國(guo)(guo)家能源局(ju)最新數據顯示,截至2018年三季(ji)度,全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)新增(zeng)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并網(wang)容(rong)量(liang)1261萬千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa),累計風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并網(wang)容(rong)量(liang)達到(dao)1.76億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa);全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)2676億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時,同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長26%;風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備平均利用小(xiao)時數1565小(xiao)時,同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)加178小(xiao)時;全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)棄(qi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)222億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時,同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)減(jian)少74億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時,棄(qi)風(feng)率7.7%,創(chuang)近三年同(tong)期(qi)最低紀錄。
上半年,一(yi)系列促消(xiao)納政策(ce)出臺(tai),電(dian)力市場化交易(yi)和(he)跨省(sheng)跨區(qu)消(xiao)納形勢良好(hao),目前我(wo)國(guo)累計并網(wang)容量(liang)超(chao)過1000萬千瓦(wa)的風電(dian)大省(sheng)已經達到6個,拉(la)動(dong)(dong)風電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)增長(chang)的動(dong)(dong)力從三北地(di)區(qu)逐漸向(xiang)華(hua)北南(nan)部、華(hua)東地(di)區(qu)、南(nan)方地(di)區(qu)轉(zhuan)移(yi),特別是山西、河南(nan)、江蘇、陜西等地(di),風電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)和(he)風電(dian)設備(bei)利(li)用(yong)率增長(chang)趨勢明顯。全(quan)國(guo)棄(qi)風現(xian)象總體好(hao)轉(zhuan),東北、西北、華(hua)東地(di)區(qu)風電(dian)設備(bei)利(li)用(yong)率穩步提升,消(xiao)納問(wen)題得到了一(yi)定(ding)程度的解決(jue),對于早日實現(xian)平價上網(wang)非常有利(li)。
中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)傳媒(mei)電(dian)力(li)傳媒(mei)數據研發中(zhong)(zhong)心分析(xi)預計,在相(xiang)關政策的助推(tui)下,四季度全國風電(dian)裝機容量將繼(ji)續保持較(jiao)快增(zeng)長,風電(dian)消納問題得到進一步好轉(zhuan),風電(dian)平價上網條件將日趨成(cheng)熟。
華北地區內蒙古風電發展依舊領先
華北地(di)區(qu)風能資(zi)源豐富,尤(you)其內蒙古(gu)是我國風電裝機(ji)容量(liang)最高的省份(fen),截至三(san)季度(du)已(yi)達(da)到2832萬千(qian)瓦。北京、河北、山西(xi)、天(tian)津、山東三(san)季度(du)裝機(ji)容量(liang)分(fen)別為19萬千(qian)瓦、1241萬千(qian)瓦、978萬千(qian)瓦、52萬千(qian)瓦、1093萬千(qian)瓦。從新增裝機(ji)容量(liang)來看(kan),內蒙古(gu)依然領先,比(bi)去年(nian)同期增加199萬千(qian)瓦,山西(xi)、山東增幅較(jiao)高,分(fen)別為136萬千(qian)瓦、96萬千(qian)瓦。
從風電設(she)備利用(yong)率上看,華(hua)北地區(qu)(qu)整體處于(yu)較(jiao)高水平,河北、山(shan)西、內蒙古、山(shan)東分(fen)別達到1675小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)、1590小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)、1572小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)、1591小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi),高于(yu)全國平均(jun)水平110小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)、25小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)、7小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)、26小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)。與去年同期相(xiang)比,除天津下滑較(jiao)多外(wai),其他(ta)地區(qu)(qu)均(jun)有不(bu)同程度的增(zeng)長(chang),其中山(shan)西、山(shan)東分(fen)別增(zeng)長(chang)303小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)、324小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi),增(zeng)長(chang)幅度較(jiao)為突出。
