mu)前采(cai)用的(de)(de)風(feng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)儲一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)項目(mu)建設模式，在(zai)投資(zi)(zi)方(fang)的(de)(de)投資(zi)(zi)收益、光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組的(de)(de)運行調度方(fang)式、光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統配置、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)送(song)出線路的(de)(de)匯(hui)集等方(fang)面暴露出一(yi)些問題。

針對上述問題，對于(yu)風(feng)光熱儲(chu)一體(ti)(ti)化基地的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)，孫銳給出了一系列專業化建議：1）不能(neng)(neng)將零散的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)互補(bu)一體(ti)(ti)化項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)方式和(he)(he)技術原(yuan)則照搬到(dao)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)上，而(er)要(yao)把滿足發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地整體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)出特性要(yao)求作為(wei)首(shou)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標，根據當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)條件(jian)，系統(tong)研(yan)究各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理配比，特別是對其(qi)中(zhong)具有(you)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)調節功(gong)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量和(he)(he)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)要(yao)研(yan)究清楚(chu)。2）要(yao)根據發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地對不同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)要(yao)求，分別進(jin)行各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)價(jia)(jia)招標，通過市場競(jing)爭(zheng)方式確定各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)。3）在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形成機制完成市場化改革(ge)之前，參照抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)兩部(bu)(bu)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)模式，對光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)超出燃煤基準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分給予容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)補(bu)貼(tie)并(bing)傳導至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)中(zhong)，這(zhe)是簡單易行的(de)(de)(de)(de)解決辦法。【詳見(jian)如下演講全文(wen)】

更多精彩內容，請閱讀下面刊出的孫銳的演講全文：

孫銳(rui)：尊敬的各位專(zhuan)家，全體(ti)與會(hui)嘉賓(bin)，大(da)家下(xia)午(wu)好！很高(gao)興接受會(hui)議(yi)主(zhu)辦(ban)方(fang)的邀(yao)請，利(li)用這次大(da)會(hui)的機會(hui)，和大(da)家共(gong)同探討一(yi)下(xia)風光熱(re)儲新能源(yuan)基地開發方(fang)式和技(ji)術原則。今天主(zhu)要(yao)講三個問題：

第一、電力發展的趨勢以及面臨的挑戰

1、國(guo)家電(dian)力發展的現狀(zhuang)及趨(qu)勢

2021年底，全(quan)國(guo)電(dian)源總裝機(ji)容量達到了(le)23.8億千瓦，其中非化石能(neng)源發電(dian)占比(bi)(bi)(bi)達到45%，風電(dian)和(he)太(tai)陽能(neng)裝機(ji)容量占比(bi)(bi)(bi)達到了(le)26.7%，但是(shi)從發電(dian)量上看，風電(dian)和(he)太(tai)陽能(neng)發電(dian)量的占比(bi)(bi)(bi)為11.7%，這與裝機(ji)容量占比(bi)(bi)(bi)有一個差距，這個大家也能(neng)理解，就是(shi)風電(dian)和(he)光伏發電(dian)的利用小時數比(bi)(bi)(bi)較低。

按照(zhao)(zhao)我們國家提出的(de)(de)2030年(nian)碳(tan)達(da)(da)峰，2060年(nian)碳(tan)中和(he)(he)的(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)，清華(hua)大(da)學牽(qian)頭(tou)組織的(de)(de)團(tuan)隊(dui)對這(zhe)個路徑(jing)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)深(shen)(shen)入地(di)研究(jiu)，結(jie)論(lun)是(shi)：2050年(nian)全部的(de)(de)二(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)要實現(xian)凈零排(pai)(pai)放，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)要實現(xian)負(fu)排(pai)(pai)放。2050年(nian)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)總(zong)量(liang)需求(qiu)約51噸標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)煤(mei)，非(fei)化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)超過85%。按照(zhao)(zhao)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展戰略目(mu)標(biao)(biao)，由周孝信院士牽(qian)頭(tou)的(de)(de)團(tuan)隊(dui)對電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)發(fa)展的(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)深(shen)(shen)入的(de)(de)研究(jiu)，因(yin)為數據比(bi)較多，我簡(jian)單(dan)說(shuo)一下：2050年(nian)風電(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)要達(da)(da)到60%，2050年(nian)風電(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)要達(da)(da)到79%。所(suo)以(yi)大(da)家可以(yi)想(xiang)象(xiang)，在電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)裝(zhuang)機里面接近80%是(shi)風電(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)對電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)來說(shuo)，是(shi)一個非(fei)常巨大(da)的(de)(de)挑戰。所(suo)以(yi)，黨中央和(he)(he)國務院明確提出要構建(jian)以(yi)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主體的(de)(de)新型電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。

