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高峰，清華大學電機系本科、碩士，美國華盛頓大學電氣工程博士，教授級高級工程師。現任清華大學能源互聯網創新研究院副院長、數字化轉型研究室主任，兼任全國電器設備網絡通信接口標準化技術委員會副主任委員、國家能源互聯網產業及技術創新聯盟副秘書長、中國電力發展促進會電力數字化產業委員會副主席等。作為核心成員協助國家能源局編寫國家能源互聯網綱領性文件《關于推進“互聯網+”智慧能源發展的指導意見》、《能源技術創新“十三五”規劃》、《能源技術革命創新行動計劃（2016–2030年）》等政策文件，組織推進國家能源互聯網示范項目等多項重要工作。

3月15日，中(zhong)央財經(jing)委員(yuan)會(hui)第九(jiu)次會(hui)議提出深化電(dian)力(li)體(ti)制改(gai)革，構建以新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)主體(ti)的(de)新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)，為(wei)未來電(dian)力(li)發展(zhan)指(zhi)明(ming)了(le)方向。新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)具備哪(na)些(xie)特征(zheng)？構建新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)的(de)核心(xin)和關(guan)鍵是什么？如何(he)處理好(hao)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全和能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)綠色低(di)碳(tan)轉型(xing)的(de)關(guan)系？記者就以上問題專訪(fang)清華大學能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互聯網(wang)創新(xin)研(yan)究院(yuan)副院(yuan)長高峰。

記者：如何理解新型電力系統，這個新系統應具備哪些特征？

高峰：構(gou)建以(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主體的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黨(dang)中(zhong)央為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)明(ming)確方(fang)向(xiang)。2014年，中(zhong)央財經領(ling)導(dao)小組(zu)第六次(ci)會議提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)“四個(ge)(ge)(ge)革命、一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)合作(zuo)”的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)戰略，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)指(zhi)明(ming)了(le)(le)方(fang)向(xiang)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)業舉起能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命的(de)(de)大(da)旗，朝著這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)向(xiang)前行(xing)。多年來的(de)(de)實踐證明(ming)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)向(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非常(chang)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)指(zhi)引下，碳(tan)達(da)峰、碳(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)目(mu)標(biao)被提(ti)出(chu)(chu)來，給(gei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)具(ju)體的(de)(de)時間表。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)程、基于能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)所取得(de)的(de)(de)階段性(xing)(xing)成果而提(ti)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)。構(gou)建以(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主體的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)雙碳(tan)目(mu)標(biao)下能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命內涵的(de)(de)深化，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)指(zhi)明(ming)了(le)(le)方(fang)向(xiang)，也(ye)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)推(tui)進能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命、推(tui)進生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)建設、實現(xian)(xian)(xian)雙碳(tan)目(mu)標(biao)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)具(ju)體要(yao)求(qiu)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)應(ying)與(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著代際差(cha)異。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)差(cha)異也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)核心(xin)特(te)征(zheng)——以(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主體。據(ju)(ju)測算(suan),陸上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我國(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)最快的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類型，到(dao)(dao)2060年兩者裝機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)占比之和(he)(he)達(da)到(dao)(dao)約(yue)60%，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)占比之和(he)(he)達(da)到(dao)(dao)約(yue)35%。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)從現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)承載20%～30%的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機(ji)占比，到(dao)(dao)未(wei)來能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠承載60%以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占比。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從量(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)到(dao)(dao)質(zhi)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程。以(yi)(yi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)代際差(cha)異為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)還將(jiang)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)其他幾個(ge)(ge)(ge)支撐性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)具(ju)體特(te)征(zheng)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)特(te)征(zheng)，未(wei)來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)將(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)強(qiang)不確定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就需要(yao)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)得(de)到(dao)(dao)充分利用。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)端(duan)(duan)和(he)(he)負荷(he)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)將(jiang)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)(xian)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活和(he)(he)友好并網(wang)(wang)(wang)，靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)、天(tian)然氣(qi)機(ji)組(zu)和(he)(he)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站將(jiang)共(gong)同構(gou)成調峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)；另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)，未(wei)來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)將(jiang)從傳統(tong)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)輸配用的(de)(de)垂直(zhi)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)模式(shi)，轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)含多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)變(bian)(bian)換的(de)(de)功(gong)率與(yu)(yu)信(xin)息雙向(xiang)流動模式(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)化，實現(xian)(xian)(xian)軟件(jian)定(ding)(ding)義電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化特(te)征(zheng)，即(ji)泛在(zai)(zai)(zai)貫(guan)通(tong)，賦能(neng)(neng)(neng)高效。通(tong)過(guo)無處不在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)采集和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)貫(guan)通(tong)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)產、輸送、調度和(he)(he)消費賦能(neng)(neng)(neng)，以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)服務社會治理與(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，培育新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)產業，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)賦能(neng)(neng)(neng)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)多網(wang)(wang)(wang)協同，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)延伸特(te)征(zheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)將(jiang)與(yu)(yu)天(tian)然氣(qi)、交通(tong)、建筑(zhu)等多領(ling)域(yu)互(hu)聯互(hu)通(tong)，智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)將(jiang)與(yu)(yu)熱力(li)(li)(li)(li)管網(wang)(wang)(wang)、天(tian)然氣(qi)管網(wang)(wang)(wang)、交通(tong)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡進行(xing)互(hu)聯互(hu)通(tong)，形成綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)，構(gou)成綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)進新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納、實現(xian)(xian)(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)高效運行(xing)的(de)(de)有(you)效措(cuo)施。

