无码日韩精品一区二区免费暖暖,久久精品国产精品亚洲,开心播播网,女人床技48动态图,国产精品无码免费专区午夜

CSPPLAZA光熱發電網訊：4月18日(ri)，國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局官網發布了《<關于促(cu)進新時代新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發展的實施方案(an)>案(an)例(li)解讀》第二(er)、三章。

通知(zhi)在“加快構(gou)建(jian)適應(ying)新能源占(zhan)比逐漸提高(gao)的新型(xing)(xing)電力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)”部分指出，近(jin)年來，我國新能源實(shi)現了跨越(yue)式發展，裝(zhuang)機規(gui)模穩居全(quan)球(qiu)首(shou)位。同(tong)時，大規(gui)模高(gao)比例(li)新能源接(jie)網和(he)消納對電力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)提出了新的挑戰，需(xu)要加快規(gui)劃建(jian)設新型(xing)(xing)電力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，滿足經濟社會高(gao)質量發展的電力(li)(li)需(xu)求。

通知表示，要全面提(ti)升電(dian)力(li)系統調(diao)節能(neng)力(li)和(he)靈(ling)活(huo)性，涉(she)及主要政(zheng)策點1如下(xia)：完善調(diao)峰(feng)(feng)調(diao)頻電(dian)源(yuan)補償機制，加大(da)煤電(dian)機組靈(ling)活(huo)性改造、水(shui)電(dian)擴機、抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)和(he)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱發電(dian)項目建設(she)力(li)度，推動(dong)新(xin)型儲能(neng)快速發展。研究(jiu)儲能(neng)成本回收(shou)機制。鼓(gu)勵西部等(deng)光(guang)照條件(jian)好的地區使用太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱發電(dian)作為調(diao)峰(feng)(feng)電(dian)源(yuan)。

《實(shi)施方案》特別提出，鼓勵西(xi)部等光(guang)照條(tiao)件好的(de)(de)地區使用(yong)太陽能(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)作為(wei)調峰電(dian)源。光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)最(zui)小技(ji)術出力可達到額(e)定功率(lv)的(de)(de)15%—20%，出力響應速度堪比燃氣發(fa)電(dian)，具備頻繁啟停的(de)(de)能(neng)力。

此外，光熱發(fa)(fa)電還可提供轉動慣量(liang)，且具備成本低(di)、安全性(xing)高(gao)的長時儲熱系統。借助于光熱發(fa)(fa)電以上(shang)諸多(duo)優異的調(diao)節(jie)能力(li)，光熱發(fa)(fa)電與風電、光伏等新能源融合發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)可成為新能源開發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)的重要模(mo)式。

在沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地(di)區(qu)的(de)大型新能源(yuan)基地(di)，光(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)可作為調峰電(dian)源(yuan)與(yu)風電(dian)、光(guang)伏打(da)捆，探(tan)索通過(guo)規(gui)模化的(de)儲熱(re)發電(dian)代替火(huo)電(dian)和電(dian)儲能，實現支撐(cheng)高比例新能源(yuan)的(de)外送。

下為通知全文：

《<關于促進新時代新能源高質量發展的實施方案>案例解讀》第二、三章發布

為指(zhi)導(dao)各地(di)更好地(di)貫(guan)徹落實(shi)《關于(yu)促進新(xin)時(shi)代新(xin)能(neng)源高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)(an)》（國(guo)(guo)辦函(han)〔2022〕39號(hao)），及時(shi)總(zong)結(jie)推動新(xin)能(neng)源高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)成功(gong)經驗和優秀(xiu)做法(fa)，我們組(zu)織國(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革委(wei)能(neng)源研究所、電(dian)力(li)規(gui)劃(hua)設(she)計總(zong)院(yuan)、水電(dian)水利規(gui)劃(hua)設(she)計總(zong)院(yuan)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)投集(ji)團、三峽集(ji)團、中廣核集(ji)團、光伏行業協會(hui)(hui)、風能(neng)協會(hui)(hui)等單位開(kai)展(zhan)了案(an)(an)例解讀編制工作，形成了《&lt;關于(yu)促進新(xin)時(shi)代新(xin)能(neng)源高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)(an)&gt;案(an)(an)例解讀》，擬按章節以連載(zai)方(fang)式陸續發(fa)(fa)布(bu)，供大家(jia)在推動可再生(sheng)能(neng)源高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)工作中參考。3月26日已發(fa)(fa)布(bu)第一章內(nei)容(rong)，現發(fa)(fa)布(bu)第二(er)、三章內(nei)容(rong)。如有意見和建議，請及時(shi)反饋。

聯系(xi)方式：010-81929522/81929525（傳真）

電子郵箱：xinny@nea.gov.cn

《<實施方案(an)>案(an)例解(jie)讀》編(bian)委會

2023年4月14日

附件：

二、加(jia)快構建適應新能源占比逐(zhu)漸提高的新型電力系(xi)統

黨的(de)(de)二十大報告(gao)明確(que)指出(chu)，要(yao)(yao)加(jia)快規劃建設(she)新型能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)。新型電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)是新型能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)內容。近年(nian)來(lai)，我國新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)實現了(le)(le)跨(kua)越式發(fa)(fa)展，裝(zhuang)機規模穩居全球首(shou)位。同時，大規模高(gao)比例(li)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)接網和消納對電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)新的(de)(de)挑戰，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)快規劃建設(she)新型電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)，滿(man)足經濟社會高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)(li)需(xu)求。《實施(shi)方(fang)案》明確(que)了(le)(le)在(zai)提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)調節能(neng)力(li)(li)、提(ti)高(gao)配電(dian)網接納能(neng)力(li)(li)、穩妥推進(jin)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)參與電(dian)力(li)(li)市場交易和完(wan)善可再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)消納責任權(quan)重制度等方(fang)面的(de)(de)具體舉措。

（五）全(quan)面(mian)提升電力(li)系統調(diao)節能力(li)和(he)靈活性

主要政策點1：完善調峰調頻電(dian)源補(bu)償機制(zhi)，加大煤(mei)電(dian)機組靈活性改造(zao)、水電(dian)擴機、抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)和太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)目建設力度，推動新型儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)快速發(fa)展。研究(jiu)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)成本回收機制(zhi)。鼓勵西部等(deng)光照條件好(hao)的地區使用(yong)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)作為(wei)調峰電(dian)源。

近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)迅猛，調(diao)峰調(diao)頻電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)建設面(mian)臨新(xin)的(de)(de)挑戰。為此(ci)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)修訂發(fa)(fa)(fa)布了《電(dian)力(li)并網運(yun)(yun)行(xing)管(guan)理(li)規(gui)(gui)定》（國(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)監(jian)管(guan)規(gui)(gui)〔2021〕60號(hao)）、《電(dian)力(li)輔助(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)辦法》（國(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)監(jian)管(guan)規(gui)(gui)〔2021〕61號(hao)），進一步(bu)擴大了輔助(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)供主體(ti)，強(qiang)調(diao)按照“誰提(ti)(ti)供、誰獲利；誰受益(yi)、誰承擔(dan)”的(de)(de)原則，確定補償方(fang)式和(he)分攤機(ji)制(zhi)，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)逐(zhu)步(bu)建立電(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶參與輔助(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)分擔(dan)共享機(ji)制(zhi)和(he)健全跨省跨區電(dian)力(li)輔助(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)機(ji)制(zhi)。煤電(dian)機(ji)組靈活性改(gai)(gai)造方(fang)面(mian)，2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)深入推(tui)動(dong)(dong)煤電(dian)“三改(gai)(gai)聯動(dong)(dong)”，聯合印發(fa)(fa)(fa)《全國(guo)(guo)(guo)煤電(dian)機(ji)組改(gai)(gai)造升級實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)》，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)“十四五”期間實(shi)(shi)施(shi)靈活性改(gai)(gai)造2億千瓦(wa)。抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)方(fang)面(mian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)于2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)布的(de)(de)《抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)中長期發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)(gui)劃（2021-2035年(nian)(nian)(nian)）》提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)：到2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)，抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)投產(chan)總規(gui)(gui)模(mo)達(da)到6200萬千瓦(wa)以上(shang)；到2030年(nian)(nian)(nian)，抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)投產(chan)總規(gui)(gui)模(mo)達(da)到1.2億千瓦(wa)左右。新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)方(fang)面(mian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)相繼(ji)印發(fa)(fa)(fa)了《關(guan)(guan)于加快(kuai)新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)指導意見(jian)》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)〔2021〕1051號(hao)）、《“十四五”新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)〔2022〕209號(hao)）和(he)《關(guan)(guan)于進一步(bu)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)參與電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場和(he)調(diao)度運(yun)(yun)用(yong)的(de)(de)通知》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)辦運(yun)(yun)行(xing)〔2022〕475號(hao)），加快(kuai)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)、市(shi)場化(hua)進程(cheng)。

