光熱發電是通過聚集太陽能加熱工質驅動汽輪機發電的技術,兼具調峰電源和儲能雙重功能,是新能源安全可靠替代傳統能源的有效手段。青海太陽能資源豐富,太陽能年總輻射量達5800至7400兆焦/平方米,位居全國第二;可用于新能源開發的荒漠化土地約10萬平方公里,特別是柴達木盆地土地較為平整,光熱發電關鍵材料熔鹽資源居全國首位,發展光熱具有得天獨厚的優勢。
截(jie)至(zhi)2022年(nian)底,全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)首(shou)批(pi)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)示(shi)范項目共計建(jian)成67萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦,青海21萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦位(wei)居全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)首(shou)位(wei)(與甘肅并列),其(qi)中海西州(zhou)16萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦、海南州(zhou)5萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦。建(jian)成了我國(guo)(guo)(guo)首(shou)座核(he)心技術(shu)全(quan)部(bu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)化的(de)大型(xing)商業塔式光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)項目,填補塔式光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)技術(shu)空白(bai)。2021年(nian)、2022年(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家分別(bie)印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)了第一批(pi)、第二(er)批(pi)大型(xing)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)伏基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設項目清單,累(lei)計安排光(guang)熱(re)151萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦,其(qi)中青海80萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦,居全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)首(shou)位(wei)。總體(ti)來看,青海光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展在全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)暫處于領(ling)先地(di)位(wei)。
2023年,國(guo)家能(neng)源局綜(zong)合司印發(fa)《關(guan)于推(tui)動光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)有關(guan)事(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)的通(tong)(tong)(tong)知》(國(guo)能(neng)綜(zong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)新(xin)能(neng)〔2023〕28號),要(yao)求內蒙古、甘肅、青海、新(xin)疆(jiang)等光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)重點省(sheng)(sheng)份要(yao)積極推(tui)進光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)建設(she)(she),在本地新(xin)能(neng)源基地建設(she)(she)中同步推(tui)動光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)、產業化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)。為積極響(xiang)應國(guo)家要(yao)求,緩(huan)解省(sheng)(sheng)內夜間缺電(dian)現狀,青海省(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源局會同相關(guan)部門近期(qi)制定印發(fa)了《關(guan)于推(tui)動“十(shi)四五”光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的通(tong)(tong)(tong)知》,從規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)布局、競爭配(pei)置、要(yao)素保障、電(dian)價(jia)支持、參(can)與市場(chang)、項(xiang)(xiang)目管理、調度運營、生態效率八個方面(mian)對省(sheng)(sheng)內光(guang)(guang)熱規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)作出了制度化(hua)安排。
下一步,青海省(sheng)能源局(ju)(ju)將嚴格落(luo)實光(guang)(guang)熱政(zheng)策要求,統籌協調(diao)光(guang)(guang)熱與光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)規劃布局(ju)(ju),合理預留、布局(ju)(ju)光(guang)(guang)熱場址;組織競爭配置一批(pi)光(guang)(guang)熱一體化(hua)項目,推動光(guang)(guang)熱“十四(si)五”規模化(hua)發(fa)展,促進光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)降低(di);充(chong)分發(fa)揮光(guang)(guang)熱電(dian)站作(zuo)用,進一步緩(huan)解省(sheng)內缺電(dian)、調(diao)峰能力(li)不足的問題,提高(gao)新(xin)能源利(li)用比率,助力(li)國家清(qing)潔能源產業高(gao)地建設。