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本研究設計了一款風光儲一體(ti)的新型(xing)電(dian)力系統(tong)，采用可編程控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)西門子S7-1200為(wei)核心控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)，結(jie)合力控(kong)(kong)組態(tai)軟件為(wei)平臺，搭(da)建遠(yuan)程監控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)，實(shi)現對新型(xing)電(dian)力系統(tong)站端控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)與遠(yuan)程監視，進一步提升了電(dian)力系統(tong)的運行效(xiao)率。

風光儲一體新型電力系統

設(she)計(ji)的風光(guang)儲一體(ti)新型電(dian)(dian)力系統基于(yu)傳感技術(shu)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)與管控技術(shu)，集風力光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)、儲能(neng)(neng)系統及智能(neng)(neng)輸電(dian)(dian)于(yu)一體(ti)，包(bao)括硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)、軟(ruan)件(jian)兩(liang)大平臺，其中硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)包(bao)括可再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)中心(xin)、儲能(neng)(neng)運行(xing)管理中心(xin)及負載及控制中心(xin)(硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)框架如圖1所示)，軟(ruan)件(jian)平臺主要為新型電(dian)(dian)力系統遠程監(jian)控系統。

可再生能源發電中心

可再(zai)生能源發電(dian)中心由光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組(zu)件、風(feng)力(li)發電(dian)機(ji)、匯流(liu)箱及(ji)風(feng)光(guang)(guang)互補(bu)控制器構成(cheng)，選用的(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組(zu)件為單晶硅類型(xing)，采用防水樹脂(zhi)封裝，單塊功率達90 Wp，安裝于41*41*2．0型(xing)C型(xing)鋼(gang)搭建而成(cheng)的(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)支架(jia)上(shang)。風(feng)力(li)發電(dian)機(ji)額定(ding)功率100 W，啟動(dong)風(feng)速(su)2 m/s，當風(feng)力(li)達到切入風(feng)速(su)時，風(feng)輪旋轉牽引發電(dian)裝置發電(dian)。

匯流箱是(shi)實現光(guang)伏組件有(you)序連接(jie)及(ji)匯流功能的接(jie)線裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，光(guang)伏組件通(tong)過匯流箱串接(jie)形成(cheng)光(guang)伏陣(zhen)列，再連接(jie)至風(feng)光(guang)互補控制器光(guang)伏輸入端，風(feng)機輸入端接(jie)風(feng)力發電機。

儲能運行管理中心

儲能運行管理中心由(you)智能監控模塊(kuai)(kuai)、并(bing)網(wang)配(pei)電(dian)、變流器(qi)及(ji)儲能模塊(kuai)(kuai)構成。智能監控模塊(kuai)(kuai)可(ke)采(cai)集變流器(qi)、儲能等信息，并(bing)網(wang)配(pei)電(dian)可(ke)實現(xian)供(gong)電(dian)或電(dian)站(zhan)接入公共(gong)電(dian)網(wang)，配(pei)電(dian)箱(xiang)內配(pei)有(you)雙(shuang)向電(dian)能表，用于(yu)計量上網(wang)電(dian)量及(ji)從市電(dian)所獲電(dian)量。

變流器(qi)是新型電力系統的重要(yao)部件(jian)，是連接風光能、儲能、公(gong)共電網及負(fu)載之間(jian)的能源(yuan)轉換(huan)連接，可(ke)實(shi)現光伏能給與儲能、公(gong)共電網或負(fu)載、儲能給與公(gong)共電網或負(fu)載、公(gong)共電能給予(yu)儲能或負(fu)載。

選用的(de)變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)型號為MUSTPH1800-PRO，額定功率為3 kW，額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、光伏陣列MPPT電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓分(fen)別為24 V、150～430 V及(ji)230 V(AC)，轉換效率達90%以上。儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)模(mo)塊包含儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統兩部分(fen)，前者采用磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵鋰作(zuo)為正極材料(liao)，由8節標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓/容量(liang)3．2 V/32 Ah的(de)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)串聯而成，后者負責(ze)監控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)元內各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)運(yun)行狀(zhuang)態，包括單(dan)體(ti)/電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)、溫度、SOC及(ji)SOH。