2、儲能和光熱發電在電力系(xi)統中的作(zuo)用

大家知道，光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的出力(li)(li)具(ju)有(you)隨機(ji)性(xing)，波動性(xing)和間歇性(xing)。隨著容量(liang)占(zhan)比(bi)的不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)增大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的可靠性(xing)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)下(xia)；隨著火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)的下(xia)降(jiang)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的轉動慣量(liang)越來(lai)越小，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)安全(quan)性(xing)的不(bu)利影響越來(lai)越大；具(ju)有(you)同步發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸出功率特(te)性(xing)的靈活調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源容量(liang)占(zhan)比(bi)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)下(xia)降(jiang)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)平(ping)衡難以保證。

為(wei)了滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)安全(quan)穩定供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)，儲(chu)能將會與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、負荷(he)并列，成(cheng)為(wei)新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)不可或(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)第四要素。傳(chuan)統(tong)系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)發(fa)供(gong)(gong)用同時完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)特性將被改變，原來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)負荷(he)是剛性的(de)(de)(de)，現(xian)在(zai)由于用戶側儲(chu)能的(de)(de)(de)加入(ru)也(ye)變成(cheng)了具(ju)有彈性；分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)各個環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)各種儲(chu)能設備和儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)，將創造電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量平衡(heng)新的(de)(de)(de)機制(zhi)和模式。

具(ju)有同(tong)步發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)功率輸(shu)出特性的低碳靈活調節(jie)電(dian)(dian)源是(shi)構(gou)建新型電(dian)(dian)力系統不可或缺(que)的重要(yao)支撐。抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)、光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)、壓縮空氣儲能(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)池儲能(neng)(neng)等，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)都(dou)將在未來(lai)的新型電(dian)(dian)力系統中(zhong)發(fa)揮重要(yao)的作(zuo)用。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)儲能(neng)(neng)和光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組在系統中(zhong)的主要(yao)作(zuo)用是(shi)什么？按照安裝地點劃分，分成用戶側(ce)儲能(neng)(neng)（也叫負(fu)荷側(ce)的儲能(neng)(neng)）、電(dian)(dian)源側(ce)儲能(neng)(neng)和電(dian)(dian)網側(ce)儲能(neng)(neng)。

首先(xian)看(kan)(kan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側儲(chu)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位置在(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)計(ji)量(liang)關口表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)端(duan)，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)方式完全(quan)由(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)自己根據(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)和峰谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)價的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)段(duan)進行(xing)控(kong)制。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力系統負荷低谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)段(duan)來儲(chu)能(neng)，在(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)需要電(dian)(dian)力時(shi)段(duan)釋能(neng)。這主要靠出臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)峰谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)分時(shi)銷售電(dian)(dian)價作為(wei)激勵，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)以節約用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本為(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)，可以根據(ju)當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)峰谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)價政策來決策是(shi)否安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)儲(chu)能(neng)以及(ji)它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)策略，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力系統而言，它(ta)(ta)可以起到(dao)削峰填谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。比較適宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)方式，目前(qian)來看(kan)(kan)就是(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池，也包括儲(chu)熱、蓄冰制冷(leng)，還包括電(dian)(dian)動車(che)等(deng)。