要(yao)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔(fu)(fu)助服(fu)務(wu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場建(jian)(jian)設，從市(shi)(shi)(shi)場機制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)面充分(fen)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)動(dong)各類調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)面，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)主力(li)(li)，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)靈活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改造是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)提升的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵手段，要(yao)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)推進(jin)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)由主體(ti)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)提供可(ke)靠容量(liang)、調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)頻等(deng)輔(fu)(fu)助服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)基礎保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和系(xi)統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)面，調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)技(ji)術(shu)較成(cheng)熟、經濟性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較優、具備大規模開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)條件的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)綠色低碳(tan)清潔靈活調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站具有(you)雙向(xiang)、雙倍調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)以(yi)及快(kuai)速的(de)(de)(de)變負荷能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，可(ke)顯著提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)有(you)功調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)在可(ke)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、容量(liang)、速度(du)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，增強系(xi)統(tong)應(ying)對波動(dong)、快(kuai)速爬(pa)坡和保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)平衡的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。“十四五”開始風光(guang)等(deng)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實現躍升發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)中波動(dong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)比(bi)例(li)(li)持續增加(jia)(jia)，必須加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)開工(gong)建(jian)(jian)設一大批抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項(xiang)目(mu)。同時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)影(ying)響抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)(xing)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)核心問題(ti)，《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)進(jin)一步完善(shan)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)價格(ge)形成(cheng)機制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)意見》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)改價格(ge)〔2021〕633號）已明確，現階段以(yi)兩(liang)部(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價政策(ce)(ce)為主體(ti)，以(yi)競爭性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)(fang)式形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價，將容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價納入輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價回收，同時強化與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)銜接，逐步推動(dong)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站進(jin)入市(shi)(shi)(shi)場，充分(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價信號作(zuo)用(yong)，調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)動(dong)各方(fang)(fang)面積極性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，為抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)(xing)業加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、充分(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)綜合效益(yi)創造更有(you)利的(de)(de)(de)條件。新(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)方(fang)(fang)面，作(zuo)為重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)在源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、網、荷三側發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)力(li)(li)，對于(yu)促(cu)進(jin)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高比(bi)例(li)(li)消納和保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)穩定運行(xing)(xing)具有(you)重要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)，當下新(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)包括推進(jin)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)目(mu)合理(li)配(pei)置(zhi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、合理(li)布局電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、積極支持用(yong)戶側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)多元化發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。針對獨立(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、配(pei)建(jian)(jian)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)及用(yong)戶側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，應(ying)分(fen)類研究施策(ce)(ce)，完善(shan)相關(guan)(guan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場機制(zhi)(zhi)，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)合理(li)收益(yi)。

《實施方案(an)》特別(bie)提(ti)出(chu)，鼓勵西部(bu)等光(guang)照條件好的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)使用太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)作為(wei)調(diao)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)最小技術(shu)出(chu)力(li)可(ke)達(da)到(dao)額定功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)15%—20%，出(chu)力(li)響應速度堪比(bi)燃氣發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，具(ju)備頻繁(fan)啟停的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。此外，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)還可(ke)提(ti)供轉動慣量，且具(ju)備成(cheng)本(ben)低、安全性高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)長時(shi)儲(chu)熱(re)系統(tong)。借助于光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以上諸多優異的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏等新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源融合發(fa)展可(ke)成(cheng)為(wei)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源開發(fa)利用的(de)(de)(de)重要模式。在沙(sha)漠、戈壁、荒漠地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)大型新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源基地(di)(di)(di)，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)作為(wei)調(diao)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏打捆，探索通過規模化的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)代替(ti)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，實現支撐高(gao)比(bi)例新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)外送。

案例(li)2-1加快抽(chou)水蓄能建設服務新型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)

抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)具有(you)調節(jie)速度快、建設成(cheng)本低(di)、儲能(neng)(neng)容量(liang)較(jiao)大、技術成(cheng)熟、安全性高(gao)等優勢，是(shi)新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力系統的(de)重要組成(cheng)部分，是(shi)我國新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展和(he)(he)實現(xian)碳達(da)峰、碳中和(he)(he)目(mu)標的(de)有(you)力支撐。隨著國家抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)中長期規劃出臺，今后一段(duan)時期，我國抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)將迎來爆發(fa)期。浙江(jiang)長龍山抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)電(dian)站(zhan)總裝機容量(liang)210萬千瓦(wa)，地處華東電(dian)網負荷中心，承(cheng)擔(dan)整個華東電(dian)網調峰、填谷(gu)的(de)雙向調峰功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。電(dian)站(zhan)于2022年6月底全部投產發(fa)電(dian)。

長龍山電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)建設過程中(zhong)(zhong)，全(quan)力克服(fu)疫情負面(mian)影響，全(quan)部機組投產累(lei)計(ji)提前15個月工期。電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)高度(du)重視運行(xing)管理(li)，一(yi)是通過簽訂中(zhong)(zhong)長期協議提前鎖定全(quan)年抽發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)市場的基(ji)本(ben)調節(jie)(jie)作用；二(er)是實(shi)時響應電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)調節(jie)(jie)需求，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)提供(gong)輔助服(fu)務；三(san)是堅持自(zi)主(zhu)建設運行(xing)，降低整體運行(xing)成(cheng)本(ben)。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)調峰和節(jie)(jie)能(neng)環保效益顯著，已成(cheng)為華(hua)(hua)東(dong)地區最大的“充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)寶(bao)、穩(wen)壓器”，平均(jun)每年可(ke)(ke)為華(hua)(hua)東(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰時段增發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)24.35億千(qian)瓦時，可(ke)(ke)進一(yi)步增強華(hua)(hua)東(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)調節(jie)(jie)能(neng)力，改善華(hua)(hua)東(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)運行(xing)條件(jian)；此(ci)外，每年可(ke)(ke)為華(hua)(hua)東(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)節(jie)(jie)約標煤(mei)21萬噸(dun)，減(jian)少排放(fang)二(er)氧化碳約42萬噸(dun)、二(er)氧化硫約2800噸(dun)，為實(shi)現(xian)碳達峰、碳中(zhong)(zhong)和目標提供(gong)有力支撐。

案例2-2國家(jia)電網公司多措并舉提升系(xi)統(tong)調節能(neng)力(li)

深(shen)挖火電(dian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)潛力。2021年“三北(bei)(bei)”地區完(wan)成煤電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)(zu)靈活性改(gai)造(zao)118臺，容(rong)量合計4573萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)，供(gong)熱期提升(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節能力297萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)，非供(gong)熱期提升(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節能力307萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)。其中，京(jing)津唐電(dian)網開展深(shen)度(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)改(gai)造(zao)機組(zu)(zu)(zu)44臺，合計容(rong)量2110萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)；其中22臺、1108萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)機組(zu)(zu)(zu)在部分工(gong)況下可實(shi)現20%深(shen)度(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)運(yun)行，提升(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)能力258萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)，2臺、120萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)機組(zu)(zu)(zu)可實(shi)現15%深(shen)度(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)運(yun)行。截至2021年底(di)，“三北(bei)(bei)”地區累計完(wan)成煤電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)(zu)靈活性改(gai)造(zao)12814萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)。