中電(dian)傳媒(mei)電(dian)力(li)傳媒(mei)數(shu)據(ju)研發中心分(fen)析顯(xian)示,今(jin)年(nian)年(nian)初國家能(neng)源局把內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)從(cong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)建設(she)(she)紅色(se)預警降低為橙色(se),內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)、山(shan)西、河北(bei)(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)建設(she)(she)解禁,以及分(fen)散式風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)遍地(di)(di)開花,因此三季(ji)度(du)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)裝機增長(chang)依然保持上半年(nian)的(de)迅猛態勢,并且重心由華(hua)北(bei)(bei)北(bei)(bei)部向南部移動(dong)。隨著風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)供暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)推廣帶(dai)動(dong)、《京津冀一體化可再生(sheng)能(neng)源消納(na)實施方(fang)案》的(de)優(you)化配置(zhi)等多(duo)重政(zheng)策利好(hao),華(hua)北(bei)(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)的(de)消納(na)問題(ti)進(jin)一步得到(dao)緩解。預計,四季(ji)度(du)供暖(nuan)(nuan)季(ji)將(jiang)會繼續(xu)拉動(dong)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)設(she)(she)備利用率的(de)增長(chang)。
華中地區裝機容量普遍增長,河南成為黑馬
華中地(di)區(qu)(qu)是分(fen)散式風(feng)電發展(zhan)的(de)(de)重點(dian)區(qu)(qu)域之一。截至三季度(du)(du),河南、江西、湖(hu)北(bei)、湖(hu)南、四川風(feng)電裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量分(fen)別達到326萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、221萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、324萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、306萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、242萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa),重慶裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量較低,僅(jin)39萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。與去年同期相比(bi),華中地(di)區(qu)(qu)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量均(jun)有(you)不同程度(du)(du)的(de)(de)提高,其中河南增長(chang)幅度(du)(du)較大,達137萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。
從(cong)風電(dian)設備利(li)用率上看,華中地區風電(dian)設備利(li)用率總(zong)體低(di)于(yu)(yu)全國平均(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)平,河南(nan)、江西、四川風電(dian)設備平均(jun)(jun)(jun)利(li)用小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)數分別(bie)低(di)于(yu)(yu)全國平均(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)平209小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、138小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、20小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),而湖北(bei)、湖南(nan)、重(zhong)慶(qing)僅分別(bie)高于(yu)(yu)全國平均(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)平102小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、1小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、8小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。從(cong)同比來看,重(zhong)慶(qing)、四川分別(bie)下(xia)滑幅(fu)度(du)較為(wei)明顯(xian),分別(bie)達到182小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、216小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),其余省份均(jun)(jun)(jun)有小(xiao)(xiao)幅(fu)提升。
中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)媒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力傳(chuan)媒數據(ju)研發(fa)中心分析顯示,和去年(nian)(nian)(nian)普遍高(gao)于(yu)全國(guo)(guo)平均水(shui)平的(de)(de)情況相(xiang)反,今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)三季(ji)度(du)華中地區(qu)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備平均利(li)(li)用(yong)小時數整體低于(yu)全國(guo)(guo)水(shui)平,其原因一是棄(qi)風(feng)現象(xiang)得(de)到好(hao)轉(zhuan),全國(guo)(guo)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備利(li)(li)用(yong)率增(zeng)長迅速,華中地區(qu)的(de)(de)增(zeng)長速度(du)不及(ji)全國(guo)(guo)平均水(shui)平增(zeng)長得(de)快(kuai);二(er)是重慶、四川火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備利(li)(li)用(yong)率提(ti)升明顯,對清(qing)潔能源造(zao)成一定擠壓。值得(de)注意的(de)(de)是河南表現較為突出(chu)(chu),今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)印發(fa)的(de)(de)《河南省2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)大氣污(wu)染防治攻堅戰實施方案》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)要加快(kuai)開發(fa)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)資源,2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)全省風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機規模達到110萬千瓦以上,因此裝機容量和風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備利(li)(li)用(yong)率都有了明顯增(zeng)長。
