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日(ri)前，國家發改(gai)(gai)委(wei)印發《關于(yu)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)完善(shan)分時電價機(ji)(ji)制的通知》，要(yao)求在保持銷售電價總水平基本穩定(ding)的基礎上(shang)，進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)完善(shan)目(mu)錄分時電價機(ji)(ji)制，更好引導用戶削峰填(tian)谷、改(gai)(gai)善(shan)電力(li)供需狀況、促進新(xin)能源(yuan)消納(na)，為(wei)構建以新(xin)能源(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)體的新(xin)型電力(li)系(xi)統(tong)、保障電力(li)系(xi)統(tong)安全穩定(ding)經(jing)濟(ji)運行提供支撐。

文件(jian)要(yao)求要(yao)科(ke)學劃分峰谷時(shi)段，各地(di)要(yao)統籌考慮(lv)當(dang)地(di)電力系統峰谷差(cha)率、新能源裝機占比、系統調節能力等(deng)因(yin)素，合(he)理確定(ding)峰谷電價(jia)價(jia)差(cha)，上年(nian)或當(dang)年(nian)預計(ji)最(zui)大系統峰谷差(cha)率超(chao)過40%的地(di)方(fang)，峰谷電價(jia)價(jia)差(cha)原(yuan)則上不低(di)于4:1；其(qi)他地(di)方(fang)原(yuan)則上不低(di)于3:1。

此外，文件還(huan)要(yao)(yao)求各地(di)要(yao)(yao)結合實際(ji)情況在峰谷電(dian)價(jia)(jia)的基(ji)礎上(shang)推行(xing)尖(jian)峰電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制。尖(jian)峰時段(duan)(duan)根據前(qian)兩年當地(di)電(dian)力(li)(li)系統最高負(fu)(fu)荷(he)95%及以上(shang)用電(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)出(chu)現(xian)的時段(duan)(duan)合理確定，并考慮當年電(dian)力(li)(li)供需(xu)情況、天氣變化等因(yin)素(su)靈活調整；尖(jian)峰電(dian)價(jia)(jia)在峰段(duan)(duan)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)基(ji)礎上(shang)上(shang)浮比(bi)例原則上(shang)不低于20%。

文件如下：

國家發展改革委關于進一步完善分時電價機制的通知

發改價格〔2021〕1093號

各省(sheng)、自治區、直(zhi)轄市發展(zhan)改(gai)革委(wei)，國家電網(wang)有限公司(si)、中國南方(fang)電網(wang)有限責(ze)任(ren)公司(si)、內蒙(meng)古電力（集團）有限責(ze)任(ren)公司(si)：

為(wei)貫徹(che)落(luo)實(shi)黨中央、國務院(yuan)關(guan)于深化電(dian)(dian)價(jia)改革(ge)、完善電(dian)(dian)價(jia)形成(cheng)機制(zhi)(zhi)的決策部署，充分發揮分時電(dian)(dian)價(jia)信號作(zuo)用，服務以新能源(yuan)為(wei)主體(ti)的新型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統建設，促進能源(yuan)綠色低碳發展，現就進一步(bu)完善分時電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)有關(guan)事項通知(zhi)如下。

一、總體要求

適應(ying)新能(neng)(neng)源大(da)規模發(fa)展(zhan)、電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場加(jia)快建設、電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)峰谷特性變化(hua)等新形勢新要求(qiu)，持續深化(hua)電(dian)價市(shi)場化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)、充分發(fa)揮市(shi)場決定(ding)(ding)價格作用(yong)，形成有效的市(shi)場化(hua)分時電(dian)價信號。在保持銷售電(dian)價總水平基本穩定(ding)(ding)的基礎上，進(jin)一(yi)步完善目錄(lu)分時電(dian)價機制，更好引導(dao)用(yong)戶削峰填谷、改(gai)善電(dian)力(li)供需狀況、促(cu)進(jin)新能(neng)(neng)源消納(na)，為構(gou)建以新能(neng)(neng)源為主體(ti)的新型電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)、保障(zhang)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)安全穩定(ding)(ding)經濟運行提供支(zhi)撐(cheng)。

