在我國提出“30·60”雙碳目標的大背景下,如何實現綠色低碳高質量發展,成為擺在全社會面前的新考題和新使命。為應對碳達峰、碳中和目標帶來的新形勢、新任務,作為我國重要的能源基地,同時也是西部重要的生態安全大屏障,甘肅省提出要打造國家重要的現代能源綜合生產基地、儲備基地、輸出基地和戰略通道。
有關(guan)專家學者表示,“雙碳”目標的(de)提(ti)出為西(xi)北地區(qu)能(neng)源(yuan)產業轉(zhuan)型發(fa)展(zhan)指明(ming)了方向,未來,西(xi)部“風光大省”應積極(ji)作為,充分利用新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)存量(liang)優勢,加速完善新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)基礎設施建設、理順制約新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)管理體(ti)制等(deng)瓶頸,構建以新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)為主體(ti)的(de)新(xin)(xin)型電力(li)系統。
借力“雙碳”,甘肅新能源發展擴容迎新機遇
調研中,記者了解(jie)到,甘肅(su)能源結構“富煤、貧油、少氣、風(feng)光(guang)優(you)渥”的(de)特(te)點突出(chu),新(xin)能源基(ji)礎(chu)雄厚(hou),已(yi)建(jian)成(cheng)酒泉(quan)千(qian)(qian)萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)級(ji)風(feng)電基(ji)地(di)和張(zhang)掖、金昌、武(wu)威(wei)、酒泉(quan)四個百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)級(ji)光(guang)伏發電基(ji)地(di),通渭百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)級(ji)風(feng)電基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設初(chu)見成(cheng)效。
特別是甘肅省風(feng)能(neng)、光能(neng)資源(yuan)豐富,資源(yuan)有(you)效(xiao)儲量分別為2.37億千瓦(wa)和1億千瓦(wa)以(yi)(yi)上,分別位(wei)居全國(guo)第五、第三,具備基地化(hua)、規模化(hua)、一體化(hua)開發的優(you)越條件(jian)。但此前,由于經濟(ji)發展程度(du)較低,以(yi)(yi)及新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發展的階段(duan)性、不連續(xu)性等特點(dian),甘肅的新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)產業被(bei)國(guo)家相關部門列入紅色預(yu)警名(ming)單,新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)投(tou)資受到(dao)極大限(xian)制。
“十(shi)三五(wu)”期間,甘肅(su)大力(li)(li)推動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)代(dai)替煤(mei)和(he)油(you)的消(xiao)費(fei)。截至(zhi)2020年(nian)底,甘肅(su)太陽能(neng)裝機981.55萬千(qian)瓦,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)裝機容量(liang)5620萬千(qian)瓦,以風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)太陽能(neng)為(wei)代(dai)表的新能(neng)源(yuan)裝機占比41.9%,成為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)內第一大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),包括(kuo)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的清(qing)潔能(neng)源(yuan)裝機占比達59%。2020年(nian),甘肅(su)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)1787億(yi)千(qian)瓦時,新能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)占比21.5%,遠高(gao)于全(quan)國平均水(shui)平9.5%,新能(neng)源(yuan)利用率(lv)達到95.28%,創歷(li)史最(zui)好水(shui)平,累計完成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)替代(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)432億(yi)千(qian)瓦時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)占終(zhong)端能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)比重(zhong)不(bu)斷提(ti)升。同時,通過加大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)外(wai)送(song),甘肅(su)與20個省(sheng)(sheng)市開展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)省(sheng)(sheng)際間輸送(song),大送(song)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的格局初步形成。
通過(guo)以上措(cuo)施,2020年3月,國家能源局發布新能源監(jian)測(ce)預(yu)(yu)警(jing)結果顯示,甘肅(su)風(feng)電預(yu)(yu)警(jing)結果總體為(wei)橙(cheng)色(se),其(qi)中(zhong)河東地區(qu)為(wei)綠色(se);光(guang)伏(fu)評價結果河西(xi)地區(qu)為(wei)橙(cheng)色(se),其(qi)他地區(qu)為(wei)綠色(se)。