再看電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)安裝位置在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)計量關(guan)口表(biao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)應該說可以(yi)劃分成(cheng)兩個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，目前階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，因為(wei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)本還是(shi)(shi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較高的(de)，所以(yi)現在(zai)(zai)很多省級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司已(yi)經提(ti)出風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)項目必(bi)須配置10-20%容(rong)量、1-2小(xiao)時的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。按照(zhao)(zhao)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)配比(bi)(bi)(bi)，目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主要功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)消除風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)短時間(jian)、小(xiao)幅度的(de)功(gong)(gong)率波動(dong)，使出力(li)曲線能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)變的(de)平滑一些。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)容(rong)量占比(bi)(bi)(bi)較低，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)無(wu)法(fa)做到按照(zhao)(zhao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網要求的(de)定功(gong)(gong)率曲線上網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)運(yun)(yun)行特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和釋能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切換頻(pin)繁，所以(yi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較適宜(yi)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方式(shi)是(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網調(diao)度是(shi)(shi)不(bu)直接單獨調(diao)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)與風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)整(zheng)體調(diao)度。第二個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)是(shi)(shi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)本下降到一定程(cheng)度，上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制市(shi)場化改革(ge)完成(cheng)以(yi)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)可以(yi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)按照(zhao)(zhao)系統要求的(de)功(gong)(gong)率曲線運(yun)(yun)行的(de)，這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)容(rong)量占比(bi)(bi)(bi)就比(bi)(bi)(bi)較高了。這(zhe)種情況(kuang)下，不(bu)是(shi)(shi)按照(zhao)(zhao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)己確定的(de)功(gong)(gong)率曲線運(yun)(yun)行，而(er)是(shi)(shi)按照(zhao)(zhao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網需求的(de)功(gong)(gong)率曲線運(yun)(yun)行。比(bi)(bi)(bi)較適宜(yi)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方式(shi)是(shi)(shi)壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、儲(chu)(chu)(chu)熱型光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池等

再看(kan)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)的(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)就是安裝在(zai)公共的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)里(li)面(mian)的(de)(de)，傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)主要(yao)方式是抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)。它(ta)是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)負(fu)荷低谷(gu)時(shi)段儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，高(gao)峰時(shi)段釋能(neng)(neng)(neng)，即削峰填谷(gu)。隨著風電(dian)(dian)和光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)容量(liang)(liang)占比的(de)(de)加大(da)，棄(qi)風、棄(qi)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)會越來(lai)越大(da)，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)會有一些變(bian)化，它(ta)要(yao)吸納棄(qi)風、棄(qi)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，削峰填谷(gu)的(de)(de)作用逐(zhu)漸(jian)向用戶側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉移，因此，將來(lai)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)主要(yao)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)是吸收風電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)溢出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，同時(shi)，為系(xi)統(tong)(tong)提供電(dian)(dian)力(li)支撐。電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是由系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調度根(gen)據系(xi)統(tong)(tong)負(fu)荷的(de)(de)變(bian)化情況(kuang)隨時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)調用。比較適宜的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)方式是抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，還有儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)熱(re)型光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)。

光熱發(fa)電(dian)是(shi)集發(fa)電(dian)和長(chang)時儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)為一體(ti)的(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)同步發(fa)電(dian)機輸出特性的(de)(de)非(fei)常寶貴的(de)(de)調節電(dian)源(yuan)，它(ta)因為它(ta)具(ju)有(you)長(chang)時儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)的(de)(de)優勢，所以(yi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)連續24小時發(fa)電(dian)，持續的(de)(de)為電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統提(ti)供轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣量(liang)并(bing)作為旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)備(bei)用，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)隨時根據(ju)電(dian)網的(de)(de)需求來調峰，在負荷的(de)(de)高峰時段(duan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使機組(zu)(zu)功率(lv)達到(dao)百分之百，當系(xi)(xi)統不需要電(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)時段(duan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)把功率(lv)降到(dao)15%，它(ta)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)替代煤(mei)電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)，作為旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)備(bei)用和提(ti)供轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣量(liang)，這些(xie)優良(liang)特性是(shi)抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)、壓縮空氣儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)、電(dian)池儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)都無(wu)法與之相媲美的(de)(de)。

今年的(de)(de)5月份，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)改委和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局發(fa)(fa)(fa)布了(le)475號(hao)文，提出(chu)了(le)獨(du)立儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)概念。原文是(shi)：“具備獨(du)立計量(liang)、控制等技術(shu)條件，接入調(diao)度自動化系統(tong)可(ke)(ke)被電(dian)(dian)網(wang)監控和(he)(he)調(diao)度，符合相關(guan)標準(zhun)規范和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)運營(ying)機(ji)構等有(you)關(guan)方面要(yao)求，具有(you)法人(ren)資(zi)格(ge)的(de)(de)新型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)項(xiang)目(mu)，可(ke)(ke)轉為獨(du)立儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，作為獨(du)立主體參(can)與電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)”。獨(du)立儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時什(shen)么概念？就是(shi)不管(guan)是(shi)裝在(zai)(zai)用戶側(ce)(ce)，還(huan)是(shi)裝在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)，只要(yao)滿足(zu)上述這些條件，就可(ke)(ke)以作為一個獨(du)立的(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)項(xiang)目(mu)參(can)與電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)。文件中(zhong)鼓(gu)勵現在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)和(he)(he)用戶側(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，經過改造，轉化為獨(du)立儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。為什(shen)么？就是(shi)只有(you)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)掌握在(zai)(zai)調(diao)度的(de)(de)手里，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)更(geng)大的(de)(de)作用，獨(du)立儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)調(diao)度方式與電(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)相同的(de)(de)。