負載及控制中心

負載及控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心主要包括集中(zhong)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)用(yong)(yong)能模塊(kuai)，集中(zhong)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模塊(kuai)包括可編(bian)程控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)與(yu)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)等。其(qi)中(zhong)可編(bian)程控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)主要由(you)西(xi)門子S7－1200構(gou)成(cheng)，通(tong)(tong)過可編(bian)程控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(PLC)實(shi)現對繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)及接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)的控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，最終(zhong)完成(cheng)用(yong)(yong)能模塊(kuai)的設置，通(tong)(tong)過485通(tong)(tong)信進行PLC與(yu)儲能管(guan)理(li)中(zhong)心的有效(xiao)連接(jie)，還可用(yong)(yong)PLC進行變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)能源(yuan)來源(yuan)的選擇(ze)。用(yong)(yong)能模塊(kuai)主要由(you)交流(liu)(liu)報警燈、交流(liu)(liu)風扇(shan)、變頻器(qi)(qi)與(yu)電(dian)機、模擬量執行器(qi)(qi)及充電(dian)樁5種負載構(gou)成(cheng)。

硬件設計

輸入設計

新(xin)型電(dian)力系統輸入(ru)(ru)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號包(bao)括兩(liang)類，即指(zhi)令(ling)(ling)性(xing)輸入(ru)(ru)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號與(yu)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)量輸入(ru)(ru)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號。其中(zhong)指(zhi)令(ling)(ling)性(xing)輸入(ru)(ru)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號主(zhu)要與(yu)負載及(ji)控制中(zhong)心開關按鈕盤按鈕關聯，包(bao)括急停、切換開關及(ji)SB1－SB88個自鎖型按鈕。模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)量輸入(ru)(ru)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號主(zhu)要來自用(yong)能模(mo)(mo)塊模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)量執(zhi)行器角度、變頻(pin)器頻(pin)率(lv)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)輸出信(xin)(xin)(xin)號。

輸出設計

新型電(dian)力系(xi)統輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)信(xin)號包括指令性輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)信(xin)號與模(mo)擬(ni)量輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)信(xin)號。其中指令性輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)主要(yao)由4個接觸器(qi)與10個繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)實現，模(mo)擬(ni)量輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)信(xin)號可用來控制用能模(mo)塊(kuai)模(mo)擬(ni)量執(zhi)行器(qi)順時(shi)(shi)針/逆時(shi)(shi)針運行角度、變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)工(gong)作頻(pin)率。以多能互補供電(dian)模(mo)式開(kai)啟(qi)負載(zai)交流報警燈為(wei)例(li)，I/O分配表與繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)及接觸器(qi)定義如表1所示。

軟件設計

站端功能設計

采用西門子S7－1200(CPU1215C DC/DC/ＲLY)可編(bian)程控制器，集合了14數字(zi)量輸(shu)入/10數字(zi)量輸(shu)出、2路(lu)模擬輸(shu)入/輸(shu)出、PＲOFINT(以太網)接口、板載I/O狀態指示等。基于(yu)TIA Portal V15.1軟件進行PLC源(yuan)程序(xu)的(de)編(bian)寫(xie)及調(diao)試(shi)。

例如，按下SB1按鍵開啟(qi)(qi)多能互補(bu)(bu)供電(dian)模式，松開該按鍵關(guan)閉多能互補(bu)(bu)供電(dian)。按下SB2按鍵，按照(zhao)圖2開啟(qi)(qi)交(jiao)流報警燈，即交(jiao)流紅燈從2s開始(shi)運行16s結束(shu)，交(jiao)流黃燈從4s開始(shi)運行12s結束(shu)，交(jiao)流綠(lv)燈從6s開始(shi)運行8s結束(shu)，交(jiao)流蜂(feng)鳴(ming)器從8s開始(shi)運行4s結束(shu)。