二、優化(hua)分時(shi)電(dian)價機制(zhi)

（一）完善峰谷(gu)電(dian)價機(ji)制。

1.科學劃分(fen)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)。各地要統籌考慮當地電(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)狀況(kuang)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷特性、新能源(yuan)(yuan)裝機(ji)占比(bi)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統調節(jie)能力等因素，將(jiang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統供需(xu)緊張、邊(bian)際供電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)高的時(shi)段(duan)(duan)確(que)定(ding)為高峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)，引導(dao)用(yong)戶節(jie)約用(yong)電(dian)(dian)、錯峰(feng)(feng)避峰(feng)(feng)；將(jiang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統供需(xu)寬松(song)、邊(bian)際供電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)低的時(shi)段(duan)(duan)確(que)定(ding)為低谷(gu)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)，促進新能源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納、引導(dao)用(yong)戶調整負荷。可再生能源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)比(bi)重高的地方，要充分(fen)考慮新能源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)出(chu)力波(bo)動，以及凈負荷曲線變化特性。

2.合理(li)(li)確定峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)。各地要統(tong)(tong)籌考慮當地電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)峰(feng)谷差(cha)率(lv)、新能源裝機占比、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調節能力(li)等因(yin)素，合理(li)(li)確定峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)，上年(nian)或(huo)當年(nian)預計最大系(xi)統(tong)(tong)峰(feng)谷差(cha)率(lv)超過40%的地方，峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)原(yuan)則上不低于(yu)4:1；其他地方原(yuan)則上不低于(yu)3:1。

（二）建立(li)(li)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制。各(ge)地要結合(he)實(shi)際情況在(zai)峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)推行尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制。尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)峰(feng)時段根據前兩年當地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)最高負荷(he)95%及以上(shang)(shang)(shang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(he)出現的時段合(he)理確定，并考(kao)慮當年電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)情況、天氣變化(hua)等因素靈活調整；尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)在(zai)峰(feng)段電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)浮比例原(yuan)則上(shang)(shang)(shang)不低于20%。熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯產機(ji)組和(he)可(ke)再生能源裝機(ji)占比大、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)階段性供大于求矛盾突(tu)出的地方，可(ke)參照(zhao)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制建立(li)(li)深(shen)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制。強化(hua)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)、深(shen)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力需(xu)求側管(guan)理政策的銜接協同，充分挖(wa)掘(jue)需(xu)求側調節(jie)能力。

（三(san)）健全季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制。日內用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷或電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供需關系具有(you)(you)明顯(xian)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性差異的(de)地(di)(di)方，要(yao)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)建立健全季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制，分季(ji)(ji)節(jie)劃分峰谷(gu)(gu)時段，合(he)理(li)設置(zhi)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性峰谷(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差；水電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)可再生(sheng)能源比重大的(de)地(di)(di)方，要(yao)統籌(chou)考慮風光水多能互補(bu)因(yin)素，進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)建立健全豐(feng)枯電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制，豐(feng)、枯時段應結合(he)多年(nian)來水、風光出力(li)特(te)性等(deng)情(qing)(qing)況合(he)理(li)劃分，電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)浮動比例根據(ju)系統供需情(qing)(qing)況合(he)理(li)設置(zhi)。鼓勵(li)北方地(di)(di)區研究制定季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)采暖(nuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政策，通(tong)過適當拉長低谷(gu)(gu)時段、降(jiang)低谷(gu)(gu)段電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)等(deng)方式，推動進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)降(jiang)低清潔取(qu)暖(nuan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本，有(you)(you)效保障居民(min)冬季(ji)(ji)清潔取(qu)暖(nuan)需求。