二、風光熱儲一體化項目的現狀

1、多能互補一(yi)體化項目的背景

2020年(nian)初(chu)，財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)(bu)、發(fa)(fa)改委(wei)、能源局聯(lian)合(he)頒布一個文(wen)件明(ming)(ming)確(que)：2021年(nian)底以后(hou)(hou)新增的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)再(zai)納入(ru)中央財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)補貼(tie)范圍；隨后(hou)(hou)2021年(nian)，發(fa)(fa)改委(wei)又發(fa)(fa)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)確(que)，2021年(nian)起，新核準的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)由當地(di)省級(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格主(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)門制定，上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)高于當地(di)燃煤基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)，基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)以內的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分由電(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司(si)結算。這(zhe)個文(wen)件將光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)權(quan)授予了(le)省級(ji)(ji)地(di)方政(zheng)(zheng)府，但(dan)是高出(chu)當地(di)燃煤基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分沒有辦(ban)法向后(hou)(hou)面傳導(dao)，那只能由地(di)方財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)來補貼(tie)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎都分布在欠發(fa)(fa)達地(di)區，地(di)方財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)根本就沒有能力(li)對它進(jin)行補貼(tie)。所(suo)以這(zhe)個政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)出(chu)來以后(hou)(hou)，馬上(shang)(shang)抑制了(le)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)市場需求，整個光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)行業陷入(ru)了(le)低谷，光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)產業鏈的(de)(de)(de)生存岌岌可(ke)危。

另一(yi)方面(mian)，隨(sui)著(zhu)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)占比的(de)(de)增加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統對新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)愈加迫切。所以國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源局根據這(zhe)種情(qing)況(kuang)出臺了(le)(le)多能(neng)互(hu)補一(yi)體化項目政策。就是(shi)可以將(jiang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)與風電(dian)(dian)(dian)或光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)打捆作為(wei)一(yi)體化的(de)(de)項目，通過風電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)的(de)(de)利潤空(kong)間(jian)來彌補光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)的(de)(de)虧損。這(zhe)個政策在緩解光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產業鏈的(de)(de)生存危機方面(mian)發(fa)(fa)揮了(le)(le)作用，也見(jian)到了(le)(le)成(cheng)效(xiao)。但我認為(wei)這(zhe)項政策是(shi)在缺乏光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價傳導(dao)機制情(qing)況(kuang)下的(de)(de)權宜之策。隨(sui)著(zhu)這(zhe)些(xie)項目的(de)(de)進展(zhan)，一(yi)些(xie)負面(mian)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)逐漸就被暴(bao)露出來了(le)(le)。

2、多能互補一(yi)體化項(xiang)目存在(zai)的主要問題

第一個問題是投資(zi)方(fang)的(de)(de)收(shou)益(yi)難以(yi)保(bao)障。對于(yu)多能互補一體化項目的(de)(de)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價，甘肅按(an)照當(dang)地的(de)(de)燃煤基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價上(shang)網(wang)，青海和(he)(he)新疆按(an)照當(dang)地光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價上(shang)網(wang)，因為(wei)執行的(de)(de)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價不同(tong)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)配比也就(jiu)產生(sheng)了差異。甘肅的(de)(de)配比要(yao)(yao)求1：6，青海和(he)(he)新疆因為(wei)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價比較低(di)，它的(de)(de)配比就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)1：9。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)配比完全是以(yi)現行的(de)(de)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價為(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，在滿(man)足(zu)投資(zi)方(fang)的(de)(de)最低(di)收(shou)益(yi)要(yao)(yao)求條件下，將風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)壓到最低(di)來(lai)確定(ding)的(de)(de)。問題是：在計(ji)算投資(zi)收(shou)益(yi)時(shi)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)都是按(an)照100%的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)可以(yi)上(shang)網(wang)來(lai)計(ji)算的(de)(de)，并沒有計(ji)算棄(qi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)(he)棄(qi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)對投資(zi)收(shou)益(yi)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)理想狀況是很能實(shi)現的(de)(de)，即使光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)配置(zhi)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱系統來(lai)儲存無法(fa)上(shang)網(wang)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，也要(yao)(yao)損失(shi)掉近(jin)三分之二，從而導(dao)致投資(zi)方(fang)的(de)(de)收(shou)益(yi)難以(yi)保(bao)障。

