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業(ye)內人士認為，內蒙古推動光熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)與風電(dian)(dian)光伏(fu)一(yi)體化(hua)系(xi)統(tong)作為整體接入公用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)網，既有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)效率(lv)、保障電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)的安全性和(he)(he)供電(dian)(dian)可靠性，又有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)加快(kuai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)綠(lv)色低碳轉型(xing)、構(gou)建綠(lv)色低碳現(xian)代產業(ye)體系(xi)。光熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)與風電(dian)(dian)光伏(fu)一(yi)體化(hua)的關(guan)鍵在于(yu)發揮光熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)的調峰電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)(he)儲能(neng)(neng)雙重(zhong)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。

為推(tui)動光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)伏一(yi)體化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展，近日(ri)，內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區能源局(ju)發(fa)(fa)布《內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)體化(hua)系統(tong)項目實施細(xi)則（征求意(yi)見稿）》（以下簡(jian)稱《征求意(yi)見稿》）。

業(ye)內人士認(ren)為，內蒙古推動光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)與(yu)風電(dian)(dian)光(guang)伏一體(ti)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)作為整(zheng)體(ti)接入公用電(dian)(dian)網，既有(you)助于提高能(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)利用效率、保障電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的安全性和(he)供電(dian)(dian)可靠性，又有(you)助于加(jia)快(kuai)能(neng)源(yuan)綠色低(di)碳轉型、構建綠色低(di)碳現代產業(ye)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)與(yu)風電(dian)(dian)光(guang)伏一體(ti)化(hua)的關鍵(jian)在于發(fa)揮光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的調峰電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)儲(chu)能(neng)雙重功能(neng)。

前景廣闊

“光伏發電(dian)和風力發電(dian)受氣象條件制(zhi)約，具有間歇性、波(bo)動(dong)性和隨(sui)機性等特點。部分特高(gao)壓外送通(tong)道(dao)，由于缺(que)少調節電(dian)源，輸電(dian)功(gong)率與設(she)計值相差甚遠，棄(qi)風、棄(qi)光現象嚴重。”廈門大學中(zhong)國能源經濟研究中(zhong)心教授(shou)孫傳旺向《中(zhong)國能源報》記者表示。

推動(dong)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電與風電光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)一體化(hua)，可調節(jie)支(zhi)撐新(xin)能源。“光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電與風電光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)一體化(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈長(chang)，可消化(hua)提(ti)升特(te)種玻璃、鋼鐵、水泥、熔(rong)融鹽等傳統產(chan)(chan)業(ye)，還可帶動(dong)新(xin)材料、智(zhi)能控制等新(xin)興產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。內蒙古發(fa)展(zhan)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電與風電光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)一體化(hua)，順應新(xin)能源協同發(fa)展(zhan)的客(ke)觀規律，有力支(zhi)撐了新(xin)型(xing)能源體系建設和(he)綠色(se)低碳現代產(chan)(chan)業(ye)體系發(fa)展(zhan)。”孫(sun)傳旺表示。

內蒙古(gu)太陽能(neng)(neng)行業協(xie)會(hui)會(hui)長溫(wen)建(jian)亮在接受《中國能(neng)(neng)源報》記者(zhe)采訪時(shi)表(biao)示，風光大基地(di)項(xiang)目是內蒙古(gu)建(jian)設(she)國家重要能(neng)(neng)源基地(di)的(de)主要戰(zhan)略之一，風光電(dian)(dian)的(de)波動(dong)性、不穩定性和(he)(he)間(jian)歇(xie)性給電(dian)(dian)網送出(chu)提出(chu)了挑戰(zhan)，而風光電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和(he)(he)光熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)一體化(hua)建(jian)設(she)，可以發揮(hui)光熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)調峰優勢(shi)，為風光電(dian)(dian)送出(chu)提供更(geng)(geng)友(you)好的(de)電(dian)(dian)力。“風光熱(re)(re)一體化(hua)建(jian)設(she)不僅可推動(dong)光熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)技術(shu)進步和(he)(he)產業化(hua)，也使得電(dian)(dian)力送出(chu)更(geng)(geng)穩定，光熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)的(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)優勢(shi)比電(dian)(dian)化(hua)學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)及(ji)其他方式更(geng)(geng)為顯(xian)著。”

