國務(wu)院總理李(li)克(ke)強9月26日主(zhu)持召開(kai)國務(wu)院常務(wu)會(hui)議(yi),決(jue)定完善(shan)燃煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價形成(cheng)(cheng)機制,促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場化交(jiao)易,降低企業用電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本等。
為(wei)落實(shi)(shi)黨(dang)中央(yang)、國務(wu)院深化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體制(zhi)改(gai)革部署,加(jia)快以改(gai)革的辦法推(tui)進建立市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形成機制(zhi),會議決定(ding):抓住(zhu)當前燃(ran)煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量已(yi)占約50%、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)明顯低于標(biao)桿(gan)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)的時(shi)機,對尚未(wei)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易的燃(ran)煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量,從明年1月1日起(qi),取消煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格聯動(dong)機制(zhi),將(jiang)現(xian)(xian)行標(biao)桿(gan)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制(zhi),改(gai)為(wei)“基準價(jia)(jia)+上下(xia)浮(fu)動(dong)”的市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)機制(zhi)。基準價(jia)(jia)按各地現(xian)(xian)行燃(ran)煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)桿(gan)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)確(que)定(ding),浮(fu)動(dong)范圍為(wei)上浮(fu)不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)10%、下(xia)浮(fu)原(yuan)則(ze)上不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)15%,具體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)由發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)、售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用戶等通(tong)過(guo)(guo)協商或競價(jia)(jia)確(que)定(ding),但明年暫不(bu)上浮(fu),特別要(yao)確(que)保一(yi)般工商業(ye)平(ping)均(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)只降(jiang)不(bu)升(sheng)。
同時,居民、農業等(deng)民生范疇用電(dian)繼續執行現行目(mu)錄電(dian)價,確保穩定。
錦盈資本(ben)商品策略部經理毛雋認(ren)為,一方(fang)面,原有的(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)聯(lian)動機(ji)制(zhi)通過電(dian)(dian)價掛鉤煤(mei)(mei)價的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式,的(de)(de)(de)確(que)有利于(yu)將(jiang)發電(dian)(dian)成本(ben)順(shun)利向下游傳導(dao),避免出現煤(mei)(mei)企或電(dian)(dian)企“一方(fang)獨(du)大”的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang),在(zai)一段時間內(nei)完成了促進煤(mei)(mei)、電(dian)(dian)雙方(fang)利益(yi)均衡的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)命。
但另一方面,傳(chuan)統模(mo)式(shi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)煤電(dian)聯動(dong),一般以(yi)(yi)半年或一年為價(jia)格聯動(dong)周(zhou)期,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅存在其價(jia)格變動(dong)速(su)度(du)過慢的(de)滯后性特(te)征,還存在調(diao)(diao)整方式(shi)單調(diao)(diao)、敏感度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)佳的(de)缺陷,更無法解決國(guo)內電(dian)價(jia)如何(he)與經濟發展用電(dian)需求(qiu)有效市(shi)場化接軌的(de)定價(jia)機制(zhi)矛盾。在煤炭、電(dian)力行(xing)業內部(bu)一系列體制(zhi)性壁壘下(xia)(xia),僅僅以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)開放市(shi)場的(de)前(qian)提下(xia)(xia)提高電(dian)價(jia),會嚴重阻礙電(dian)力行(xing)業管理和技術革新的(de)自驅動(dong)力,長遠來看并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)于電(dian)力企業的(de)進步和發展。
事實上,自我國供(gong)給側結構性改革以(yi)來,受降成本、降電(dian)(dian)(dian)價的總體要求(qiu)制(zhi)(zhi)約,煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價格聯動機制(zhi)(zhi)基本已經陷入停滯狀態。當前燃煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)市場化交易電(dian)(dian)(dian)價明顯低(di)于標桿上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價,背后折射(she)出(chu)的正是全(quan)社會用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量增長乏力、非(fei)燃煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量占比提升的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場現狀。
“在這樣(yang)的電力供需形(xing)勢下,加速電力市場化改革(ge),大概率會增(zeng)大電價(jia)(jia)下調的空間,燃(ran)煤發電企業只能從煤價(jia)(jia)上尋求(qiu)更(geng)多的利(li)潤(run)空間,這意(yi)味(wei)著電廠對動力煤價(jia)(jia)格的壓(ya)價(jia)(jia)意(yi)愿會增(zeng)強。”國投安信期貨(huo)投資咨詢(xun)部(bu)研究員龔萍(ping)說。
將(jiang)(jiang)現行(xing)標桿(gan)上網電(dian)價(jia)機制,改為“基(ji)準價(jia)+上下浮動(dong)”的市場(chang)化(hua)機制,推進(jin)了(le)電(dian)價(jia)市場(chang)化(hua)的進(jin)程。與此(ci)同時(shi),浮動(dong)部分通過發(fa)電(dian)企業、售電(dian)公司、電(dian)力(li)用戶等協(xie)商或競(jing)價(jia)確定(ding),將(jiang)(jiang)發(fa)電(dian)、售電(dian)、用電(dian)各節點(dian)企業拉入同一個市場(chang)定(ding)價(jia)的機制中(zhong),有(you)利(li)于電(dian)價(jia)市場(chang)化(hua)的加速及(ji)全(quan)面實(shi)現。
在行業(ye)人士看(kan)來,當電(dian)價(jia)市場(chang)化達到(dao)(dao)一定的(de)有效高度后(hou),電(dian)力(li)生產(chan)部(bu)門管理增效、技術改革的(de)進程無疑會(hui)(hui)加(jia)快。從(cong)生產(chan)端看(kan),火電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)必然將(jiang)控制煤炭價(jia)格成本(ben)(目前平均約占(zhan)電(dian)價(jia)成本(ben)65%左右)及(ji)提升度電(dian)煤炭消(xiao)耗兩方(fang)面工(gong)作(zuo)推進到(dao)(dao)更重要(yao)的(de)層面,無形中(zhong)會(hui)(hui)對降低對動力(li)煤的(de)需求,以市場(chang)競爭的(de)機制推動煤價(jia)保持在對煤電(dian)雙(shuang)方(fang)利益更加(jia)均衡的(de)價(jia)格中(zhong)樞之中(zhong),同時(shi)也將(jiang)火電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)技術改進工(gong)作(zuo)不斷(duan)向前推進。
另外,競價模(mo)式還將(jiang)為未來新能(neng)源(yuan)消費打開空間,以邊(bian)際成本(ben)的競爭決定發電項目的上網優先權的良性發展模(mo)式,實現國家電改(gai)工作始終(zhong)倡導的“提(ti)高用(yong)能(neng)效率(lv)、降(jiang)低系統(tong)用(yong)能(neng)成本(ben)”的根(gen)本(ben)宗旨(zhi)。
“未來(lai),若能借(jie)助電價(jia)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化形成(cheng)機制的這股東風,再推動電力期貨等市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化工(gong)具的上市(shi)(shi)(shi),將煤(mei)炭(tan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)、電力市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)同步建(jian)設(she)成(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)機制定價(jia)、期貨工(gong)具齊全(quan)的多層次市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)體系,我國煤(mei)電市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化建(jian)設(she)工(gong)作將百(bai)尺竿頭更進一(yi)步。”毛雋(jun)說。