記者：構建新型電力系統是一個革命性、系統性的工程，您認為其基礎和關鍵是什么？

高峰：構建新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)關鍵(jian)在(zai)于共建新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)態(tai)。發(fa)輸配用(yong)、源網荷(he)儲，整個(ge)產業(ye)(ye)鏈條上的(de)(de)各(ge)環(huan)節都需要實現協同(tong)，需要新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、化石能(neng)(neng)源企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、電(dian)(dian)網、用(yong)戶(hu)等共同(tong)參(can)與，共建生(sheng)態(tai)，合作推進(jin)。構建生(sheng)態(tai)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要手段是(shi)機(ji)制創新(xin)，通過(guo)(guo)新(xin)機(ji)制推動(dong)行業(ye)(ye)及社會各(ge)方積極參(can)與進(jin)來(lai)，增強實現轉型(xing)(xing)目(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)信心，逐漸形成(cheng)共同(tong)推動(dong)變(bian)革的(de)(de)行動(dong)自覺。構建新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)應以科技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)為引(yin)領。能(neng)(neng)源轉型(xing)(xing)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)長(chang)期的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程，而要加速轉型(xing)(xing)就要靠科技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)。“十四五”規劃和2035年遠景目(mu)標(biao)綱要在(zai)第一(yi)篇(pian)章(zhang)提出(chu)了發(fa)展目(mu)標(biao)之后，緊接著提出(chu)的(de)(de)第一(yi)方面(mian)重(zhong)點工(gong)作就是(shi)科技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)，這充分說(shuo)明(ming)了國家的(de)(de)核心發(fa)展方向是(shi)創新(xin)。對電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)來(lai)說(shuo)，傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)技(ji)(ji)術體系(xi)(xi)(xi)不適應大規模新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源和電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)裝備(bei)發(fa)展，儲能(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)、交直流配電(dian)(dian)網、智能(neng)(neng)傳(chuan)感(gan)、高端芯片等技(ji)(ji)術都亟(ji)待(dai)創新(xin)突破。新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)定是(shi)以新(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)技(ji)(ji)術體系(xi)(xi)(xi)為支(zhi)撐。

記者：對推動構建新型電力系統有什么具體建議？

高峰：能(neng)(neng)(neng)源互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)建(jian)設(she)過程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)理(li)念和(he)思(si)(si)維(wei)為我們推進(jin)新型(xing)電力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統建(jian)設(she)提供了重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式方(fang)(fang)法。這其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)兩(liang)個核(he)心(xin)(xin)要(yao)素，第(di)一(yi)(yi)個是(shi)以(yi)(yi)用戶為本，第(di)二個是(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統性(xing)、整體性(xing)、協同(tong)性(xing)思(si)(si)維(wei)。這緊(jin)扣我國以(yi)(yi)人民為中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)治國理(li)政(zheng)核(he)心(xin)(xin)理(li)念，也緊(jin)扣我國改(gai)革發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)寶貴經驗，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)升維(wei)思(si)(si)考(kao)(kao)破解(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源不可能(neng)(neng)(neng)三(san)角。可以(yi)(yi)預想，未來的(de)(de)(de)電力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統應該像互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，比用戶自身更了解(jie)其用能(neng)(neng)(neng)需(xu)求(qiu)，以(yi)(yi)平臺拉近供需(xu)距離，實現供需(xu)協同(tong)，大眾(zhong)廣(guang)泛參與，形(xing)(xing)成新型(xing)電力(li)生態，以(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統性(xing)思(si)(si)維(wei)推進(jin)多(duo)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)源協同(tong)、供給與消費(fei)協同(tong)、集中(zhong)(zhong)式與分(fen)布式協同(tong)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)(xin)就是(shi)構建(jian)以(yi)(yi)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源為主體的(de)(de)(de)新型(xing)電力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統，這與電力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統新的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)方(fang)(fang)向高度一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，與碳達峰、碳中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)的(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)要(yao)求(qiu)高度一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)是(shi)建(jian)設(she)清潔(jie)低(di)碳、安全高效的(de)(de)(de)現代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，推進(jin)實現碳達峰、碳中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)目標(biao)，推進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源生產和(he)消費(fei)革命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)支(zhi)撐。正是(shi)基于對能(neng)(neng)(neng)源革命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)深刻(ke)理(li)解(jie)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)建(jian)設(she)始終方(fang)(fang)向明確，目標(biao)篤(du)定。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源電力(li)行業需(xu)要(yao)把(ba)自身發展(zhan)放到(dao)國家大局中(zhong)(zhong)去考(kao)(kao)量，深刻(ke)理(li)解(jie)構建(jian)新型(xing)電力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向思(si)(si)路(lu)，堅定目標(biao)，增強(qiang)信(xin)心(xin)(xin)，形(xing)(xing)成合(he)力(li)。