第二(er)個問題是(shi)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)調(diao)度(du)方式不正確。按照目前多(duo)能(neng)互(hu)補一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)項目的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)是(shi)對(dui)一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)項目整體實行(xing)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)調(diao)度(du)，不單(dan)獨調(diao)用(yong)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)。光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)優勢是(shi)長時間的(de)(de)(de)儲能(neng)，可以(yi)連續24小時發(fa)電(dian)(dian)，可以(yi)作為(wei)旋轉(zhuan)備用(yong)持續的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)供轉(zhuan)動(dong)慣量并隨時為(wei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)力支撐(cheng)，但(dan)是(shi)如果調(diao)度(du)不能(neng)單(dan)獨調(diao)用(yong)它，它在系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)就難以(yi)發(fa)揮(hui)了。前面(mian)講到，現在鼓勵將電(dian)(dian)源側和(he)負(fu)荷側的(de)(de)(de)儲能(neng)通過(guo)改造轉(zhuan)變成成獨立儲能(neng)，一(yi)(yi)定要調(diao)度(du)直接(jie)調(diao)用(yong)，才能(neng)在系(xi)統(tong)(tong)里發(fa)揮(hui)更大的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。所(suo)以(yi)我認為(wei)要充分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)在系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，將其改為(wei)獨立的(de)(de)(de)儲能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項目是(shi)大勢所(suo)趨。

第(di)三(san)個問題是光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)配置原則(ze)不合(he)理。由(you)于在(zai)整(zheng)個多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)互補(bu)一體化項目(mu)里(li)面(mian)，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)是虧(kui)損的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源，所(suo)以投(tou)(tou)資方從投(tou)(tou)資收益上(shang)來(lai)考慮，就盡可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)削(xue)減光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資，這(zhe)是投(tou)(tou)資方的(de)(de)無奈之舉。這(zhe)樣一來(lai)，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)削(xue)減聚(ju)光(guang)集(ji)熱(re)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)規模，現在(zai)同容量機組的(de)(de)聚(ju)光(guang)集(ji)熱(re)系統(tong)(tong)規模比(bi)第(di)一批示范(fan)項目(mu)減少了近(jin)一半(ban)，那它(ta)的(de)(de)整(zheng)年(nian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量還有(you)調節功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)就大打(da)折扣，有(you)的(de)(de)項目(mu)年(nian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量還沒有(you)光(guang)伏(fu)多(duo)。可以預見(jian)，這(zhe)批項目(mu)投(tou)(tou)運以后，系統(tong)(tong)調度對(dui)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)會有(you)所(suo)失(shi)望(wang)，因為(wei)聚(ju)光(guang)集(ji)熱(re)系統(tong)(tong)規模的(de)(de)限制，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)像(xiang)其(qi)他新型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用一樣，每天在(zai)負(fu)荷高峰時段發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)幾個小(xiao)時，而不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)連續(xu)(xu)24小(xiao)時作(zuo)為(wei)旋(xuan)轉備用、持續(xu)(xu)為(wei)系統(tong)(tong)提供轉動慣量，喪失(shi)了光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)長時儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)技術優勢。