三、強化分時電價機(ji)制執行

（一）明(ming)確分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)執(zhi)行范(fan)圍。各地要(yao)加(jia)快將分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)執(zhi)行范(fan)圍擴大到除(chu)國家(jia)有專門規定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化鐵路牽引用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)外的(de)執(zhi)行工商(shang)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)；對部分(fen)(fen)(fen)不適宜錯峰(feng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)一般(ban)工商(shang)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)，可(ke)研究制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)（執(zhi)行分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)平均用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)），由用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)自行選(xuan)擇執(zhi)行；不得自行暫停分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)執(zhi)行或(huo)縮小執(zhi)行范(fan)圍，嚴禁以完善(shan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為名變相(xiang)實施優(you)惠電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)。鼓(gu)勵工商(shang)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)通(tong)過配置儲(chu)能、開展綜(zong)合(he)能源利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等方(fang)式降低(di)高(gao)峰(feng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷、增加(jia)低(di)谷用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，通(tong)過改變用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段來降低(di)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本。有條件的(de)地方(fang)，要(yao)按(an)程序推廣居民分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策，逐步(bu)拉大峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差(cha)。

（二）建立分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電價(jia)(jia)動態(tai)調整(zheng)機(ji)制。各地要根據當地電力(li)系(xi)統用(yong)電負(fu)荷或凈(jing)負(fu)荷特性變化，參考電力(li)現貨(huo)市場(chang)(chang)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電價(jia)(jia)信(xin)號，適時(shi)(shi)調整(zheng)目錄分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電價(jia)(jia)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)劃分(fen)(fen)、浮(fu)動比例。電力(li)現貨(huo)市場(chang)(chang)運(yun)行的地方要完(wan)善市場(chang)(chang)交易規則，合理(li)設定(ding)限價(jia)(jia)標準(zhun)，促(cu)進市場(chang)(chang)形成有效的分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電價(jia)(jia)信(xin)號，為目錄分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制動態(tai)調整(zheng)提(ti)供參考。

（三）完善市(shi)場(chang)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)戶執行方式。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)現貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)尚(shang)未(wei)運行的地方，要完善中長(chang)期市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)規則，指(zhi)導(dao)市(shi)場(chang)主體簽訂中長(chang)期交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)同時(shi)申報用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)、反映各時(shi)段價(jia)(jia)格(ge)，原則上峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差不低于目錄分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)的峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差。市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)同未(wei)申報用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)或未(wei)形成分時(shi)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)的，結算時(shi)購電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)應(ying)按目錄分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制規定的峰(feng)谷(gu)時(shi)段及浮動(dong)比例執行。

四、加強分時電價(jia)機制實施保障

（一(yi)）精心組織實(shi)施(shi)。各(ge)地要充(chong)分(fen)認(ren)識(shi)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步完善(shan)分(fen)時電價機制(zhi)(zhi)的重(zhong)要性、緊迫性和復雜(za)性，在充(chong)分(fen)聽取各(ge)方面意見(jian)建(jian)議基(ji)礎上，結合(he)當地實(shi)際，研究制(zhi)(zhi)定進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步完善(shan)分(fen)時電價機制(zhi)(zhi)的具體措施(shi)，有(you)關落實(shi)情況請(qing)于2021年12月(yue)底前報(bao)我委。

（二(er)）做(zuo)好執(zhi)行(xing)評估(gu)。各地要密切(qie)跟蹤(zong)當地電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統峰谷特性變化(hua)，動態掌握分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制執(zhi)行(xing)情況(kuang)，深(shen)入(ru)評估(gu)分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制執(zhi)行(xing)效果(guo)，發現問(wen)題及(ji)時(shi)按程序研究解決(jue)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業要對分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)收入(ru)情況(kuang)單獨歸集、單獨反映，產(chan)生的盈虧在下一(yi)監管周(zhou)期省級電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)核(he)定時(shi)統籌(chou)考慮。

（三）強(qiang)化(hua)宣(xuan)傳引導。各地要(yao)采取多種形式(shi)全面準確解(jie)讀分時電(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)，宣(xuan)傳分時電(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)在保(bao)障電(dian)力(li)安全供應、促(cu)進新能源消納、提(ti)升系統運(yun)行效率等方(fang)面的重要(yao)作(zuo)用，爭取各方(fang)理解(jie)支(zhi)持，加(jia)強(qiang)輿(yu)情監(jian)測預警，及時回應社會(hui)關切(qie)，確保(bao)分時電(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)平(ping)穩實施。

現行政策(ce)與本(ben)通知不符的，以本(ben)通知規定為準。

國家發展改革委

2021年7月26日(ri)

