中國國際貿易促進委員會電力行業委員會(簡稱“電力貿促會”)出版了《面向碳達峰碳中和目標的電力關鍵技術匯編》,其中《熔鹽線性菲涅耳式光熱發電技術》和《塔式光熱發電技術——魯能海西州50兆瓦塔式光熱發電項目》兩個太陽能熱發電技術案例入選。
案例:熔鹽線性菲涅耳式光熱發電技術
線(xian)性(xing)(xing)菲涅(nie)耳式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電技(ji)術是槽(cao)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電技(ji)術的(de)(de)一(yi)種簡化,采用一(yi)維跟(gen)蹤系統,控(kong)制系統較為(wei)簡單,但聚光(guang)(guang)集熱(re)(re)效率(lv)較低(di),線(xian)性(xing)(xing)菲涅(nie)耳式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電技(ji)術平(ping)面鏡的(de)(de)制造相對于拋物面鏡更(geng)為(wei)簡單,風(feng)載也更(geng)小,因此線(xian)性(xing)(xing)菲涅(nie)耳聚光(guang)(guang)器(qi)(qi)較槽(cao)式(shi)(shi)聚光(guang)(guang)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)成本更(geng)低(di)。
該技(ji)術(shu)采用長條形一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)平(ping)面反射鏡代替槽式(shi)拋物面鏡,由二級(ji)(ji)反射鏡和集熱(re)(re)管組合為線性菲涅耳太(tai)陽(yang)能接收器。線性菲涅耳式(shi)光熱(re)(re)發電技(ji)術(shu)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采用水(shui)工質(zhi)作(zuo)為傳熱(re)(re)介質(zhi),難以配置(zhi)儲熱(re)(re)系統。
近期國(guo)內外相(xiang)關公司研發了采用熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)作為傳熱(re)介質(zhi)(zhi)的線(xian)性菲涅耳式光熱(re)發電技(ji)術,該技(ji)術吸(xi)熱(re)介質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)儲(chu)熱(re)介質(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)采用熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan),系統相(xiang)對簡單(dan)。
熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)線性(xing)菲涅耳式光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電技(ji)術原理(li)如下(xia)圖所示,通過(guo)跟蹤太(tai)陽運動(dong),一級(ji)反(fan)(fan)射鏡(jing)將(jiang)太(tai)陽光(guang)聚集(ji)到固定二(er)級(ji)反(fan)(fan)射鏡(jing)和集(ji)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)上,二(er)級(ji)反(fan)(fan)射鏡(jing)同樣(yang)將(jiang)太(tai)陽光(guang)反(fan)(fan)射到集(ji)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)上。加熱(re)(re)集(ji)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)中的熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan),進入熱(re)(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)罐:利用(yong)熱(re)(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)泵,將(jiang)熱(re)(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)泵入蒸汽發(fa)生系統,產(chan)生過(guo)熱(re)(re)蒸汽,推動(dong)汽輪機做功發(fa)電:換(huan)熱(re)(re)后的熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)回到冷(leng)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)罐。通過(guo)冷(leng)鹽(yan)泵將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)泵入鏡(jing)場重(zhong)新吸熱(re)(re)。
應用案例:如蘭(lan)州大成敦煌50兆瓦(wa)熔鹽(yan)菲涅(nie)耳式光(guang)熱(re)發電項(xiang)目(mu)。該(gai)項(xiang)目(mu)極大改進(jin)了線性(xing)菲涅(nie)爾(er)式光(guang)熱(re)技術的集(ji)熱(re)性(xing)能(neng),通過降低熱(re)損失將(jiang)集(ji)熱(re)管出口熔鹽(yan)溫度提高(gao)到550攝氏度;一旦遇到夜(ye)間(jian)、寒冷天氣或(huo)沒(mei)有陽光(guang)的情況(kuang),集(ji)熱(re)管內熔鹽(yan)可快速返回熔鹽(yan)儲罐,確保不在集(ji)熱(re)管內凝(ning)結(jie)。
案例2:塔式光熱發電技術——魯能海西州50兆瓦塔式光熱發電項目
該項目采用塔式(shi)熔(rong)鹽太陽能(neng)熱發電(dian)技(ji)術,構(gou)建(jian)聚光集熱系(xi)統(tong)、儲熱和蒸汽發生系(xi)統(tong)、高溫高壓再熱純凝汽輪發電(dian)機系(xi)統(tong)。
2019年9月,魯能(neng)海西州多(duo)能(neng)互補集成(cheng)優化示(shi)范工程中50兆瓦塔(ta)式光熱發電項目一次并網成(cheng)功(gong)。