充分利用抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。2021年國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司經營區抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站年抽(chou)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)644億千瓦時，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)19%；平均綜合(he)利用小時數2741小時，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)9%。以(yi)東北電(dian)(dian)(dian)網為例，2021年12月2日的(de)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)日發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)創歷史新高，達到5.18億千瓦時，抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)當(dang)日消納電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)占新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)總(zong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)3.1%。中午12點，新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)出力2695萬千瓦，抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)提升的(de)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力占新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)總(zong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)9.3%。

提升新型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)調控水平。滾動(dong)開(kai)展(zhan)電(dian)力系統配置儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)分析計算(suan)，推動(dong)新型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)規模化應用(yong)。試點(dian)建設儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)調度決策支(zhi)持系統，提升儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)調控技術(shu)水平。試點(dian)開(kai)展(zhan)在(zai)運儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)站涉(she)網性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)指標評價和檢測(ce)，提升儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)并網技術(shu)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。

加強(qiang)省(sheng)間(jian)電(dian)網(wang)調峰互濟。持(chi)續開展(zhan)區(qu)域省(sheng)間(jian)備用共享及靈(ling)活互濟，提升新(xin)能源(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)能力。西北區(qu)域開展(zhan)省(sheng)間(jian)交易(yi)318億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，增加新(xin)能源(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)約100億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。東北區(qu)域跨(kua)省(sheng)支(zhi)援998次，增加新(xin)能源(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)36.6億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。

案例2-3南(nan)方電網公(gong)司加快建(jian)設抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)電站，支(zhi)撐構(gou)建(jian)清潔(jie)能(neng)源消納(na)比重最高的世界(jie)級灣區電網

南方電網(wang)公司加快建(jian)設抽水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)電站(zhan)。2022年5月(yue)28日，廣東梅州(zhou)、陽(yang)江兩座百萬千(qian)瓦級抽水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)電站(zhan)同(tong)時(shi)投產發電，至(zhi)此粵港(gang)澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)灣(wan)區電網(wang)抽水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)總裝機達到968萬千(qian)瓦，將提升粵港(gang)澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)灣(wan)區電網(wang)調(diao)節能(neng)(neng)力超過三(san)成。粵港(gang)澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)灣(wan)區已建(jian)成抽水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)裝機容量(liang)最(zui)大(da)(da)、電網(wang)調(diao)節能(neng)(neng)力最(zui)強、清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納比重最(zui)高的世(shi)界(jie)級灣(wan)區電網(wang)，為粵港(gang)澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)灣(wan)區打造世(shi)界(jie)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用示(shi)范灣(wan)區提供堅強的支撐。

陽(yang)江(jiang)抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)電站規(gui)劃(hua)總裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)240萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，首(shou)(shou)期(qi)建設(she)120萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，單機容量(liang)高達40萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、共3臺機組。陽(yang)江(jiang)抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)電站擁有世界(jie)首(shou)(shou)條800m水(shui)頭級(ji)鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝土襯(chen)砌高壓水(shui)道、國內(nei)單機容量(liang)最大抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)機組，技術(shu)(shu)難度大，為國內(nei)后續(xu)大規(gui)模建設(she)同類電站奠(dian)定了(le)堅實技術(shu)(shu)基礎(chu)。

梅(mei)州(zhou)抽(chou)水(shui)蓄能電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)規劃總(zong)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量240萬(wan)千瓦，分兩(liang)期(qi)建設(she)，其中一期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量120萬(wan)千瓦、共(gong)4臺(tai)機(ji)組。2021年(nian)11月(yue)首(shou)(shou)臺(tai)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組正式投(tou)產(chan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)，成為“十(shi)四五”開局之年(nian)南方(fang)五省區內首(shou)(shou)臺(tai)投(tou)產(chan)的(de)抽(chou)水(shui)蓄能機(ji)組。梅(mei)州(zhou)抽(chou)水(shui)蓄能電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)主體工(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)至(zhi)首(shou)(shou)臺(tai)機(ji)組投(tou)產(chan)僅用時(shi)41個(ge)月(yue)，創造了國內抽(chou)水(shui)蓄能電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)最短建設(she)工(gong)期(qi)紀錄，并且(qie)機(ji)組的(de)整套(tao)開關(guan)設(she)備首(shou)(shou)次(ci)實現(xian)全國產(chan)化，補齊了抽(chou)水(shui)蓄能機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備自主化的(de)最后一塊短板(ban)。

主要政策點2：充分(fen)發揮電(dian)網企業(ye)在構建新型電(dian)力系統中的平(ping)臺和樞紐(niu)作(zuo)用，支持和指導電(dian)網企業(ye)積極接入和消納新能源。

電網(wang)(wang)是電力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)核心(xin)，是能(neng)源(yuan)轉換利用、輸送(song)配置(zhi)(zhi)和供需(xu)對(dui)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)樞紐平(ping)臺。在新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)和負荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)逆向(xiang)分布的(de)(de)大背景下，全國(guo)的(de)(de)特高壓輸送(song)通道中(zhong)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)電量占比仍有提升空(kong)間，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)跨區域配置(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)力(li)(li)應盡快加(jia)強(qiang)，以滿足中(zhong)東部負荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)消納需(xu)求。部分地方還存在電網(wang)(wang)接(jie)(jie)入條(tiao)件(jian)與新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)發不(bu)匹配不(bu)銜(xian)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)問題(ti)。此外，高比例新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)對(dui)電網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)調(diao)度運行(xing)也提出了新(xin)的(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。

《實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)》明確了要充分(fen)發(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)在構建(jian)(jian)(jian)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)中的(de)(de)平臺和(he)樞(shu)紐作用(yong)，提升跨(kua)(kua)區域資源優化(hua)配(pei)置能(neng)力(li)(li)，發(fa)揮大電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)協同(tong)互濟的(de)(de)作用(yong)，提升電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)接(jie)入和(he)消(xiao)納(na)新(xin)能(neng)源的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)(li)。外(wai)送通(tong)道方(fang)面(mian)，要科(ke)學(xue)推(tui)進新(xin)能(neng)源電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)跨(kua)(kua)省跨(kua)(kua)區輸送通(tong)道建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，穩步推(tui)廣柔(rou)性直流輸電(dian)(dian)等新(xin)技術，加強送受端電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)協同(tong)調峰運行。主網(wang)(wang)架方(fang)面(mian)，推(tui)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)之(zhi)間柔(rou)性可控互聯，加強分(fen)層分(fen)區電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)間協同(tong)互濟能(neng)力(li)(li)。配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)方(fang)面(mian)，加快配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)改造(zao)升級，推(tui)動(dong)智能(neng)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、智能(neng)微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，提高(gao)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)接(jie)納(na)新(xin)能(neng)源和(he)多元化(hua)負荷的(de)(de)承載力(li)(li)和(he)靈活性。各(ge)地風光(guang)資源不同(tong)、負荷情況各(ge)異、系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)結構也不一樣，堅持(chi)因地制宜、分(fen)省制定合理(li)利(li)用(yong)率目標。

案例2-3搭建新能源服務平臺(tai)助力開發與消納

國家電(dian)網公(gong)(gong)司(si)新能源(yuan)(yuan)云(yun)(yun)是(shi)國家電(dian)網公(gong)(gong)司(si)投資(zi)建設(she)的(de)新能源(yuan)(yuan)綜(zong)合服(fu)務(wu)平(ping)臺，于(yu)2021年(nian)4月20日正式(shi)上線運行，平(ping)臺規(gui)劃(hua)建設(she)環(huan)境承載、資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)分布、規(gui)劃(hua)計(ji)劃(hua)、廠商用戶、電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)企業、電(dian)網服(fu)務(wu)、用電(dian)客(ke)戶、電(dian)價補貼、供需預(yu)測、儲能服(fu)務(wu)、消(xiao)納(na)計(ji)算(suan)、技術咨詢、法規(gui)政策(ce)、輔助決策(ce)、大數據(ju)服(fu)務(wu)15個子平(ping)臺，新能源(yuan)(yuan)云(yun)(yun)重點提供五個方(fang)面的(de)服(fu)務(wu)：