附：國家發展改革委有關負責同志就《關于進一步完善分時電價機制的通知》答記者問

日前，國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展改革(ge)委印發(fa)《關于進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)完(wan)善分時(shi)電(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制的通知》，部(bu)署各地進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)完(wan)善分時(shi)電(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制，服務以(yi)新能源為主體的新型電(dian)力系(xi)統建設，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)能源綠(lv)色低碳發(fa)展。就(jiu)《通知》內容(rong)，國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展改革(ge)委有關負責同志回答了記者提(ti)問。

問：什(shen)么是(shi)分(fen)時(shi)電價機制(zhi)，為什(shen)么要(yao)實施分(fen)時(shi)電價機制(zhi)？

答：電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)無法大規模存儲，生產與消費(fei)需要實時平衡，不(bu)同用電(dian)(dian)(dian)時段(duan)所耗用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)資(zi)源不(bu)同，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)差異很大。在(zai)集中(zhong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)的高(gao)峰時段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)求(qiu)緊張(zhang)，為保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)，在(zai)輸配環(huan)節需要加強電(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設(she)、保障輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力(li)(li)，在(zai)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)節需要調動高(gao)成(cheng)本(ben)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組頂峰發電(dian)(dian)(dian)，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)相對(dui)較高(gao)；反之，在(zai)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)較少的低(di)谷(gu)時段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)求(qiu)寬(kuan)松，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)的機(ji)組發電(dian)(dian)(dian)即(ji)可保障供(gong)(gong)應(ying)，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)相對(dui)較低(di)。

分時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)是(shi)基于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能時間價值(zhi)設計的(de)，是(shi)引導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶削峰(feng)填(tian)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)、保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統安全穩定經(jing)濟(ji)運(yun)行的(de)一(yi)項重要(yao)機(ji)制(zhi)安排。分時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)又可進(jin)一(yi)步分為峰(feng)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)、季節性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)等。峰(feng)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)是(shi)將一(yi)天劃(hua)分為高峰(feng)、平(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)、低谷(gu)(gu)(gu)，季節性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)是(shi)將峰(feng)平(ping)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)時段(duan)(duan)(duan)劃(hua)分進(jin)一(yi)步按夏(xia)季、非夏(xia)季等作差別化安排，對(dui)各時段(duan)(duan)(duan)分別制(zhi)定不同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價水平(ping)，使(shi)分時段(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價水平(ping)更加接(jie)近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)，以充分發揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價信號(hao)作用(yong)，引導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶盡量在高峰(feng)時段(duan)(duan)(duan)少(shao)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、低谷(gu)(gu)(gu)時段(duan)(duan)(duan)多(duo)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從(cong)而保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統安全穩定運(yun)行，提升系統整體利用(yong)效(xiao)率、降低社會總(zong)體用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)。

問(wen)：現行分時電(dian)價機制(zhi)執行情況如何(he)，發揮了什么(me)作用，存在哪(na)些(xie)問(wen)題？

答：上世紀80年代初開(kai)始，我國(guo)逐步在(zai)各地(di)(di)(di)推(tui)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制。截至目(mu)前，已有(you)29個(ge)省份實施了(le)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制，各地(di)(di)(di)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制在(zai)具體執行(xing)(xing)上有(you)所不同。例如，各地(di)(di)(di)普遍按(an)日劃(hua)(hua)分(fen)(fen)峰(feng)(feng)、平、谷(gu)(gu)時(shi)段，執行(xing)(xing)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)(gu)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，部分(fen)(fen)省份在(zai)此(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)上增加了(le)尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)段；四川等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)按(an)月(yue)劃(hua)(hua)分(fen)(fen)豐(feng)水期(qi)(qi)、枯水期(qi)(qi)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)應(ying)緊(jin)張的(de)枯水期(qi)(qi)進(jin)一步執行(xing)(xing)豐(feng)枯電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)；上海(hai)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)按(an)季劃(hua)(hua)分(fen)(fen)夏季、非(fei)夏季，對盛夏用電(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)(feng)期(qi)(qi)執行(xing)(xing)更高的(de)季節性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。總體來看(kan)，各地(di)(di)(di)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制實施，有(you)力(li)(li)(li)促進(jin)了(le)需求(qiu)側移峰(feng)(feng)填谷(gu)(gu)，在(zai)緩解電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)需矛盾、保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)安全供(gong)應(ying)、提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統經(jing)濟性(xing)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)發揮了(le)重要作用。

