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強化系統本質安全持續保障穩定運行

中國工程院院士  舒印彪

習近平總書記(ji)強調(diao)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源保(bao)(bao)障和(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)事關國計民生(sheng)(sheng)，是須臾(yu)不可忽視(shi)的“國之大(da)者”。黨中央提出(chu)“雙碳”目標(biao)以來，各行(xing)各業迅速行(xing)動(dong)(dong)，積(ji)極推動(dong)(dong)建設(she)(she)清(qing)潔(jie)低碳、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)充裕、經濟高效、供需協同(tong)、靈活智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)產結(jie)構、運行(xing)機理、功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)形態等(deng)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)深刻復(fu)雜(za)變化，面(mian)臨電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)供與系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)穩定兩大(da)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)挑戰。一(yi)方面(mian)，電(dian)(dian)源結(jie)構由(you)可控連續出(chu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的煤電(dian)(dian)裝機占主導(dao)向強不確定性(xing)、弱(ruo)可控出(chu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機占主導(dao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源出(chu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)“靠天吃飯(fan)”，對電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)障支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)弱(ruo)，同(tong)時未來較(jiao)長一(yi)段時期內(nei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)消(xiao)費仍將剛性(xing)增長，負荷特性(xing)由(you)剛性(xing)、純消(xiao)費型(xing)向柔性(xing)、生(sheng)(sheng)產與消(xiao)費兼具型(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)和(he)負荷隨機性(xing)、波動(dong)(dong)性(xing)增強，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)供需形勢(shi)日趨復(fu)雜(za)，供應(ying)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)臨長期壓力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。另一(yi)方面(mian)，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源、直(zhi)流(liu)等(deng)大(da)量替代常規(gui)機組，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)、分布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)交互式(shi)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)備廣泛應(ying)用，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)呈現高比(bi)例可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源、高比(bi)例電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)設(she)(she)備的“雙高”特征，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣量和(he)支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)下降(jiang)，抗擾(rao)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)弱(ruo)，故(gu)障特性(xing)和(he)連鎖(suo)反應(ying)更加復(fu)雜(za)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)運行(xing)面(mian)臨挑戰。

國(guo)家發展改革委、國(guo)家能源局(ju)、國(guo)家數據局(ju)印發《加(jia)快構建(jian)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)方案(an)（2024—2027年）》（以下(xia)簡稱《行(xing)動(dong)(dong)方案(an)》），提出(chu)9大(da)專(zhuan)項行(xing)動(dong)(dong)，其中“電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定保障(zhang)(zhang)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)”聚焦系(xi)統(tong)兩大(da)安全問(wen)題，從源、網、荷、技術四方面，明確了下(xia)階段新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)安全保障(zhang)(zhang)總體要求和重點任務，為各(ge)地區和能源電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業進一步(bu)夯實系(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定運(yun)行(xing)的物理基礎，提供了重要的指導作(zuo)用(yong)。