東北地區風電設備利用率持續穩步增長
東北地區是適宜大(da)規模集中(zhong)建(jian)設風電基地的地區。截至三(san)季(ji)度,遼寧(ning)、吉林、黑龍(long)江風電裝機容量分別為739萬千(qian)瓦、514萬千(qian)瓦、586萬千(qian)瓦,與去年同期相比基本穩定(ding),沒有明顯增長。
從風電設(she)備利用率上看,東(dong)北(bei)地區風電設(she)備平(ping)均(jun)利用小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)僅遼寧達(da)1750小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),高(gao)于全國平(ping)均(jun)水平(ping),而吉林、黑龍江低于全國平(ping)均(jun)水平(ping),為(wei)1480小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、1467小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。與去(qu)年同期相比,東(dong)北(bei)地區增長較為(wei)明顯,分別高(gao)于去(qu)年同期219小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、234小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、116小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),自三年來(lai)一直在穩步增長。
中電(dian)傳媒電(dian)力(li)傳媒數據(ju)研發(fa)中心分(fen)析顯示,國(guo)家能(neng)源局發(fa)布的2018年(nian)(nian)度風(feng)電(dian)投資(zi)監(jian)測預(yu)警結(jie)果(guo)顯示,吉林(lin)為紅色預(yu)警區域(yu)(yu),黑龍江(jiang)為橙色預(yu)警區域(yu)(yu),因此東北地區的新增(zeng)風(feng)電(dian)裝機(ji)容量動力(li)不(bu)大。去(qu)年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)底黑龍江(jiang)發(fa)改委印(yin)發(fa)《黑龍江(jiang)省能(neng)源發(fa)展“十三五”規劃(hua)》提(ti)(ti)出(chu)因地制宜提(ti)(ti)高風(feng)能(neng)利用(yong)效率,積極開展分(fen)散式風(feng)電(dian)試(shi)點示范,近三年(nian)(nian)來東北地區風(feng)電(dian)設(she)備利用(yong)率穩步提(ti)(ti)升(sheng),預(yu)計東北地區有望(wang)從風(feng)電(dian)投資(zi)監(jian)測預(yu)警中逐漸退出(chu)。
華東地區海上風電、分散式風電成為新動力
華東地區(qu)的江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)、福建等地沿海區(qu)域風(feng)(feng)能資源豐富,近年來海上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電、分散式風(feng)(feng)電發展迅猛。截至三季度,江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)、福建風(feng)(feng)電裝機(ji)容量達791萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦、289千(qian)(qian)(qian)萬(wan)(wan),同比增(zeng)長165萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦、50萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦。浙江(jiang)、上(shang)海、安徽風(feng)(feng)電裝機(ji)容量分別為143萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦、71萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦、238萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦,較去(qu)年同期基本穩定(ding)。
從風電(dian)設備利用率上(shang)看,華東地區處于全國較高水平,并且(qie)近三(san)年來保持(chi)持(chi)續(xu)增長(chang)。江蘇、浙江、上(shang)海(hai)、安(an)徽、福建風電(dian)設備平均(jun)利用小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數分別為(wei)1857小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、1568小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、1909小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、1568小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、1722小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),高出(chu)(chu)全國平均(jun)水平292小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、3小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、344小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、3小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、157小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),同比(bi)增長(chang)459小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、165小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、276小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、84小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、112小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),表現較為(wei)突出(chu)(chu)。
中電傳媒電力傳媒數據研發中心分析(xi)顯示,華東(dong)地(di)區(qu)是我國的(de)(de)高負荷地(di)區(qu)之一,消納(na)能力較強,得益于各(ge)項(xiang)促消納(na)政策、相(xiang)關市(shi)場化交易的(de)(de)落實,風電利用率達到近(jin)三(san)年來(lai)最(zui)高水(shui)平。隨著海上風電、分散(san)式(shi)風電建設(she)的(de)(de)推進,預計(ji)華東(dong)地(di)區(qu)新增裝機將繼(ji)續上漲(zhang)。