“內(nei)蒙(meng)古自治區風光(guang)(guang)資(zi)源豐富，土地資(zi)源富集(ji)，具備發(fa)展光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電的先天(tian)優(you)勢，目前已建成中(zhong)(zhong)船重(zhong)工10萬(wan)千瓦槽式聚光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電站，并(bing)成功運行多年(nian)。在建設國家重(zhong)要能(neng)源和戰(zhan)略資(zi)源基地的過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，內(nei)蒙(meng)古光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電發(fa)展前景廣(guang)闊。”溫建亮進一步表示。

政策助力

配套政策的(de)支(zhi)持(chi)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏一體(ti)化項(xiang)(xiang)目發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)創造了有(you)利條件。據(ju)了解，2023年(nian)4月，國家能源局發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布的(de)《關(guan)于(yu)推(tui)動(dong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規模化發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)有(you)關(guan)事項(xiang)(xiang)的(de)通(tong)(tong)知》提出，結合(he)沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)新(xin)能源基地(di)(di)建設(she)，盡快落地(di)(di)一批(pi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目。力爭“十四五”期間，全國光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)每年(nian)新(xin)增(zeng)開工規模達到300萬(wan)千(qian)瓦左右，光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規模化發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提速明顯。此外，《關(guan)于(yu)支(zhi)持(chi)內(nei)蒙(meng)古綠色低碳高質量發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)若干(gan)政策措(cuo)施的(de)通(tong)(tong)知》等政策也(ye)有(you)力支(zhi)持(chi)了內(nei)蒙(meng)古地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏一體(ti)化項(xiang)(xiang)目。

資料顯示(shi)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)能源(yuan)局2016年(nian)(nian)啟動首批(pi)20個(ge)光(guang)熱(re)發電示(shi)范(fan)項目(mu)(mu)，裝機(ji)規(gui)模達134.9萬(wan)千瓦，開(kai)啟了我國(guo)(guo)光(guang)熱(re)發電的商業化(hua)進程。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)太陽能光(guang)熱(re)產業技術創新戰略聯盟(meng)秘書長(chang)杜鳳麗公開(kai)表示(shi)，截至2023年(nian)(nian)底(di)，我國(guo)(guo)各省份在建(jian)和擬建(jian)的太陽能熱(re)發電項目(mu)(mu)超40個(ge)，總(zong)裝機(ji)容量約4800兆瓦，預(yu)計最(zui)晚(wan)將于2025年(nian)(nian)完成(cheng)建(jian)設，其中(zhong)約有1200兆瓦預(yu)計于2024年(nian)(nian)建(jian)成(cheng)。

業內人士認(ren)為，示(shi)范項(xiang)目(mu)帶動相關企業自主創新，突(tu)破多項(xiang)核心(xin)技術(shu)，并形(xing)成了完整的產(chan)業鏈。

“我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)產業鏈(lian)體系覆蓋從原材料到(dao)具有(you)自主知識產權的(de)核心裝(zhuang)備各個環(huan)節，包括鋼鐵、水泥(ni)、超(chao)白(bai)玻璃、高溫(wen)吸熱(re)及傳(chuan)(chuan)儲熱(re)材料、保溫(wen)材料、塔式(shi)定日鏡(jing)、塔式(shi)吸熱(re)器等。在國(guo)家第(di)一批光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)示范(fan)項目(mu)中，國(guo)產技術(shu)及裝(zhuang)備的(de)可靠性和先進性在電(dian)站投(tou)運后得到(dao)有(you)效驗證。”孫傳(chuan)(chuan)旺表示。