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推進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清潔低碳轉型，關鍵是(shi)加快發展(zhan)非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，尤其(qi)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。我國95%左右的(de)(de)非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)過轉化(hua)(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)加以(yi)利用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)連(lian)接(jie)生產(chan)和(he)(he)消費，是(shi)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)送得(de)出(chu)、用(yong)得(de)好的(de)(de)關鍵平臺，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)安全運(yun)(yun)行的(de)(de)物(wu)理基礎(chu)，是(shi)構(gou)建(jian)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)核心環(huan)節。隨著(zhu)我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)需(xu)求的(de)(de)快速增(zeng)(zeng)長和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結構(gou)的(de)(de)加速轉型，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)局部地(di)區(qu)(qu)還存在(zai)薄弱(ruo)環(huan)節，骨干網(wang)(wang)架(jia)的(de)(de)脆弱(ruo)性(xing)和(he)(he)控(kong)制復(fu)雜(za)程度顯著(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)加，大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)優(you)化(hua)(hua)配(pei)置資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)仍需(xu)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)。《行動(dong)方(fang)案》提出(chu)了優(you)化(hua)(hua)加強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)主(zhu)網(wang)(wang)架(jia)，補齊結構(gou)短板，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)可(ke)靠(kao)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)和(he)(he)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高質量發展(zhan)的(de)(de)總體要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)規劃(hua)(hua)機(ji)制。目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)各(ge)環(huan)節統(tong)一(yi)(yi)規劃(hua)(hua)還不夠(gou)，尤其(qi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與常規電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與調(diao)(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)協(xie)同(tong)性(xing)不足，影響系(xi)(xi)統(tong)整體效率(lv)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)政府(fu)主(zhu)管部門、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)等建(jian)立(li)溝通(tong)機(ji)制，科學統(tong)籌制定(ding)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機(ji)規模(mo)、結構(gou)、布局和(he)(he)建(jian)設時序，加強(qiang)(qiang)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)荷(he)儲協(xie)同(tong)規劃(hua)(hua)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)規劃(hua)(hua)方(fang)案安全穩定(ding)和(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充裕性(xing)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)性(xing)論證(zheng)，提升規劃(hua)(hua)方(fang)案的(de)(de)適應(ying)性(xing)與安全性(xing)。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)持續補強(qiang)(qiang)特高壓交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)架(jia)。當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)還存在(zai)強(qiang)(qiang)直(zhi)(zhi)弱(ruo)交(jiao)問題(ti)，交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)發展(zhan)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)性(xing)不足，影響系(xi)(xi)統(tong)整體安全，也不利于輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)發揮。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)完善區(qu)(qu)域特高壓交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)主(zhu)網(wang)(wang)架(jia)，優(you)化(hua)(hua)500千(qian)伏網(wang)(wang)架(jia)，實現區(qu)(qu)域內各(ge)500千(qian)伏分區(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)余缺互濟。加快特高壓直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)（含柔性(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)）建(jian)設，提高沙戈(ge)荒等能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)外送支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)受端負荷(he)中心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。結合交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)架(jia)承載(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)，合理控(kong)制同(tong)送同(tong)受直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)群(qun)規模(mo)。此(ci)外，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)抵(di)御自然(ran)災害(hai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。近(jin)年(nian)來極端天氣、自然(ran)災害(hai)頻發，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)安全運(yun)(yun)行，影響新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)尖峰負荷(he)，供(gong)(gong)需(xu)不穩定(ding)性(xing)不確定(ding)性(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)加。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)自然(ran)條件(jian)惡劣、密集(ji)通(tong)道、同(tong)一(yi)(yi)氣象(xiang)帶、凍雨覆冰等區(qu)(qu)域，針對重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)(qu)段(duan)、重(zhong)(zhong)點部位提升桿塔、地(di)線等輸變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)(de)差異(yi)化(hua)(hua)設計，提升工(gong)程可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)和(he)(he)抵(di)御災害(hai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。同(tong)時，深化(hua)(hua)極端情況下的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)平衡(heng)分析，及時提出(chu)保(bao)(bao)供(gong)(gong)措施(shi)建(jian)議。