當前，我國(guo)新能源(yuan)裝機規模不斷擴大，電(dian)(dian)力消費(fei)(fei)結構(gou)加(jia)快變(bian)化，用電(dian)(dian)負荷呈現(xian)冬(dong)夏“雙(shuang)高峰”特性，電(dian)(dian)力生產側(ce)與消費(fei)(fei)側(ce)雙(shuang)向大幅波(bo)動(dong)，保障電(dian)(dian)力安全經濟運(yun)行面(mian)臨更大挑戰，對(dui)進一步完(wan)善(shan)分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)提出了迫切要求。各地現(xian)行分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)已實(shi)施多年，在(zai)形勢(shi)明顯變(bian)化后，存在(zai)時段劃(hua)分(fen)不夠(gou)準(zhun)確、峰谷電(dian)(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差仍(reng)有拉大空間、尖峰電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)尚未全面(mian)建立，以及分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)價(jia)缺乏動(dong)態(tai)調整機制(zhi)(zhi)、與電(dian)(dian)力市場建設發展銜接(jie)不夠(gou)等(deng)問題，需要適應形勢(shi)變(bian)化進一步完(wan)善(shan)。

問：當前，進(jin)一步(bu)完善分(fen)時電價機(ji)制有何(he)積(ji)極意(yi)義？

答：當(dang)前，進一步完善分時電價機(ji)制(zhi)，無論對短(duan)期保障電力安全穩定經(jing)濟運行(xing)，還是(shi)對中長期實現碳(tan)達(da)峰、碳(tan)中和目標都具有積極意義。

近年來(lai)(lai)，我國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)結構快速變(bian)化，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)對氣溫變(bian)化更加(jia)敏感，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統負(fu)荷(he)夏、冬(dong)兩季(ji)尖峰(feng)(feng)(feng)化特(te)征日益突出。據統計(ji)，各地(di)夏季(ji)最(zui)熱(re)、冬(dong)季(ji)最(zui)冷時(shi)段的全年累計(ji)時(shi)間(jian)普遍(bian)低于60個小(xiao)時(shi)，但對應的尖峰(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需求可較平時(shi)高出1億千瓦以上，保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統安全穩(wen)定運(yun)行面臨更大挑戰，去年以來(lai)(lai)部(bu)分(fen)地(di)方已不得不實(shi)施有(you)序用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。進(jin)一步完善分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制，特(te)別是(shi)優化峰(feng)(feng)(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制、出臺(tai)尖峰(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制，有(you)利(li)于充分(fen)發揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)價信號(hao)作(zuo)用(yong)，引導用(yong)戶錯峰(feng)(feng)(feng)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，盡可能(neng)少地(di)啟(qi)動有(you)序用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統安全穩(wen)定運(yun)行，降低經濟社會運(yun)行成本。

同(tong)時，進一步完善(shan)分時電(dian)價，特別是合理拉大峰谷(gu)電(dian)價價差，有(you)利于引導(dao)用(yong)(yong)戶在電(dian)力系統低谷(gu)時段多用(yong)(yong)電(dian)，并為抽(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)、新型儲(chu)能(neng)發展(zhan)創(chuang)造更大空間(jian)，這(zhe)對促進風電(dian)、光伏發電(dian)等新能(neng)源加快發展(zhan)、有(you)效消納，著眼中長期實現碳達峰、碳中和目標具(ju)有(you)積極(ji)意義(yi)。

問：進(jin)一步(bu)完(wan)善(shan)分(fen)時電價機制，主要完(wan)善(shan)了(le)哪些內容？

答(da)：此次(ci)主(zhu)要從六個方面對現行分(fen)時電價機制作了進一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善：