不(bu)過，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)一體化項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)投資成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)收益的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)匹配，制(zhi)約了相(xiang)關項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)發展。據(ju)相(xiang)關平臺統計(ji)，目(mu)(mu)前國(guo)內在建或推進(jin)中的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)共計(ji)35個，其(qi)中光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)裝機規模(mo)達(da)到20萬千(qian)瓦的(de)(de)(de)僅1個。“由于光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)一體化項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)普遍(bian)按照當地燃煤發電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)價上網，高價的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)需要通(tong)過低價風(feng)電(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)潤空間(jian)來彌補。這(zhe)導致相(xiang)關項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)大(da)幅削減聚光(guang)(guang)集熱(re)(re)系統，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)量和(he)靈活(huo)調(diao)節功能(neng)大(da)打(da)折扣。”孫傳旺表(biao)示。

打造規模化電站

當(dang)前部分風(feng)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)項目中(zhong)風(feng)光(guang)(guang)和光(guang)(guang)熱(re)的配(pei)比(bi)通常為6:1、9:1。《征求(qiu)意見稿》提出，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)與風(feng)電(dian)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)系(xi)統中(zhong)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)、風(feng)電(dian)、光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)裝機規模按照(zhao)1:2:0或1:1.5:1或1:1:2三(san)種方案(an)進(jin)行配(pei)比(bi)，項目業(ye)主可根據實(shi)際自行選(xuan)擇。業(ye)內人士認為，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)配(pei)比(bi)提升(sheng)可進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步發(fa)揮光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)的調節性能。

值得(de)一提的是，據水電(dian)水利規(gui)劃設計總院發(fa)布的《中國可再(zai)生能源工(gong)程造(zao)(zao)價管(guan)理報告2023年度》，早期(qi)光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)目造(zao)(zao)價普遍較高，單位千(qian)瓦總投資為(wei)2.4萬(wan)—3.5萬(wan)元。近期(qi)項(xiang)目單位造(zao)(zao)價明顯降低，單位千(qian)瓦總投資為(wei)1.35萬(wan)—2.3萬(wan)元。

興業研究(jiu)近日發(fa)布的(de)(de)研報也指出(chu)，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)度(du)電(dian)成本(ben)雖然已從(cong)2010年(nian)的(de)(de)2.74元/度(du)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)至目前的(de)(de)0.85元/度(du)，但(dan)(dan)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)的(de)(de)幅度(du)不敵(di)光(guang)(guang)伏，度(du)電(dian)成本(ben)依(yi)然較高，使得其前期(qi)(qi)發(fa)展較為(wei)緩慢(man)。但(dan)(dan)隨著(zhu)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)作(zuo)為(wei)調(diao)峰資源(yuan)得到認可，在新能源(yuan)電(dian)站逐步提高調(diao)峰責(ze)任的(de)(de)背景下(xia)(xia)，“新能源(yuan)+光(guang)(guang)熱(re)”聯(lian)營項目逐漸增多，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)電(dian)站進入(ru)了規模化發(fa)展初期(qi)(qi)。

孫(sun)傳旺認為(wei)，為(wei)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)光(guang)伏(fu)一體化項(xiang)目運行(xing)，需(xu)積極(ji)培育(yu)新(xin)質生產力(li)，降低設(she)(she)備成本(ben)。“要推(tui)動(dong)(dong)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)光(guang)伏(fu)一體化項(xiang)目主要設(she)(she)備實(shi)現全(quan)面國產化，降低設(she)(she)備價格(ge)，減(jian)少驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統技術成本(ben)。同時，積極(ji)開(kai)展(zhan)綠色(se)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交易(yi)(yi)試點，適時將地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交易(yi)(yi)中心納入國家綠色(se)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)證書交易(yi)(yi)平臺，完善本(ben)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場建設(she)(she)，以(yi)市(shi)(shi)場化方式促進(jin)(jin)新(xin)能源健康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和高效消納。此外，調整光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)功能，降低綜合成本(ben)。推(tui)動(dong)(dong)一體化項(xiang)目中光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)功能由‘能發(fa)(fa)盡發(fa)(fa)’的(de)獨立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉變(bian)為(wei)‘儲能調峰’的(de)靈活設(she)(she)備，配套新(xin)能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)吸納棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，減(jian)小聚光(guang)系(xi)統規模。”

▏原標(biao)題：光熱發電與(yu)風光發電“組(zu)團”謀發展