1.信息分析(xi)和咨詢(xun)服(fu)務(wu)。建成國(guo)內最大(da)的新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)運行監測服(fu)務(wu)平臺，接入新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)發、輸(shu)、用、儲全過(guo)程數據(ju)和信息，包括新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)發展與消(xiao)納、保(bao)障性收購、消(xiao)納責任權重、場(chang)站出力、政策技術等，可為國(guo)家相(xiang)關部(bu)門(men)及(ji)時掌(zhang)握(wo)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)運行情況提供(gong)數據(ju)和信息支撐，為社會(hui)大(da)眾提供(gong)信息資訊服(fu)務(wu)。

2.全景規劃布局和建站(zhan)選址(zhi)服務(wu)(wu)。提供全國范圍內“3千(qian)米×3千(qian)米”的(de)風能、太陽能全時域(yu)資(zi)(zi)源數據，以及未(wei)來3天電(dian)力氣象(xiang)預(yu)報(bao)信息，輔助(zhu)開展不同地區風光資(zi)(zi)源開發潛(qian)力研究，提出開發規模和布局的(de)建議，為政府部門編制新能源規劃提供參考(kao)依據，服務(wu)(wu)新能源發電(dian)企業建站(zhan)選址(zhi)。

3.全(quan)流程一站式接網服務(wu)。廣大電源客戶通過外網PC或手機(ji)App即可辦理業務(wu)，還可在線(xian)實時查詢(xun)項目流程進度，實現“業務(wu)網上(shang)辦、進度線(xian)上(shang)查”，做到便捷高效、公開透明。

4.全域(yu)消(xiao)納能力(li)(li)計算和發(fa)布(bu)服務。實現線上新能源消(xiao)納能力(li)(li)計算和評估，滾(gun)動計算分區域(yu)、分省新能源消(xiao)納能力(li)(li)，預測季度(du)、年度(du)及中長期(qi)新能源發(fa)電量、利用率、新增(zeng)消(xiao)納空(kong)間(jian)等(deng)指標。計算結果經能源主管(guan)部門授權后對社會(hui)公(gong)布(bu)，支撐政(zheng)府確定年度(du)建設規模，引(yin)導新能源科學(xue)開發(fa)、合理布(bu)局。

5.全過(guo)程補貼申(shen)報管理服務。按照財政部(bu)(bu)要求，為新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)補貼項目提供(gong)線(xian)上申(shen)報、審核、變更、公示(shi)、公布等一站式服務，方(fang)便電源(yuan)(yuan)用戶(hu)、電網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)門線(xian)上辦理業(ye)(ye)務，加快補貼確(que)權，增強企(qi)業(ye)(ye)投資新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)信心。

通(tong)過新能源云平(ping)臺(tai)，國家電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)公司實現了新能源接(jie)網(wang)(wang)(wang)和運行(xing)的“業務(wu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)上(shang)辦、進度線上(shang)查”。

案例2-4國家電網(wang)公司推(tui)動電網(wang)工(gong)程建設提升新能源消納能力

持續建(jian)(jian)設(she)特(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。截至2021年(nian)底國家(jia)電網(wang)已累計建(jian)(jian)成15交(jiao)14直(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)輸電工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，進一步促進新(xin)能源大范(fan)圍優化配置。其中，2021年(nian)建(jian)(jian)成特(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流輸電工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2項，即雅中-江西±800千(qian)(qian)伏特(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，線(xian)路長度(du)1700千(qian)(qian)米，新(xin)增輸送(song)容量(liang)800萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)；以及陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)-湖北(bei)(bei)±800千(qian)(qian)伏特(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，線(xian)路長度(du)1136千(qian)(qian)米，新(xin)增輸送(song)容量(liang)800萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。此外2021年(nian)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)交(jiao)流輸電工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1項，為(wei)南昌(chang)-長沙(sha)1000千(qian)(qian)伏特(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)交(jiao)流工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，線(xian)路長度(du)2×341千(qian)(qian)米，新(xin)增變電容量(liang)1200萬千(qian)(qian)伏安。

進一步提高(gao)(gao)特(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)利用效率。2021年(nian)，國家電(dian)網公司(si)特(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)流送電(dian)4049億千(qian)瓦(wa)時，同比增長10.5%。其中，7回特(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)流利用效率同比提升(sheng)，吉(ji)泉、天中、祁韶直(zhi)流提高(gao)(gao)超過(guo)450小時以上(shang)。2021年(nian)底全網跨(kua)區直(zhi)流輸電(dian)較(jiao)2020年(nian)提升(sheng)1400萬千(qian)瓦(wa)。

建(jian)成(cheng)投(tou)運(yun)省(sheng)內輸電(dian)通(tong)道，提升新能(neng)源外送能(neng)力。2021年國家電(dian)網(wang)公司建(jian)成(cheng)投(tou)運(yun)青海(hai)德(de)令哈（托素）750千伏輸變電(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)等12項新能(neng)源消(xiao)納(na)能(neng)力的省(sheng)內重(zhong)點輸電(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)，提升新能(neng)源外送能(neng)力1500萬千瓦以上(shang)。

主(zhu)要政策點3：深入(ru)挖掘需(xu)求響應(ying)潛力，提高(gao)負荷側對新(xin)能源的調節能力。

需求(qiu)(qiu)側(ce)(ce)響(xiang)應(ying)能力(li)(li)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)調節能力(li)(li)不可忽略的組成部分，其(qi)在節約電(dian)(dian)(dian)網基礎(chu)設施投資的同(tong)時，可有(you)效(xiao)提高(gao)新能源消納水平。在《電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)服務管理(li)辦法(fa)》（國能發監管規〔2021〕61號）中，也明確將提供輔(fu)助(zhu)服務主(zhu)體范(fan)圍由發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)擴大到包括(kuo)新型儲(chu)能、自備電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)、傳統(tong)高(gao)載能工業負荷(he)(he)、工商業可中斷負荷(he)(he)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡(luo)、聚合(he)商、虛擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)等主(zhu)體，這為(wei)挖掘負荷(he)(he)側(ce)(ce)需求(qiu)(qiu)響(xiang)應(ying)潛力(li)(li)提供了(le)政(zheng)策支持。

《實(shi)施方案》提(ti)出深入挖掘(jue)需求響應(ying)(ying)潛力(li)(li)(li)，提(ti)高負(fu)荷(he)側對新能(neng)源的調(diao)節能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。負(fu)荷(he)側靈(ling)(ling)活響應(ying)(ying)潛力(li)(li)(li)的挖掘(jue)，主(zhu)要指通過科學(xue)合理的分時電(dian)價、輔助(zhu)服務等市場價格信(xin)號(hao)或資(zi)金補(bu)貼等激勵機(ji)制，引導鼓勵電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)用戶(hu)優化儲用電(dian)模式，高比例釋放工業(ye)、一般工商業(ye)以及居(ju)民用電(dian)負(fu)荷(he)的彈性，以促進電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)需平衡，盡可能(neng)為消納新能(neng)源提(ti)供(gong)靈(ling)(ling)活響應(ying)(ying)支撐。部分大(da)工業(ye)負(fu)荷(he)存(cun)在較(jiao)大(da)的靈(ling)(ling)活響應(ying)(ying)潛力(li)(li)(li)，應(ying)(ying)積極引導其通過改善生(sheng)產工藝和(he)流程(cheng)，提(ti)升靈(ling)(ling)活響應(ying)(ying)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)，參與(yu)輔助(zhu)服務市場。

聚合各(ge)類調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)性(xing)負荷(he)和(he)儲能的(de)虛擬電廠也將是(shi)挖掘(jue)負荷(he)側靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)(huo)(huo)響(xiang)(xiang)應能力的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)模式。例(li)如近年來快速(su)增長(chang)的(de)數據(ju)中心，其算力任務可(ke)根據(ju)實際需要(yao)在時間和(he)空間上(shang)靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)(huo)(huo)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整，因而(er)用電負荷(he)具有較好的(de)時空可(ke)控(kong)性(xing)，靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)(huo)(huo)響(xiang)(xiang)應潛力巨大，可(ke)通過電力與算力的(de)協同優(you)化調(diao)(diao)(diao)度，實現對系統的(de)靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)(huo)(huo)響(xiang)(xiang)應。