甘肅(su)省新能(neng)(neng)源運行控(kong)制重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)實驗室主任汪寧渤表示,我國(guo)提出,到2030年(nian),風電(dian)(dian)、太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)總裝(zhuang)機容量達到12億(yi)千瓦(wa)以上(shang)。預(yu)計未來10年(nian),風電(dian)(dian)、太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)機至少增(zeng)加7.2億(yi)千瓦(wa),每年(nian)新增(zeng)裝(zhuang)機不(bu)少于1億(yi)千瓦(wa)。作為我國(guo)清潔能(neng)(neng)源開發(fa)利用和“西電(dian)(dian)東送”的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)區域,在(zai)“十四五(wu)”及今后一段時期內(nei),甘肅(su)省以風、光為主的(de)清潔能(neng)(neng)源將迎來新一輪(lun)大(da)規模發(fa)展機遇。
“可以說(shuo)(shuo),新能(neng)源發(fa)展將成為甘(gan)肅省按(an)期實(shi)現‘雙碳’目標(biao)和培育新的(de)經濟(ji)支柱產業的(de)關鍵(jian)所在。”甘(gan)肅省政府研究室發(fa)展戰略研究處(chu)處(chu)長(chang)薛昭軍說(shuo)(shuo)。
新能源產業發展壯大還需破解諸多難題
采(cai)訪中記者發現,盡管甘肅新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富,但(dan)全省能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生產和消費(fei)中,化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)仍占60%以上,尤其“一煤獨大”的格局未能(neng)(neng)根(gen)本改變。若以新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力為突破(po)口(kou)加速能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)結構調整(zheng),還需要(yao)破(po)解諸多(duo)難題。
據甘(gan)肅省(sheng)電(dian)力公司統計,目(mu)前(qian)甘(gan)肅省(sheng)電(dian)力總體上供大于求,屬于電(dian)能輸出型省(sheng)份,年均(jun)富余電(dian)量(liang)已超過300億千(qian)瓦時,并逐年增加。而與此相對應,甘(gan)肅省(sheng)僅有(you)祁韶(shao)直(zhi)流一(yi)條自有(you)輸電(dian)通道,遠少于寧夏、青海、新疆、陜西、內蒙古等周邊省(sheng)區。另外,由于祁韶(shao)直(zhi)流的配套火(huo)電(dian)廠機組未(wei)能完全建成投(tou)運(yun)(yun),導致祁韶(shao)直(zhi)流無(wu)法滿(man)功率運(yun)(yun)行。
汪寧渤介(jie)紹(shao),目(mu)前,甘肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統主要依靠煤電(dian)(dian)調峰(feng),系(xi)統現(xian)階段最大(da)調峰(feng)能力(li)僅730萬(wan)千瓦左右,而省(sheng)(sheng)內調峰(feng)實際需求為850到1050萬(wan)千瓦,且熱電(dian)(dian)機組占(zhan)比高,總規模占(zhan)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)總裝機的(de)60.9%,同時冬季供暖對系(xi)統調峰(feng)能力(li)影(ying)(ying)響也(ye)比較(jiao)大(da)。“十(shi)四五”期(qi)間,受煤電(dian)(dian)發(fa)展放緩(huan)、新能源(yuan)大(da)規模發(fa)展等因素影(ying)(ying)響,甘肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統調節能力(li)不(bu)足的(de)問題將愈加凸顯。如果(guo)核準(zhun)緩(huan)建、停(ting)建的(de)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)項目(mu)不(bu)能按期(qi)投運,調峰(feng)缺口達(da)到470萬(wan)到1560萬(wan)千瓦。
此外,與周邊臨(lin)近(jin)(jin)省(sheng)區相(xiang)比(bi),甘(gan)肅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)較高(gao),難(nan)以對綠色產業健康發展(zhan)形成新(xin)導(dao)向。記者采訪了解到(dao),受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)煤自給率(lv)不(bu)足、坑(keng)口電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站少(shao)和交叉補(bu)貼(tie)等因素影響,目前,甘(gan)肅火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)較寧夏和新(xin)疆分別高(gao)出(chu)4.83分錢(qian)和5.18分錢(qian)。近(jin)(jin)鄰青海主要以低(di)價(jia)(jia)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為主,占比(bi)超(chao)過(guo)66.7%,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)僅0.24元(yuan)/千瓦時(shi),比(bi)甘(gan)肅火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)低(di)6.78分錢(qian)。這也導(dao)致(zhi)不(bu)少(shao)高(gao)載(zai)能企業遭(zao)遇(yu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)困境,流走(zou)他省(sheng)。