一是優化(hua)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制。要求各地(di)結合(he)當地(di)情況積極優化(hua)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制，統(tong)籌考慮(lv)當地(di)電(dian)(dian)力供需狀(zhuang)況、新能(neng)源裝機(ji)占比(bi)等因(yin)素，科(ke)學劃分(fen)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)時段，合(he)理確(que)定(ding)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)(jia)差，系統(tong)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)差率超過40%的地(di)方(fang)，峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)(jia)差原(yuan)則上不低于4:1；其他地(di)方(fang)原(yuan)則上不低于3:1。

二是(shi)建(jian)立尖(jian)(jian)峰電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制。要(yao)求各地在峰谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)的基(ji)礎上推行尖(jian)(jian)峰電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制，主要(yao)基(ji)于系統最高負荷情況(kuang)合理確定尖(jian)(jian)峰時段(duan)，尖(jian)(jian)峰電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)在峰段(duan)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)基(ji)礎上上浮(fu)比例原則上不低于20%。可(ke)參照尖(jian)(jian)峰電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制建(jian)立深谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制。

三是(shi)建(jian)立健全(quan)季(ji)節性電(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)和豐枯電(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)。要求日內用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷或電(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)關系具有明顯季(ji)節性差異的地(di)方(fang)，健全(quan)季(ji)節性電(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)；水電(dian)(dian)等可再(zai)生能源比重大的地(di)方(fang)，建(jian)立健全(quan)豐枯電(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)，合(he)理(li)確定(ding)時段劃分、電(dian)(dian)價浮(fu)動(dong)比例。

四是明確分時電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)執行(xing)范(fan)(fan)圍。要求各(ge)地加快將分時電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)執行(xing)范(fan)(fan)圍擴大到除國家有專(zhuan)門規定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化鐵路牽引用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)外的(de)(de)執行(xing)工商業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶(hu)；對(dui)部分不(bu)適宜錯峰用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)一般工商業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶(hu)，可研究(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)定平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，由用(yong)戶(hu)自行(xing)選擇執行(xing)。

五是(shi)建立動(dong)態調整(zheng)機制。要求各地(di)根據當地(di)電(dian)力系統(tong)用電(dian)負(fu)荷(he)或凈負(fu)荷(he)特性變(bian)化，參考電(dian)力現貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)分時電(dian)價信號，適時調整(zheng)目錄(lu)分時電(dian)價時段(duan)劃(hua)分、浮動(dong)比例。

六是加強與電力(li)市(shi)場的(de)(de)銜(xian)接。要求電力(li)現貨(huo)市(shi)場尚未(wei)運(yun)行的(de)(de)地方，電力(li)中長期市(shi)場交易合同未(wei)申報用電曲線或未(wei)形(xing)成分時價(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)，結算時購(gou)電價(jia)格(ge)應(ying)按目錄分時電價(jia)機制(zhi)規(gui)定的(de)(de)峰(feng)谷(gu)時段及浮(fu)動比例執行。

問：進一步完善(shan)分時(shi)電價(jia)機制，最大的亮點是什么？

答(da)：剛才講到，此次(ci)主要(yao)從六個方(fang)面對現行分時電(dian)價(jia)機制作了進一(yi)步完善，亮點(dian)不少，其中最大的亮點(dian)是合(he)理拉大了峰(feng)谷電(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差，這為引導電(dian)力用戶削峰(feng)填谷、促(cu)進儲能加快(kuai)發展釋放了清(qing)晰強烈的價(jia)格(ge)信(xin)號。

合理的峰(feng)(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)(cha)，對發揮電(dian)(dian)價信號(hao)作用(yong)、引導(dao)電(dian)(dian)力用(yong)戶削峰(feng)(feng)(feng)填谷(gu)非常(chang)關鍵(jian)。此次完善，對合理設定(ding)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)(cha)提(ti)出了兩(liang)(liang)個方面的要求：一是(shi)(shi)要求電(dian)(dian)力系統峰(feng)(feng)(feng)谷(gu)差(cha)(cha)率超過40%的地方，峰(feng)(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)(cha)原(yuan)則上(shang)(shang)不低于4?1，其(qi)他地方原(yuan)則上(shang)(shang)不低于3?1；二是(shi)(shi)要求各地建立尖峰(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)價機制，尖峰(feng)(feng)(feng)時段根據(ju)前兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)當地電(dian)(dian)力系統最高負荷95%及以上(shang)(shang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷出現的時段合理確定(ding)，尖峰(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)價在峰(feng)(feng)(feng)段電(dian)(dian)價基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)浮比(bi)例原(yuan)則上(shang)(shang)不低于20%。