案例2-5國家電網公(gong)司多種(zhong)方式推動需求(qiu)側響應應用

國家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)積(ji)極推動(dong)實施需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)側(ce)響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)，引導(dao)用戶主(zhu)動(dong)主(zhu)動(dong)錯避峰(feng)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)，緩解電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)緊張，填(tian)補(bu)低谷負(fu)荷(he)，提升新能(neng)源消納能(neng)力(li)(li)。2021年(nian)國家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司江蘇電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)組織中長期可調負(fu)荷(he)輔助服務市場交(jiao)(jiao)易，達成(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)易87筆次(ci)，成(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)81萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，實際執(zhi)行填(tian)谷負(fu)荷(he)86萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，電(dian)(dian)(dian)量430萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)。國家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司山(shan)西電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)啟動(dong)基于市場化機制的(de)可控負(fu)荷(he)參與削峰(feng)填(tian)谷響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)，最大調節響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)能(neng)力(li)(li)約(yue)30萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，2021年(nian)開展交(jiao)(jiao)易45次(ci)，累計響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量600萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，最大響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)15萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦。此外，陜西省(sheng)建立了“陜西省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)側(ce)響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)研究(jiu)中心”，培育21家(jia)(jia)負(fu)荷(he)聚合商(shang)，簽約(yue)用戶1086戶，儲備量240萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦的(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)側(ce)響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)簽約(yue)負(fu)荷(he)，占(zhan)最大負(fu)荷(he)的(de)6.8%。2022年(nian)國家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司山(shan)東、上(shang)海(hai)、江蘇、湖北(bei)、陜西電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)公(gong)司在迎(ying)峰(feng)度夏期間積(ji)極采用需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)應(ying)(ying)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)缺口，全力(li)(li)保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)平衡，全力(li)(li)守住民生(sheng)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)底(di)線。

國家電(dian)網公司浙江電(dian)力(li)開發應(ying)用(yong)“區(qu)塊(kuai)鏈+5G”需求響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)系統(tong)，利(li)用(yong)區(qu)塊(kuai)鏈技術(shu)解決(jue)數(shu)據(ju)信(xin)任問(wen)題，利(li)用(yong)5 G網絡解決(jue)數(shu)據(ju)通信(xin)傳輸問(wen)題，二者結合(he)有效(xiao)推動需求響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)實(shi)施。2021年12月，該需求響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)系統(tong)在浙江義烏正(zheng)式開展試點驗(yan)證(zheng)，已上鏈數(shu)據(ju)3.85萬條(tiao)，涉(she)及5G基(ji)(ji)站(zhan)94座(zuo)。該系統(tong)聚合(he)了可中斷復合(he)、用(yong)戶(hu)側儲能(neng)等各種靈活性響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)資源，利(li)用(yong)5G基(ji)(ji)站(zhan)的(de)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)電(dian)池實(shi)現參與(yu)電(dian)網削峰填谷，助力(li)鐵(tie)塔公司打造綠(lv)色基(ji)(ji)站(zhan)，實(shi)現電(dian)力(li)行業(ye)、通信(xin)行業(ye)雙贏和降(jiang)本增效(xiao)。

案例2-6電力與算(suan)力協同優化調度挖掘數據中心負荷靈活性

受(shou)新基(ji)建、網絡(luo)強國、數(shu)(shu)字經濟及等國家政策影響以及新一代信息技術(shu)發展的驅(qu)動(dong)，我國數(shu)(shu)據中心市場規模(mo)持(chi)續擴張(zhang)，業務收入保持(chi)高速增長。

數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心負荷主(zhu)要包括IT設備負荷、制冷負荷、照明負荷等，其中(zhong)IT設備負荷與制冷負荷與其算力任(ren)務(wu)相關(guan)。首先，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心負荷在時間(jian)上具(ju)有靈活(huo)性，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心中(zhong)的批處理(li)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)只要在規定時間(jian)內(nei)處理(li)完畢即可，非實(shi)時任(ren)務(wu)可以適當轉移(yi)或者延遲(chi)處理(li)；其次，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心負荷還具(ju)有空(kong)間(jian)上的靈活(huo)性，同一云服(fu)務(wu)提供(gong)商，可在多地(di)擁有數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心，各(ge)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心之間(jian)通過光纖等傳(chuan)輸(shu)設備，實(shi)現異地(di)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)和工作負載轉移(yi)。因(yin)此，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心能夠(gou)根據(ju)(ju)(ju)電(dian)力調(diao)度中(zhong)心的需要，主(zhu)動進行需求響應，乃至發揮“虛擬電(dian)廠”的功效。

數據(ju)中心在時間維度(du)上轉移負(fu)載，可為(wei)電力系統提供(gong)調峰、調頻等(deng)輔助服務；在空間維度(du)上優化調控負(fu)荷，可推進數據(ju)算(suan)力跨區域流(liu)通，實現(xian)“東數西算(suan)”。

圖(tu)2-1數據(ju)中心負荷靈活響應(ying)示(shi)意圖(tu)

（六）著力(li)提高配電網接納分布式新(xin)能(neng)源的能(neng)力(li)

主(zhu)要(yao)政策點1：發展(zhan)分布式智能電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，推動電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)加強有源(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)（主(zhu)動配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)）規劃(hua)、設(she)計、運行(xing)方法研究，探索開展(zhan)適應分布式新能源(yuan)接入(ru)的直流配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)工(gong)程示范。

隨著我國提(ti)出(chu)碳達峰、碳中和重大(da)(da)(da)(da)宣示，我國新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機容(rong)(rong)量快速(su)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)特(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展取得突出(chu)成就(jiu)。2021年分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)裝機2928萬千瓦，占全部新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)光(guang)(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)53%，新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)裝機首次超過集中式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏。分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)使(shi)得傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)成為(wei)有(you)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隨荷動(dong)轉變(bian)為(wei)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荷互動(dong)。新(xin)(xin)形勢下，分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)對配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃、設(she)計、運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)方法提(ti)出(chu)更大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰。一是(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)出(chu)力具有(you)不(bu)確(que)定性(xing)(xing)和間(jian)歇性(xing)(xing)特(te)(te)征(zheng)，加(jia)(jia)上與(yu)負(fu)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)向互動(dong)，使(shi)得源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荷特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)更加(jia)(jia)復雜，配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃設(she)計與(yu)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)需(xu)要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)考慮源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荷儲互動(dong)條(tiao)件下與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交互特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)，實現(xian)友好接(jie)(jie)入(ru)和就(jiu)地(di)消(xiao)納；二(er)是(shi)由于傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃、設(she)計、運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)主(zhu)要(yao)考慮以化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)燃料為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)，而分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃建(jian)設(she)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)程(cheng)度上受(shou)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)、消(xiao)納負(fu)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，輸配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)需(xu)要(yao)進一步考慮到大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題；三是(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)設(she)周期存在(zai)不(bu)匹配(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，因此，當前部分(fen)(fen)(fen)地(di)區，特(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)富集地(di)區，出(chu)現(xian)了輸配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量不(bu)夠(gou)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納空間(jian)不(bu)足等(deng)問(wen)(wen)題；四是(shi)規(gui)模(mo)化分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)會對上級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)產生(sheng)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)改變(bian)，在(zai)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)中，也(ye)要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)考慮規(gui)模(mo)化分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)后對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)整體運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，加(jia)(jia)強輸、配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銜接(jie)(jie)。