第四個(ge)問題(ti)是送出的(de)(de)匯(hui)集方式不合理(li)。按照一(yi)(yi)體化項目(mu)的(de)(de)原則，要求項目(mu)中的(de)(de)各(ge)種電(dian)源都(dou)(dou)要匯(hui)集到一(yi)(yi)起，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)計量(liang)關(guan)口(kou)接入(ru)(ru)系統(tong)。但是往往風電(dian)、光(guang)伏和光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)的(de)(de)站址之間(jian)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)距離，如果(guo)都(dou)(dou)要先匯(hui)到一(yi)(yi)起，再接入(ru)(ru)系統(tong)，會提高匯(hui)集的(de)(de)成(cheng)本；如果(guo)有(you)多個(ge)項目(mu)集中在一(yi)(yi)個(ge)區域，匯(hui)集線(xian)路也會交叉零亂。因此，按照不同的(de)(de)地理(li)區域分(fen)別匯(hui)集更加(jia)合理(li)，只不過(guo)增(zeng)加(jia)計量(liang)關(guan)口(kou)表數量(liang)而已。

三、風光熱儲能源基地開發方式及技術原則。

1、風光熱(re)儲能(neng)源基地開發要點(dian)

風光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)儲(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)方式與前(qian)面講到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)互補(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)項(xiang)目是(shi)有(you)(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝機容量要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)上千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦(wa)，如(ru)果把它分(fen)成十(shi)多(duo)個(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)項(xiang)目，按照目前(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)方式來(lai)開(kai)(kai)展建設是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)出問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。兩者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)差(cha)別(bie)是(shi)：目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)項(xiang)目開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)方式是(shi)受(shou)制于當(dang)(dang)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)著眼點是(shi)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟性上，并沒(mei)有(you)(you)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)出特(te)(te)性提(ti)出硬性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。而發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)目標是(shi)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)不依賴(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統已有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)條件下(xia)(xia)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)自身電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)出特(te)(te)性要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿(man)足(zu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，經濟性則是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)確(que)(que)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)出特(te)(te)性基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第二個(ge)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素。因此我(wo)認為(wei)風光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)儲(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)方式有(you)(you)如(ru)下(xia)(xia)幾(ji)個(ge)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)點：首先要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)展系統研究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，根據當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)條件和受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負荷(he)特(te)(te)性，來(lai)研究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)確(que)(que)定這個(ge)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量配(pei)比，特(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)把具有(you)(you)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)和靈活調節(jie)功能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)研究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)清楚(chu)，例如(ru)：基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)否(fou)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)24小時連續運行，在(zai)(zai)(zai)極端天氣條件下(xia)(xia)，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)沒(mei)有(you)(you)出力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，是(shi)否(fou)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利用(yong)天然(ran)氣發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保證一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率輸(shu)出。這些要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)都需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)過(guo)系統研究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)后(hou)確(que)(que)定，也是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)招(zhao)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)條件。當(dang)(dang)系統研究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)完成以后(hou)，第二個(ge)環節(jie)就是(shi)按照確(que)(que)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)種類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)和容量分(fen)別(bie)進行招(zhao)標，擅(shan)長做光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)商就投資光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)，擅(shan)長做風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就投資風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，擅(shan)長做光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)就投資光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)滿(man)足(zu)技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia)(xia)誰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)低誰中標。

第三個環節就是電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司與中標的(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)商簽訂具有(you)法(fa)律約(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)力的(de)長期購(gou)電(dian)合同(tong)(tong)，招標文(wen)件中對電(dian)源的(de)功(gong)能要求和考核(he)辦法(fa)及罰則都要寫入合同(tong)(tong)中。最(zui)后(hou)的(de)環節就是按照(zhao)雙方簽訂的(de)合同(tong)(tong)來履約(yue)(yue)(yue)。嚴格(ge)履約(yue)(yue)(yue)合同(tong)(tong)條款，對防止電(dian)源開(kai)(kai)發(fa)商通過(guo)降低電(dian)源功(gong)能實現低價中標是至關重要的(de)。

上面(mian)講的(de)幾(ji)個(ge)新能(neng)源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)基地的(de)開發(fa)(fa)要(yao)(yao)點，是(shi)(shi)建立在(zai)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)上網電(dian)(dian)價形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)機制完成(cheng)(cheng)市場化改革(ge)基礎上的(de)，在(zai)缺乏(fa)上網電(dian)(dian)價的(de)傳導(dao)機制情況下，就(jiu)(jiu)很難實施。我國要(yao)(yao)實現碳(tan)中和，我們的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)肯(ken)定是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)提高的(de)，雖(sui)然(ran)現在(zai)風電(dian)(dian)和光伏的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)已經(jing)低于燃煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)，但是(shi)(shi)疊加系統(tong)為它配套的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)后(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)比燃煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)高多了。按照市場經(jing)濟(ji)規(gui)律，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)提高一定是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)向用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)側傳導(dao)的(de)。當(dang)然(ran)，地方政府(fu)是(shi)(shi)可(ke)以根據自己的(de)財(cai)政能(neng)力(li)，對(dui)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)補(bu)貼(tie)的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)進行補(bu)貼(tie)的(de)，這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)不僅是(shi)(shi)地方納稅人，也是(shi)(shi)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源基金的(de)貢獻者。