其中儲(chu)能(neng)供(gong)電選(xuan)擇(ze)通過PLC與儲(chu)能(neng)運行管理中心智能(neng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)中心485通信(xin)，智能(neng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)中心通信(xin)地址(zhi)可(ke)自定義(yi)設置，多能(neng)互(hu)補供(gong)電選(xuan)擇(ze)寫(xie)入地址(zhi)為44101，數據格式為8位(wei)數據位(wei)、1位(wei)停(ting)止位(wei)、無(wu)校驗，波特(te)率為9600 bps。

在SB1按(an)下變流器軟起(qi)成功后(hou)再按(an)下SB2，打(da)開(kai)報警燈(deng)供電開(kai)關并(bing)(bing)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)延時定時器TON，當定時器計時值達到2 s時開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)交(jiao)流紅燈(deng)，4s時開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)交(jiao)流黃燈(deng)，6s和8s分別開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)綠燈(deng)與蜂鳴器，并(bing)(bing)在規定結(jie)束時間關閉相應(ying)的報警燈(deng)。

遠端功能設計

遠端(duan)監控系統主(zhu)要基(ji)于ForceControl 7.1組態軟件進行(xing)(xing)設計，通過界(jie)面繪(hui)制、數據庫配置、動(dong)態連接及(ji)運行(xing)(xing)調試實現負載(zai)與控制中心及(ji)儲(chu)能運行(xing)(xing)管理(li)中心的(de)數據監控。

主(zhu)要包括(kuo)負載與(yu)控制(zhi)中(zhong)心單(dan)(dan)相液晶(jing)(jing)多功能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)儀(yi)表采集交流報警燈工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流、功耗(hao)，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)運行管理(li)中(zhong)心4塊單(dan)(dan)相液晶(jing)(jing)多功能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)儀(yi)表采集風光儲(chu)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流數(shu)據(ju)，電(dian)(dian)池組與(yu)單(dan)(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流、溫度、SOC及(ji)SOH數(shu)據(ju)，涵蓋模擬I/O變量56個(ge)。

設(she)置變量前(qian)應注意添(tian)加(jia)(jia)I/O設(she)備，設(she)備名稱為(wei)PLC，通信方式選(xuan)擇TCP/IP網絡，設(she)備IP地址(zhi)(zhi)添(tian)加(jia)(jia)為(wei)PLC地址(zhi)(zhi)。添(tian)加(jia)(jia)完成后進(jin)行數據庫組態設(she)置，選(xuan)擇添(tian)加(jia)(jia)模擬(ni)點。

例如，添(tian)加交(jiao)流(liu)報警燈工作電壓，點名填(tian)寫b1dy，量程上(shang)限(xian)與(yu)裸數據(ju)上(shang)限(xian)分別設(she)置為1000、10000，數據(ju)連接(jie)選擇連接(jie)I/O設(she)備(bei)PLC，增加連接(jie)項填(tian)寫寄(ji)存(cun)器類型M，偏移地址300，數據(ju)類型為16位無符(fu)號。數據(ju)點連接(jie)如負荷(he)交(jiao)流(liu)報警燈工作電壓，雙擊彈出(chu)動畫(hua)連接(jie)彈窗后選擇數值輸出(chu)模擬，填(tian)寫表達式(shi)b1dy．pv后點擊確定即可。

結束語

風(feng)光(guang)(guang)儲(chu)(chu)一(yi)體新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統是一(yi)種基于傳感技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，集(ji)合(he)風(feng)力(li)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統及(ji)智能(neng)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)于一(yi)體的(de)新型(xing)能(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)統，包括可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)、儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)運行管(guan)理中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)及(ji)負(fu)載(zai)及(ji)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)三(san)大部件，以(yi)西門子S7-1200作(zuo)為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)，實現儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)運行管(guan)理中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)變流器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)的(de)選擇及(ji)負(fu)載(zai)工作(zuo)狀態(tai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，通過力(li)控(kong)(kong)組(zu)態(tai)軟件實現遠(yuan)端監(jian)控(kong)(kong)，進行風(feng)光(guang)(guang)荷(he)儲(chu)(chu)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流等相關數(shu)據與(yu)磷酸鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)及(ji)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池1～8的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、溫度、SOC及(ji)SOH數(shu)據監(jian)控(kong)(kong)，整(zheng)體上運行可(ke)(ke)靠，達到了設計目的(de)。