有源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，需要從(cong)電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統整(zheng)體網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架結構(gou)(gou)出(chu)發，充分結合分布式電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納需求，加(jia)強(qiang)輸(shu)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和(he)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)銜接，迭代優化電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)方案，將一貫(guan)從(cong)高電(dian)壓等(deng)級向低電(dian)壓等(deng)級輸(shu)電(dian)的(de)傳統電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)逐漸轉型(xing)發展為輸(shu)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和(he)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)高效互動(dong)的(de)新型(xing)電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統。為此《實(shi)施(shi)方案》提(ti)(ti)出(chu)推(tui)動(dong)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業加(jia)強(qiang)有源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)（主動(dong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)）規(gui)劃(hua)、設(she)計、運(yun)行(xing)方法(fa)研(yan)究(jiu)，以供電(dian)安全可靠保障為基礎，統籌協調電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃(hua)與新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展，規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)與新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納相適(shi)應的(de)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架結構(gou)(gou)。《“十四五”現代能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)(xi)規(gui)劃(hua)》也提(ti)(ti)出(chu)，加(jia)快配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)改造升級，推(tui)動(dong)智能(neng)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、主動(dong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，提(ti)(ti)高配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)接納新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)多元化負荷的(de)承載力和(he)靈活(huo)性，促進(jin)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優先就地就近開發利用。

分布式新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)是構建新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)占比逐漸(jian)提高的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)一環，有(you)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)作為承載分布式新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)，在提供供電(dian)能力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，還(huan)將具備平衡多(duo)元電(dian)力(li)(li)需求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能。未(wei)來圍(wei)繞分布式新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)開展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)元化應用(yong)場景將不斷開拓，依托“源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)荷儲”一體化、新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)、光伏直流側(ce)直接利用(yong)、直流配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)工程示范等新(xin)模式，有(you)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)將向著分布式新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)與智慧(hui)交(jiao)通(tong)、綠(lv)色建筑、工業園(yuan)區等應用(yong)場景融合發展(zhan)。新(xin)形勢下，需要進一步深入研究不同環節對有(you)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)規劃、設(she)(she)計、運(yun)行提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)要求(qiu)，將有(you)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)作為電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)一部分統(tong)籌考(kao)慮，統(tong)一規劃、統(tong)一設(she)(she)計、統(tong)一管理。

案例2-7示范建設有源配電網適應新能源大規模接(jie)入新格局(ju)

在加(jia)快構建(jian)新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統進程中，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)承載(zai)著(zhu)源網(wang)(wang)(wang)荷儲(chu)(chu)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)互(hu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)作用，涵蓋電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)生產、傳輸、存儲(chu)(chu)和消(xiao)費的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部(bu)環節，浙江(jiang)省(sheng)麗(li)水市新能(neng)源資源豐(feng)富，“十(shi)四(si)五”期間(jian)將新增裝(zhuang)機190萬千瓦，面對超過45%的(de)(de)(de)新能(neng)源將以分布式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態(tai)接(jie)入(ru)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、系統運(yun)(yun)行(xing)方(fang)式(shi)更加(jia)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)實際情(qing)況，國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)司(si)麗(li)水供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)統籌電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)基(ji)礎設施補(bu)強和電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)彈性(xing)(xing)互(hu)動(dong)提(ti)(ti)升，從“網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)提(ti)(ti)升、彈性(xing)(xing)升級、智(zhi)敏運(yun)(yun)檢”三維發力(li)，建(jian)設網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)靈活(huo)(huo)、安(an)全(quan)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)、高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)互(hu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)彈性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。在網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)提(ti)(ti)升方(fang)面，打造簡潔標準、靈活(huo)(huo)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)的(de)(de)(de)一次網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)。在彈性(xing)(xing)升級方(fang)面，推動(dong)網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)結(jie)構由傳統單向無源網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡向柔性(xing)(xing)互(hu)聯(lian)、微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、局部(bu)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)等供(gong)需互(hu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)源網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡轉型(xing)。在智(zhi)能(neng)運(yun)(yun)檢方(fang)面，因地制宜選用5G、北斗(dou)等技(ji)術(shu)提(ti)(ti)升配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)自動(dong)化覆(fu)蓋率，部(bu)署網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡動(dong)態(tai)重(zhong)構、無功自動(dong)優化等高(gao)(gao)級應用，推動(dong)配(pei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)從物(wu)理態(tai)向數(shu)字態(tai)發展躍(yue)變，促進配(pei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)可(ke)(ke)觀(guan)可(ke)(ke)測、靈活(huo)(huo)自愈、全(quan)景透(tou)明。

浙(zhe)江省麗水市高承載高自(zi)愈的有(you)源(yuan)配電(dian)(dian)網示(shi)范(fan)推動了我國(guo)新型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統建(jian)(jian)設進(jin)程，后續可基(ji)于麗水有(you)源(yuan)配電(dian)(dian)網示(shi)范(fan)建(jian)(jian)設因地制宜推廣復制，助力(li)實現全(quan)國(guo)清潔能源(yuan)高效消(xiao)納，保障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)網的安(an)全(quan)穩定與(yu)系(xi)(xi)統平(ping)衡。

主要政策(ce)點(dian)2：加大投資建設改造力度，提(ti)高配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)智能(neng)化水平(ping)，著(zhu)力提(ti)升(sheng)配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)接入分布式新(xin)能(neng)源的能(neng)力。

近年來(lai)國家(jia)一直(zhi)鼓(gu)勵配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建設(she)發展(zhan)(zhan)，隨著風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏、氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、儲能(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車等(deng)在(zai)(zai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側接(jie)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)中的(de)(de)作(zuo)用愈發重要，成為(wei)連接(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生產、轉(zhuan)換、消費的(de)(de)關鍵。配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)目標也從較為(wei)單一的(de)(de)提供(gong)(gong)優質可靠(kao)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務(wu)向清潔低(di)碳、安全(quan)(quan)可靠(kao)、泛在(zai)(zai)互(hu)聯、高效互(hu)動、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)開(kai)放(fang)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)方向逐步演進。與此同(tong)時，大規(gui)模分布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)給配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)帶來(lai)了強(qiang)不確定(ding)(ding)性和(he)弱慣(guan)性，這對于(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)造(zao)成一定(ding)(ding)挑戰。例如，目前我國華東地(di)區已經出現支撐電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不足、負荷中心(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)空(kong)心(xin)化(hua)的(de)(de)趨勢，快速發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)難以(yi)像傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一樣提供(gong)(gong)轉(zhuan)動慣(guan)量、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)支持等(deng)系統(tong)支撐，有源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)頻率調節(jie)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)控(kong)制等(deng)安全(quan)(quan)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)問題凸(tu)顯(xian)，系統(tong)潮流(liu)流(liu)向可能(neng)(neng)發生較大變化(hua)和(he)波動。因(yin)此，為(wei)匹配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)消納(na)需(xu)求，需(xu)要結(jie)合配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)現狀，提高配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)水平，統(tong)籌(chou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)安全(quan)(quan)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)與分布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)，在(zai)(zai)保(bao)障系統(tong)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)基礎上實現分布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)最大化(hua)接(jie)入(ru)。

配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)作為(wei)分(fen)布(bu)式新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納(na)的(de)(de)(de)支撐(cheng)平(ping)臺以及多元電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力信息(xi)集(ji)成的(de)(de)(de)數據平(ping)臺，是提(ti)(ti)高分(fen)布(bu)式新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)承載(zai)力和(he)靈活性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。因此，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)升級(ji)改(gai)造對于(yu)分(fen)布(bu)式新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)規模化(hua)(hua)接入重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)尤為(wei)凸顯。為(wei)此《實施方案》提(ti)(ti)出加大投(tou)資改(gai)造力度，提(ti)(ti)高配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)水平(ping)。推動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)投(tou)資、技(ji)術(shu)支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)力向(xiang)配(pei)網(wang)傾斜(xie)，不斷提(ti)(ti)升配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)對分(fen)布(bu)式新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)主動(dong)響應(ying)和(he)服務(wu)能(neng)(neng)力。推動(dong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)升級(ji)，感知全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、分(fen)布(bu)式新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)信息(xi)，實現對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供需動(dong)態變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)跟蹤監測，統籌分(fen)布(bu)式新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)需求，提(ti)(ti)供智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)。2022年(nian)1月(yue)發布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)《關于(yu)完善能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綠色低碳轉型體(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)和(he)政策措施的(de)(de)(de)意見(jian)》（發改(gai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)〔2022〕206號）也提(ti)(ti)出，大力推進高比例容(rong)納(na)分(fen)布(bu)式新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設(she)，鼓勵建設(she)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)儲一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)、多能(neng)(neng)互補的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)慧能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統和(he)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。