上述(shu)安排，既可確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統峰(feng)谷差(cha)大、安全穩定運(yun)行保障難度大的地方(fang)，能(neng)夠(gou)形成(cheng)有效的峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)，引導用(yong)戶(hu)在(zai)高峰(feng)時(shi)段少(shao)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、在(zai)低谷時(shi)段多用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并為抽水蓄能(neng)、新(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)等系統調(diao)節(jie)能(neng)力(li)加快發展提供更(geng)大空(kong)間，促進新(xin)能(neng)源的生產和(he)消納(na)；也兼顧(gu)到了系統峰(feng)谷差(cha)相對小的地方(fang)的實際情(qing)況，避免不必要的拉(la)大峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)影(ying)響(xiang)用(yong)戶(hu)正(zheng)常用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

問：進一步完善分(fen)時(shi)電價機制，對(dui)企業用電成本有何影(ying)響(xiang)？

答：此次進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善分時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制，繼續堅持(chi)了一(yi)項基本(ben)原則，即保持(chi)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)銷售電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)總(zong)水(shui)平(ping)基本(ben)穩定。也就是(shi)說，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善分時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制，對社會(hui)總(zong)體用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)影(ying)響(xiang)較(jiao)小，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)不會(hui)因此“多收錢”。具體看(kan)，由(you)于(yu)合理拉大了峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差，高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)會(hui)有(you)所上調(diao)，低(di)谷(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)會(hui)有(you)所下調(diao)，能夠錯峰(feng)(feng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)、在(zai)低(di)谷(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)會(hui)下降，在(zai)高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)會(hui)有(you)所上升，即需要承擔(dan)高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段增加的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，這符合“誰受(shou)益、誰承擔(dan)”的(de)(de)原則。考慮到部分商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)錯峰(feng)(feng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)難度(du)大，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)明確對部分不適宜錯峰(feng)(feng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)一(yi)般工商(shang)業(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)，各地可(ke)研究制定平(ping)均電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)，由(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)自行選擇。

需要指出的是，分時電(dian)價機制(zhi)的實施，可有(you)效減少(shao)一(yi)些不必要的輸(shu)配電(dian)、發電(dian)資源投入，提升(sheng)電(dian)力系統(tong)運行效率和經濟性，有(you)利于從總體上降低全(quan)社會用(yong)電(dian)成本。

問：進(jin)一步完善分時(shi)電價機(ji)制(zhi)，對居民用電價格有(you)影響嗎？

答：此次完善，明確(que)有(you)條件(jian)的地方，要按程序推廣居民(min)(min)峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價機(ji)制，逐(zhu)步拉大峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價價差(cha)，引(yin)導居民(min)(min)用戶在高峰(feng)時(shi)段(duan)少用電(dian)、低谷(gu)時(shi)段(duan)多用電(dian)，發揮削峰(feng)填谷(gu)的作(zuo)用。

目(mu)前，有14個(ge)省份出臺(tai)了居(ju)民峰(feng)谷(gu)電價(jia)(jia)政策，峰(feng)谷(gu)電價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差相對較(jiao)小(xiao)，一(yi)些地方僅(jin)設定(ding)平(ping)段電價(jia)(jia)和(he)谷(gu)段電價(jia)(jia)，未設定(ding)高峰(feng)電價(jia)(jia)，且多數(shu)地方允(yun)許(xu)居(ju)民用(yong)戶自(zi)行(xing)選擇是(shi)否(fou)執行(xing)峰(feng)谷(gu)電價(jia)(jia)。總的(de)看，此(ci)次進一(yi)步完(wan)善(shan)分(fen)時電價(jia)(jia)機制，對居(ju)民用(yong)電價(jia)(jia)格的(de)影(ying)響較(jiao)小(xiao)。