從電源側看，要提升新主體涉網性能，提高對系統穩定運行的支撐能力。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)等主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，各類新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)涉網(wang)性(xing)能(neng)差異化(hua)明(ming)顯，弱抗(kang)擾動(dong)(dong)性(xing)和弱支撐性(xing)對于(yu)系統(tong)穩(wen)定運(yun)行帶來(lai)極大(da)風險。未來(lai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)成為供給主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，負荷側新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)要(yao)(yao)素不斷涌現(xian)，必須提升涉網(wang)性(xing)能(neng)，增強(qiang)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)保供和運(yun)行安全(quan)的(de)支撐能(neng)力(li)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)公平(ping)承擔安全(quan)和成本責(ze)任(ren)。《行動(dong)(dong)方(fang)案》提出了制(zhi)修(xiu)訂(ding)相關(guan)(guan)標(biao)(biao)準與管理要(yao)(yao)求，提高新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)涉網(wang)性(xing)能(neng)、加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)入(ru)(ru)網(wang)檢測(ce)的(de)重點工作(zuo)舉(ju)措。一方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)強(qiang)化(hua)技術(shu)與標(biao)(biao)準引領。充分發(fa)(fa)揮標(biao)(biao)準對于(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技術(shu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)指導作(zuo)用，深(shen)化(hua)集(ji)中式/分布式新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設施等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)的(de)交互影響研究，構(gou)建新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)標(biao)(biao)準體(ti)(ti)系，加(jia)(jia)快推(tui)進(jin)相關(guan)(guan)標(biao)(biao)準制(zhi)修(xiu)訂(ding)。另一方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)檢測(ce)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)涉及眾多生產廠(chang)家海量型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)號(hao)，嚴把設備入(ru)(ru)網(wang)關(guan)(guan)是保障其涉網(wang)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵環節。需要(yao)(yao)明(ming)確新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)檢測(ce)流程、檢測(ce)技術(shu)標(biao)(biao)準、檢測(ce)資(zi)質要(yao)(yao)求，持續(xu)完(wan)善新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車充換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施接(jie)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)檢測(ce)手(shou)段(duan)。此外，要(yao)(yao)壓實新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)管理責(ze)任(ren)。當前新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)尚未形成明(ming)確的(de)安全(quan)管控責(ze)任(ren)邊界。亟需落實電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)、相關(guan)(guan)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、設備制(zhi)造(zao)單(dan)位(wei)在新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)運(yun)行管理全(quan)流程中的(de)職責(ze)，構(gou)建集(ji)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式試驗(yan)、到貨抽(chou)檢、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站調試、并(bing)網(wang)檢測(ce)、建模仿真(zhen)、運(yun)行維護與評價為一體(ti)(ti)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)安全(quan)與質量全(quan)流程管控體(ti)(ti)系。

從新技術看，要推進構網型技術應用，提升系統整體安全效率水平。

沙(sha)戈荒風光基地(di)(di)(di)(di)大都(dou)分布(bu)在(zai)遠(yuan)離主網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)無人(ren)區(qu)或少人(ren)區(qu)，本地(di)(di)(di)(di)支撐(cheng)較為(wei)薄弱(ruo)；受端負(fu)荷中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)多直(zhi)流(liu)饋入替代同步發電(dian)(dian)機，常規電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機不足，“空(kong)心(xin)(xin)化(hua)”問題(ti)突(tu)出(chu)，系(xi)統(tong)調頻(pin)和(he)動(dong)態無功支撐(cheng)能(neng)力減弱(ruo)。構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)送(song)端“沙(sha)戈荒”高(gao)(gao)比例(li)(li)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、受端“空(kong)心(xin)(xin)化(hua)”地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)均(jun)有廣泛的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)需求(qiu)。《行(xing)(xing)動(dong)方(fang)(fang)案》提出(chu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)針對(dui)系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)需求(qiu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型控制技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，提升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)支撐(cheng)能(neng)力的(de)(de)總體要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。一方(fang)(fang)面要(yao)(yao)(yao)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制宜配(pei)置(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型設備(bei)(bei)。構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型設備(bei)(bei)控制策略與參數的(de)(de)靈活性使其可(ke)(ke)以適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于多場景穩(wen)定問題(ti)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)明確不同地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)矛(mao)盾，在(zai)沙(sha)戈荒等高(gao)(gao)比例(li)(li)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)外(wai)送(song)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)可(ke)(ke)配(pei)置(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設備(bei)(bei)抑制暫態過電(dian)(dian)壓，在(zai)負(fu)荷中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)可(ke)(ke)配(pei)置(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設備(bei)(bei)提升(sheng)系(xi)統(tong)短(duan)路容量，在(zai)弱(ruo)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)可(ke)(ke)試(shi)點(dian)配(pei)置(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型設備(bei)(bei)提升(sheng)保供能(neng)力和(he)有功快速調節能(neng)力。另一方(fang)(fang)面要(yao)(yao)(yao)加強對(dui)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)風險(xian)管(guan)控。構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型設備(bei)(bei)各(ge)廠家性能(neng)差(cha)異大，設備(bei)(bei)與系(xi)統(tong)間不協調可(ke)(ke)能(neng)存在(zai)弱(ruo)阻尼振蕩等穩(wen)定運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)風險(xian)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)積極、穩(wen)妥地(di)(di)(di)(di)推動(dong)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)試(shi)點(dian)落地(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，依據實際應(ying)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果，加快推動(dong)一批構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型設備(bei)(bei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)標準，規范構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型設備(bei)(bei)支撐(cheng)能(neng)力要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。此外(wai)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)完善支持構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)機制建設。目前(qian)，構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)快速發展(zhan)，但相關配(pei)套機制較為(wei)滯(zhi)后。要(yao)(yao)(yao)進一步健全適(shi)應(ying)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)主體開展(zhan)交(jiao)易(yi)和(he)調度的(de)(de)基本規范，完善電(dian)(dian)力輔助服務市(shi)場產品體系(xi)、準入條(tiao)件、交(jiao)易(yi)方(fang)(fang)式和(he)補償標準，體現構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)型技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)主動(dong)支撐(cheng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率、功角穩(wen)定和(he)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置(zhi)消(xiao)納的(de)(de)多維度價值。