未來隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)轉型升級，分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車、儲能(neng)(neng)等可控負荷的(de)廣泛接入，以及可再生能(neng)(neng)源替代、綜合能(neng)(neng)源服務、基(ji)于數(shu)字(zi)技術(shu)的(de)“虛擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)”的(de)快速發展(zhan)，都亟需更加靈活(huo)互動(dong)的(de)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系(xi)統作(zuo)為(wei)載體(ti)。通(tong)過智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)技術(shu)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)賦能(neng)(neng)，實現對分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源設施的(de)廣泛接入、調控能(neng)(neng)力，促進新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源就近供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、就地消納。同時，配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系(xi)統中較為(wei)容易產(chan)生新(xin)業(ye)態新(xin)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)環節，未來將通(tong)過一系(xi)列政策措施，鼓勵(li)結合相關項目開展(zhan)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)改造升級試點示范，支持新(xin)技術(shu)應用和商(shang)業(ye)模(mo)式(shi)，共同支撐配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)水(shui)平(ping)與分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源協調發展(zhan)。

案(an)例2-8推動配電網智能化升(sheng)(sheng)級提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)接入分(fen)布(bu)式新能源(yuan)能力

在“雙碳”目標、推(tui)(tui)動整縣(xian)屋頂光(guang)伏建設等相關政(zheng)策背(bei)景下(xia)，山東省魚臺(tai)(tai)縣(xian)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏高速增長(chang)，呈現“點(dian)多面廣(guang)、局部高密度并網(wang)”的(de)特點(dian)。提高分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量可觀可測(ce)性，支(zhi)撐分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)新能源接入配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)，推(tui)(tui)動電(dian)(dian)網(wang)向(xiang)能源互聯網(wang)升(sheng)級，是魚臺(tai)(tai)縣(xian)配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)智(zhi)能化發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)重點(dian)方向(xiang)。

國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)公司(si)魚臺(tai)(tai)縣供電(dian)公司(si)將電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設融(rong)入縣域配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)規劃。面對(dui)(dui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏快速發(fa)展(zhan)帶來的電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)接入能(neng)(neng)力不足及(ji)(ji)(ji)配(pei)(pei)(pei)變重過(guo)載、用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)過(guo)電(dian)壓等(deng)安(an)全問題，優化(hua)(hua)投資(zi)策略，加大(da)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)項目支持力度，推進(jin)調(diao)(diao)度自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)、營銷(xiao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)系(xi)統、用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)智(zhi)慧平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)等(deng)多方平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)信息資(zi)源(yuan)建(jian)設，發(fa)揮大(da)數據(ju)融(rong)合創新，全面開展(zhan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏監測控(kong)制(zhi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)工(gong)作。對(dui)(dui)魚臺(tai)(tai)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)10千伏及(ji)(ji)(ji)以下(xia)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏數據(ju)進(jin)行“網(wang)(wang)(wang)格化(hua)(hua)”分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)區展(zhan)示，實(shi)現了光(guang)伏位(wei)置精(jing)準(zhun)定(ding)位(wei)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)鄉鎮、用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)為單位(wei)的發(fa)電(dian)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)數據(ju)實(shi)時可觀；對(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)系(xi)統和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)智(zhi)慧平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)數據(ju)進(jin)行整合、挖掘和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析，實(shi)現分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏精(jing)準(zhun)監測；依(yi)托調(diao)(diao)度自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)、營銷(xiao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)系(xi)統，對(dui)(dui)10千伏分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏遠程平(ping)(ping)滑調(diao)(diao)節、低(di)壓分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏線上(shang)聯(lian)動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)，實(shi)現分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏可調(diao)(diao)可控(kong)。配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)升(sheng)級有助于提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)接入配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)能(neng)(neng)力，提(ti)(ti)高消納利用(yong)(yong)(yong)水平(ping)(ping)。

魚臺縣在配電網智能化水平提升方(fang)面的探(tan)索為(wei)今后分布式光伏(fu)合理化布局、有序接入以及配套電網發展規劃(hua)建(jian)設提供(gong)輔助決策和科學(xue)依據(ju)。

主要(yao)政策點3：合理確(que)定配電(dian)網接(jie)入分布式新能源比例要(yao)求(qiu)

2021年(nian)，以整(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)（市、區）為單位(wei)推動屋頂(ding)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏開(kai)發(fa)(fa)政(zheng)策(ce)出臺，推動了(le)(le)整(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)（市、區）分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)統(tong)一規劃、統(tong)一開(kai)發(fa)(fa)、統(tong)一建設(she)，提(ti)升了(le)(le)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規模效應、經濟效益和電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)友好性，全(quan)國(guo)共(gong)計676個縣(xian)（市、區）參與項目(mu)申報(bao)并(bing)被列(lie)為整(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)（市、區）屋頂(ding)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏開(kai)發(fa)(fa)試點，分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏進入(ru)(ru)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)展階段。在(zai)(zai)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求方面，2019年(nian)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)承載力評估(gu)(gu)導則》（DL/T 2041-2019）作為目(mu)前評估(gu)(gu)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏接(jie)(jie)網(wang)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)依據，詳細制定了(le)(le)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)網(wang)評估(gu)(gu)流程，將熱(re)穩定、短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓偏差等關(guan)鍵因素納入(ru)(ru)評估(gu)(gu)范圍(wei)，對(dui)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)有重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指導意義。但隨著(zhu)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)展規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷提(ti)高，分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大范圍(wei)、多點接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，對(dui)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)銜接(jie)(jie)、調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規模和布(bu)(bu)(bu)局等方面提(ti)出更高需(xu)求，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)各地區在(zai)(zai)充分(fen)考慮負荷增長幅(fu)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下，科學(xue)合(he)理評估(gu)(gu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)接(jie)(jie)納分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力。在(zai)(zai)落(luo)實國(guo)家雙(shuang)碳戰略目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)新形勢下，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進行深入(ru)(ru)研(yan)究。

隨著分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)配(pei)網(wang)的規模不(bu)斷增加(jia)，需(xu)要統(tong)籌協(xie)調分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展與輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設(she)、改造時序，科學客觀地確定各個臺區接(jie)(jie)入(ru)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)的比例(li)。因此《實施方案(an)》提出合理確定配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)比例(li)要求(qiu)，因地制(zhi)宜(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)不(bu)同區域負(fu)荷(he)特性、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)現狀(zhuang)及規劃目標、新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)稟賦及發(fa)展目標，從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)整(zheng)體角度(du)出發(fa)，充分(fen)(fen)(fen)考慮負(fu)荷(he)增長(chang)、系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)平衡、輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)銜接(jie)(jie)等多重因素，對分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)在配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)的接(jie)(jie)入(ru)規模綜合分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)，統(tong)籌安排分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)和配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設(she)改造進度(du)，科學合理提升分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)比例(li)，有(you)效解(jie)決(jue)大規模分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)后帶來的系統(tong)調峰資源(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)足、輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)容量(liang)不(bu)夠、影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)安全穩(wen)定等問題(ti)。

同時，根據實際情況，可進(jin)一步(bu)考慮(lv)針對配電網(wang)(wang)(wang)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)能(neng)力和(he)提升(sheng)措施(shi)建立(li)常態化(hua)評估(gu)機制(zhi)，形成完善的定期評估(gu)監管和(he)發布(bu)(bu)(bu)機制(zhi)，從源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)荷儲協調發展(zhan)角度(du)科(ke)學判斷、量化(hua)評估(gu)，深刻剖析制(zhi)約(yue)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)的問題。充分(fen)考慮(lv)電力系統技(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)(xin)進(jin)步(bu)，研究采用(yong)新(xin)(xin)型配電網(wang)(wang)(wang)技(ji)術(shu)、新(xin)(xin)型儲能(neng)、需求(qiu)側響應、虛擬電廠等措施(shi)提高分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)能(neng)力的可行性，以引導分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)優化(hua)布(bu)(bu)(bu)局，促進(jin)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與電網(wang)(wang)(wang)協調發展(zhan)，推動實施(shi)相關分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)接(jie)網(wang)(wang)(wang)條件(jian)提升(sheng)措施(shi)，保(bao)障分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)健康可持續(xu)發展(zhan)。