南方地區拉動裝機新區域,風電消納仍有壓力
南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)區風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機整(zheng)體較(jiao)低(di),截至三季度,云(yun)南(nan)(nan)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機相(xiang)對較(jiao)高,為(wei)832萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。與(yu)去(qu)年同期(qi)相(xiang)比,南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)區普遍(bian)上漲(zhang),其中云(yun)南(nan)(nan)、廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)西增長較(jiao)多,分(fen)別為(wei)83萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、71萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),其余省份增長幅度較(jiao)小。今(jin)年上半年,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)東(dong)、廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)西分(fen)別印發《2018年廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)東(dong)省陸上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)第一批開發建設方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)通(tong)知》和《廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)西2018年風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)開發建設方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)》,預計南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)區將(jiang)成為(wei)拉動我國風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)增長的(de)新地(di)區。
從風(feng)電(dian)設(she)備利用率上看(kan),三(san)季度南(nan)方地(di)區風(feng)電(dian)設(she)備利用率變化相(xiang)對(dui)穩定(ding)(ding)。廣東、廣西增長速度較(jiao)快,同比增長了240小時(shi)(shi)、138小時(shi)(shi)。云南(nan)、貴州、海南(nan)分別為1848小時(shi)(shi)、1402小時(shi)(shi)、1119小時(shi)(shi),總(zong)體(ti)變化相(xiang)對(dui)穩定(ding)(ding)。
中電(dian)(dian)傳媒電(dian)(dian)力(li)傳媒數(shu)據研發(fa)中心(xin)分析顯示,雖然(ran)南方地區(qu)裝機整體偏低(di),但增(zeng)長趨勢(shi)明顯,隨著開發(fa)建設方案的(de)推動實施,南方地區(qu)將成為全國風電(dian)(dian)裝機的(de)新(xin)動力(li)。雖然(ran)風電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)利用率穩中有升,但南方地區(qu)水電(dian)(dian)大省較多(duo),風電(dian)(dian)消納的(de)壓力(li)依然(ran)存在。
西北地區陜西、青海上漲明顯,棄風率下降
西(xi)(xi)北地(di)區是(shi)(shi)我國風(feng)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量較為集中(zhong)的地(di)區,尤其是(shi)(shi)甘肅(su)、寧夏、新疆均超(chao)千(qian)(qian)萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),分別達(da)到(dao)1282萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、1001萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、1806萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)。由于新疆、甘肅(su)被國家能源局列入(ru)風(feng)電(dian)開發投資紅色預警(jing)區域,因此(ci)新增裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量基本沒(mei)有(you)變(bian)化(hua)。陜西(xi)(xi)、青海(hai)則脫穎(ying)而出成為黑(hei)馬,達(da)到(dao)405萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、267萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),同比增長了176萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、166萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),增長幅(fu)度(du)較大。
中(zhong)電傳(chuan)媒(mei)電力傳(chuan)媒(mei)數據研(yan)發中(zhong)心分析顯示,我國六個累計(ji)并網容量超(chao)過千萬千瓦的風(feng)電大省(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong),西(xi)北地(di)區占(zhan)到一半,持續多年的“北高南低”的風(feng)電裝(zhuang)機布局(ju)短期內難以改(gai)變,但拉動增(zeng)長(chang)的省(sheng)(sheng)份由傳(chuan)統風(feng)電大省(sheng)(sheng)向其他省(sheng)(sheng)份轉(zhuan)移(yi)。西(xi)北地(di)區的棄(qi)風(feng)問題得到了明顯好轉(zhuan),整(zheng)體(ti)風(feng)電設備利用率增(zeng)長(chang)明顯,而青海則面臨(lin)一定(ding)的棄(qi)風(feng)壓力。
綜合數據顯示,自2016年以來,我(wo)國風(feng)(feng)電發展進(jin)入新春天,風(feng)(feng)電設備利用率(lv)穩(wen)步(bu)提升(sheng),棄風(feng)(feng)率(lv)創近(jin)三年來新低,隨(sui)著政府政策的進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)加持和分散式風(feng)(feng)電的推進(jin),預計,風(feng)(feng)電消納問題將進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)得到(dao)緩解。