從負荷側看，要持續提升電能質量，適應新型負荷的隨機性波動性。

大量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子逆(ni)變(bian)器主導(dao)的新(xin)(xin)型負荷(he)持續接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，負荷(he)特性多變(bian)，對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)提出了更(geng)高挑戰。同時(shi)，隨著分布式新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)快速發展，新(xin)(xin)型用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)形式不斷(duan)涌現，配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網有源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)特征明顯(xian)，局(ju)部區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越限(xian)、設(she)備(bei)反向重(zhong)過載等問(wen)題突出。《行動(dong)方(fang)(fang)案》提出了壓(ya)實各(ge)方(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)責任(ren)(ren)，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)常(chang)態(tai)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的總(zong)體(ti)工作部署。一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)攻關新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題防(fang)治技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。當前防(fang)治技(ji)術(shu)(shu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)針對(dui)單一干(gan)擾(rao)(rao)源(yuan)，對(dui)于(yu)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子裝(zhuang)備(bei)耦(ou)合(he)帶(dai)來的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題手(shou)段不足。要(yao)(yao)(yao)組織電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行業(ye)(ye)科研(yan)(yan)院所開展新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備(bei)大規模接入后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越限(xian)、寬頻振蕩及諧波(bo)綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)治技(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)究，研(yan)(yan)制諧波(bo)/振蕩抑(yi)制裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)水平。另一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)構建新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系。當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)相關標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)于(yu)新(xin)(xin)型主體(ti)并網下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)評估適(shi)應性方(fang)(fang)面(mian)尚(shang)需(xu)(xu)完(wan)善。需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)修訂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏差、諧波(bo)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)指標(biao)限(xian)值標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，分行業(ye)(ye)細化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)評估標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。此外，要(yao)(yao)(yao)壓(ya)實電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)責任(ren)(ren)。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)特性檢測認證，壓(ya)實發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)(ye)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)戶在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)的主體(ti)責任(ren)(ren)，遵循“誰干(gan)擾(rao)(rao)，誰治理(li)(li)(li)”的原則及時(shi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題，建立常(chang)態(tai)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)控機制和規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)流程。

總的來看，《行動方案》對加(jia)快推動新型電力系統穩定保障工(gong)作作出了系統部署，提出的各項行動舉措務實(shi)有力，為實(shi)現(xian)我(wo)國能源加(jia)速轉型背景下電力系統安(an)全穩定運行奠定了堅(jian)實(shi)基礎。