關于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制，今年2月10號，發(fa)(fa)改委、國(guo)家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局聯合發(fa)(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)《關于完善(shan)綠色低碳轉型(xing)體制和(he)(he)政策(ce)措施意見(jian)》里面提出，要完善(shan)支持太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)等調節性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格補償機制。現在按(an)照燃(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)來(lai)采購光熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是不(bu)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)，通過(guo)一體化項目中的(de)(de)(de)光伏(fu)和(he)(he)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)彌補光熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)虧損，并不(bu)是長久之計。按(an)照目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)，政府部(bu)(bu)門先(xian)確定了一個不(bu)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)光熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)，開發(fa)(fa)商(shang)再來(lai)根(gen)據上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)確定光熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，這是本(ben)末倒(dao)置的(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)以(yi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形成機制的(de)(de)(de)市場化改革(ge)是當務(wu)之急。這一改革(ge)需要一定的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，在完成市場化改革(ge)之前(qian)，參照抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)兩部(bu)(bu)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)方式，對光熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給予(yu)一定的(de)(de)(de)容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)補貼并向后端傳導(dao)，是比較(jiao)簡單(dan)易(yi)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)。

2、風光熱(re)儲能源基地開發技術原則

風光(guang)熱儲能源基地開發技術原(yuan)則主要(yao)有這(zhe)么幾點(dian)：

1）根據當(dang)地的資源情況(kuang)和特高壓輸電通(tong)道設計的功(gong)(gong)率曲線，包括輸電量，輸電功(gong)(gong)率，時間上的分(fen)布，合(he)理選擇風(feng)電和光(guang)伏的配比，因為風(feng)電與光(guang)伏發電存在季節出力(li)互補性和日出力(li)互補性。

2）根(gen)據輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)通道最低的保障(zhang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，來(lai)確定(ding)(ding)光熱發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)和(he)儲(chu)能的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)，因為(wei)光伏的功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)保障(zhang)幾乎是沒有的，風(feng)電(dian)(dian)的功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)保障(zhang)也就10%。例如：一(yi)(yi)條輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)通道輸(shu)送功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)800萬千瓦，最低保障(zhang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)60%，接近500萬千瓦，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)必須靠光熱發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)或者(zhe)儲(chu)能的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)來(lai)保障(zhang)。在(zai)極端氣象條件下，如果仍(reng)然需要(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸(shu)送，光熱發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組要(yao)(yao)(yao)配(pei)置備用(yong)的天然氣系統(tong)，這(zhe)個備用(yong)成(cheng)本與備用(yong)燃(ran)汽(qi)輪(lun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組相比要(yao)(yao)(yao)低得多，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是配(pei)置燃(ran)用(yong)天然氣的熔鹽加熱爐，后(hou)面(mian)的系統(tong)全是光熱發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)自身具有的。

3）基(ji)地還需要適當(dang)配置其他的(de)(de)新型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統，如：壓縮空氣儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，不(bu)是(shi)說(shuo)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發電(dian)基(ji)地有了光(guang)(guang)熱發電(dian)，就不(bu)需要其他的(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)了，因(yin)為(wei)大家都(dou)知(zhi)道(dao)，利(li)用光(guang)(guang)熱發電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統要把風電(dian)和光(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)電(dian)量轉(zhuan)成熱儲(chu)存起來(lai)，再轉(zhuan)成電(dian)是(shi)沒問(wen)題，但是(shi)它的(de)(de)損失(shi)是(shi)比較大的(de)(de)，要損失(shi)2/3；而相對來(lai)說(shuo)，壓縮空氣儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)效率可以做(zuo)到70%，電(dian)池(chi)更高可以做(zuo)到80%，當(dang)然(ran)，系(xi)(xi)統轉(zhuan)化效率不(bu)是(shi)唯一的(de)(de)衡量因(yin)素，關鍵(jian)還是(shi)要看儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)成本。任何(he)一項技術(shu)都(dou)是(shi)即有長(chang)處(chu)、又有短處(chu)，各有各的(de)(de)用處(chu)，關鍵(jian)是(shi)如何(he)做(zuo)好各種儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)配比，使(shi)其各盡(jin)所能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