構建“風光水火儲”一體化能源發展格局
專(zhuan)家和業(ye)內人(ren)士認(ren)為(wei),新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)發展(zhan)與常(chang)規能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)密切相關,不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)割裂開來看問(wen)題。據統計,2010到2019年(nian)間,甘(gan)肅一次電力(li)中新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費總量(liang)顯著上升,2012年(nian)超過石油,成為(wei)第二大消(xiao)費能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。薛昭(zhao)軍等專(zhuan)家認(ren)為(wei),甘(gan)肅省應該(gai)在(zai)盤活現有(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優勢基礎上,在(zai)新(xin)一輪以(yi)電為(wei)中心的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)格局構建中,構建培植優勢、搶占市場,著力(li)構建“風光水火(huo)儲”一體化的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)格局,最終邁(mai)向“雙碳”目標。
薛昭軍(jun)表示,到2025年,甘肅(su)應推動風(feng)光(guang)電裝(zhuang)機在(zai)現有規模基礎(chu)上翻一番,超過(guo)5000萬千瓦,可再生能(neng)源裝(zhuang)機占電源總裝(zhuang)機比例達到65%,同(tong)時大力推進風(feng)儲(chu)、光(guang)儲(chu)示范(fan)項目(mu)建設(she)。
“甘肅應在深度挖掘現有(you)調(diao)峰(feng)潛力(li)(li)的基礎上,統(tong)籌運(yun)(yun)用火電(dian)(dian)(dian)、抽水(shui)蓄能、燃(ran)氣(qi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)、儲能等(deng)調(diao)峰(feng)方式(shi),豐富電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)調(diao)峰(feng)手段,確保能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)安全穩定(ding)。”汪寧(ning)渤認(ren)為(wei),應統(tong)籌運(yun)(yun)用火電(dian)(dian)(dian)、抽水(shui)蓄能、燃(ran)氣(qi)等(deng)調(diao)峰(feng)手段,確保甘肅省能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)安全高(gao)效運(yun)(yun)行。
甘肅省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)力公司(si)副總經理孫濤認為(wei),需加(jia)快電(dian)(dian)力外送(song)通道(dao)建設(she),持續(xu)推進(jin)“綠電(dian)(dian)外送(song)”。在當前(qian)我國中(zhong)東部地區電(dian)(dian)力需求逐年上(shang)升的情(qing)況下(xia),在現有祁韶(shao)特(te)高壓輸電(dian)(dian)工程基礎上(shang),甘肅應繼續(xu)加(jia)大輸電(dian)(dian)外送(song)通道(dao)建設(she),加(jia)快“隴電(dian)(dian)”尤其新(xin)能源電(dian)(dian)力和常規能源電(dian)(dian)力向(xiang)華東、華中(zhong)、華南等經濟發達地區“打捆外送(song)”,同時,進(jin)一步與(yu)中(zhong)東部省(sheng)份(fen)廣泛簽訂電(dian)(dian)力扶貧協議,固(gu)化(hua)中(zhong)長(chang)期外送(song)交易份(fen)額。
同(tong)時,多位受訪(fang)專家(jia)建(jian)議,下(xia)一步甘肅應(ying)從降低(di)交叉補貼、加大電力(li)外送(song)、完善電力(li)市場建(jian)設等(deng)三方面入手,合(he)力(li)推動(dong)電價因素下(xia)降,通過電價疊加扶持和試點(dian)工業(ye)園區供(gong)用(yong)電體制改革(ge)等(deng)措施,對重點(dian)區域、重點(dian)行業(ye)、重點(dian)企業(ye)給予(yu)政策扶持,實現企業(ye)用(yong)能成(cheng)(cheng)本顯著降低(di),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)鮮(xian)明(ming)的高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)導向。
國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網甘肅省電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公司副總經(jing)理行舟(zhou)表示,未來,國(guo)網甘肅省電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公司將(jiang)推動構建(jian)以新(xin)能源(yuan)為主體的新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong),發揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)網資源(yuan)優化配置平臺(tai)作用(yong),促進能源(yuan)供給清(qing)潔化、低碳(tan)(tan)化,能源(yuan)消費高效化、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化,有力(li)支撐甘肅如期實(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)達峰、碳(tan)(tan)中和(he)目(mu)標。