4）在光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)裝機容(rong)量確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)后，光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)要(yao)(yao)依據發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地對(dui)光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)位確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。主要(yao)(yao)是對(dui)聚(ju)光(guang)集熱(re)(re)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)規(gui)模和儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)深入的(de)(de)(de)優化。聚(ju)光(guang)集熱(re)(re)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)規(gui)模和儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)容(rong)量對(dui)光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)影響非常大，同(tong)(tong)一地點相同(tong)(tong)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)，由于(yu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站具(ju)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和調節(jie)功能(neng)可能(neng)是天(tian)(tian)壤(rang)之別。因此，光(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站內的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)必須要(yao)(yao)以滿(man)(man)足發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地對(dui)其要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)為要(yao)(yao)務。例如：發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)光(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站全年要(yao)(yao)24小時連續發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)(tong)時具(ju)有6小時滿(man)(man)功率的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力。那么在確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)光(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)時，就要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮在不同(tong)(tong)季節(jie)、光(guang)資(zi)源條(tiao)件變化的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，仍然可以滿(man)(man)足要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。在極(ji)端(duan)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)條(tiao)件下(xia)，通過天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)備(bei)用系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，也(ye)可以保(bao)證一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)功率輸出。

5）要(yao)(yao)注重對光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)址(zhi)的(de)(de)保護。不(bu)少(shao)地(di)方(fang)(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)在第(di)一(yi)(yi)批光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)示(shi)范項(xiang)(xiang)目開展(zhan)以后，都開展(zhan)了光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)的(de)(de)規劃工作。大家知道光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)址(zhi)要(yao)(yao)比(bi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求高得多(duo)，所以這些(xie)資源(yuan)非常(chang)寶貴。但(dan)是現在開展(zhan)風(feng)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)儲(chu)一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)項(xiang)(xiang)目建(jian)設以后，很多(duo)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)的(de)(de)站(zhan)址(zhi)占(zhan)用了已規劃的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)站(zhan)址(zhi)，那么將來如(ru)果這些(xie)地(di)方(fang)(fang)再要(yao)(yao)擴(kuo)大光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)規模，選(xuan)(xuan)址(zhi)就比(bi)較困(kun)難了。相對而言，風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)址(zhi)比(bi)較靈活，選(xuan)(xuan)址(zhi)要(yao)(yao)容易得多(duo)，沒有必要(yao)(yao)占(zhan)用光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)站(zhan)址(zhi)。

最后總結一下:

1、今年3月22號，國家發(fa)改委、國家能(neng)源局聯合發(fa)布的(de)(de)《“十四五”現代能(neng)源體系規劃》中明確，積極發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)太陽(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因(yin)地制宜建設天然氣調(diao)峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)儲(chu)熱(re)型太陽(yang)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，推動氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，太陽(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)融合發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，聯合運行，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作為新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的(de)(de)重(zhong)要支(zhi)撐技術(shu)之一，必將(jiang)大有作為。

2、建設風光(guang)熱(re)儲新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)，需要(yao)對新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)開(kai)展系(xi)統(tong)研究，合理確(que)定各種(zhong)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)容(rong)量配(pei)比(bi)，明確(que)主要(yao)調節電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)；根(gen)據(ju)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)對光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)要(yao)求，合理配(pei)置(zhi)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)的(de)各個系(xi)統(tong)規模；光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)以獨(du)立電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)方式(shi)上網，對于(yu)滿足電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)的(de)調峰、轉動慣量和旋轉備(bei)用等需求更為有利。

3、要使光熱(re)發電(dian)得(de)到更好的(de)(de)發展，必須解決上網電(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)導機制問題。在(zai)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)上網電(dian)價(jia)形成機制市場化改(gai)革完成之前，可(ke)以參(can)照抽水蓄能兩(liang)部制電(dian)價(jia)模式，給予光熱(re)發電(dian)一定(ding)的(de)(de)容量電(dian)價(jia)，是(shi)最簡單易(yi)行的(de)(de)解決辦法。

謝謝各位！