案例2-9試行公布(bu)可開放容(rong)量助力分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光伏(fu)發展

在整縣(xian)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)推(tui)進過(guo)程中，部分(fen)(fen)地區(qu)(qu)出現了短期內并網的(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)超過(guo)電(dian)網承載(zai)能力的(de)現象(xiang)，暫緩了分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)備案(an)和并網申請(qing)。為(wei)預防此類問題，福建省(sheng)長汀(ting)縣(xian)率先試(shi)行(xing)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)可(ke)開(kai)放(fang)容(rong)量(liang)信息公開(kai)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)辦(ban)法，每月定期根據長汀(ting)縣(xian)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)累計并網容(rong)量(liang)進行(xing)動態更新110千伏(fu)(fu)及以下配(pei)電(dian)網設備的(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)可(ke)開(kai)放(fang)容(rong)量(liang)，并向社會公開(kai)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)。試(shi)行(xing)辦(ban)法以切實提升分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)消納能力和并網服務水平、指導分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)有序合理開(kai)發(fa)(fa)為(wei)目標，對全縣(xian)變電(dian)站、配(pei)電(dian)臺區(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)可(ke)開(kai)放(fang)容(rong)量(liang)進行(xing)電(dian)網承載(zai)能力評估(gu)和可(ke)開(kai)放(fang)容(rong)量(liang)測算(suan)，明確具體(ti)計算(suan)方法和判斷(duan)標準，并針對暫不具備消納條(tiao)件的(de)區(qu)(qu)域，提出開(kai)發(fa)(fa)建設的(de)建議。

該辦(ban)法是(shi)推動分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光伏健康可(ke)持續發(fa)展邁出的(de)重要一步，后續可(ke)進一步結合局部電(dian)力系(xi)統實(shi)際情(qing)況(kuang)，開(kai)展容量測算分(fen)析的(de)合理性、提升措施(shi)的(de)可(ke)行性評估(gu)，科學合理引導分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光伏開(kai)發(fa)，優(you)先(xian)向新(xin)能源消納(na)潛力大、電(dian)網(wang)承載力強的(de)區(qu)域發(fa)展，提高電(dian)力系(xi)統對大規模(mo)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能源接網(wang)和(he)消納(na)的(de)適(shi)應(ying)性，保障電(dian)力系(xi)統安全運行和(he)可(ke)靠供(gong)應(ying)。

案例2-10南(nan)方電網公(gong)司開展整(zheng)縣屋頂分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光伏接入系統(tong)專(zhuan)項規劃研究，支撐能源綠色低碳發展

南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司為促進分布式屋頂(ding)光(guang)伏(fu)資源有序開(kai)(kai)發，提前做好配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)改造升級，實(shi)現分布式光(guang)伏(fu)“應并盡并”的(de)目(mu)標，在(zai)開(kai)(kai)展“十四五”新(xin)能源接(jie)入(ru)系統規劃研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，進一步開(kai)(kai)展南方(fang)五省(sheng)區(qu)105個整(zheng)縣(xian)分布式屋頂(ding)光(guang)伏(fu)試點區(qu)縣(xian)專項規劃，測算整(zheng)縣(xian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)承載能力及新(xin)能源消納(na)情況，分析(xi)整(zheng)縣(xian)屋頂(ding)分布式光(guang)伏(fu)接(jie)入(ru)的(de)影響(xiang)因素，研(yan)究(jiu)整(zheng)縣(xian)光(guang)伏(fu)可接(jie)入(ru)容量，制(zhi)定整(zheng)縣(xian)光(guang)伏(fu)典(dian)型接(jie)入(ru)方(fang)案和配套(tao)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設(she)方(fang)案。

（七(qi)）穩妥推進新能源參(can)與(yu)電力(li)市(shi)場交易(yi)

主要政策點1：支(zhi)持新(xin)能源項目與用戶開展直接交易，鼓勵簽(qian)訂長期購售電協議(yi)，電網(wang)企業應(ying)采取有(you)效措施確(que)保協議(yi)執行。

新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)參與電力市場交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)是促進新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納的重要途徑(jing)。為支持和(he)規(gui)范各(ge)地開展電力交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)，2016和(he)2020年(nian)，國(guo)家(jia)發展改(gai)(gai)革委、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局分別印發《電力中長期(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)基(ji)本(ben)規(gui)則（暫行）》（發改(gai)(gai)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)〔2016〕2784號）、《電力中長期(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)基(ji)本(ben)規(gui)則》（發改(gai)(gai)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)〔2020〕889號），明確提出(chu)由各(ge)電力交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機構負責(ze)組織開展可再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電力相(xiang)關交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)。

由(you)于歷(li)史沿革和(he)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統運(yun)行(xing)(xing)特點(dian)，當前階段我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)工(gong)業(ye)正處于計(ji)劃(hua)與(yu)市(shi)場(chang)雙(shuang)軌運(yun)行(xing)(xing)階段。為(wei)保障(zhang)我國(guo)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)健(jian)康平穩發(fa)(fa)展，國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展改革委、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局于2019年發(fa)(fa)布(bu)《關于規(gui)范優(you)(you)先發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)優(you)(you)先購電(dian)(dian)計(ji)劃(hua)管(guan)理的通(tong)(tong)知》，將新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)列(lie)為(wei)優(you)(you)先發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的支持(chi)范圍。根據文件(jian)精神(shen)，風電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)在(zai)消(xiao)納不(bu)受(shou)限地(di)區全額(e)電(dian)(dian)量列(lie)入發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)計(ji)劃(hua)，在(zai)消(xiao)納受(shou)限地(di)區要采(cai)取合理有效(xiao)措施(shi)，確保全額(e)保障(zhang)性收購政策(ce)有效(xiao)執行(xing)(xing)。同(tong)時(shi)，為(wei)適應(ying)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)體制市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)改革要求(qiu)，文件(jian)鼓勵新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)過市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)方(fang)式(shi)落實可再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)優(you)(you)先發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)政策(ce)。

2022年，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)革委(wei)、國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局印發(fa)(fa)《關于(yu)加(jia)快建(jian)設全國統一電力市(shi)場(chang)體(ti)系的(de)指導(dao)意見》（發(fa)(fa)改(gai)體(ti)改(gai)〔2022〕118號），對新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)參(can)與市(shi)場(chang)、開展直接交易(yi)進行(xing)了更(geng)為明確的(de)規定，提出有序推動新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)參(can)與電力市(shi)場(chang)交易(yi)，引導(dao)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)簽訂較(jiao)長期限(xian)的(de)中長期合同，鼓勵分布(bu)式(shi)光伏、分散式(shi)風(feng)電等主體(ti)與周(zhou)邊用戶直接交易(yi)。到2030年，實現新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)全面參(can)與市(shi)場(chang)交易(yi)。

目前，全(quan)國絕大部分省區均(jun)已建成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)，為新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)參(can)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力交易(yi)創造(zao)了有利條件。初步(bu)統(tong)計，已有二(er)十多個(ge)省（自治區、直轄市(shi)(shi)(shi)）的新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目不同(tong)程度參(can)與(yu)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化交易(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)交易(yi)機(ji)制可(ke)以在更大程度發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)作用(yong)，調動(dong)系統(tong)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實(shi)現(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納，但現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)價格的波(bo)動(dong)性較大，直接(jie)參(can)與(yu)現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)交易(yi)會(hui)對新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目主體收益(yi)造(zao)成影響(xiang)。為進一步(bu)發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制對新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納的促進作用(yong)，同(tong)時保(bao)障新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目開發(fa)主體的合理收益(yi)，《實(shi)施方(fang)案》提(ti)出“支持(chi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目與(yu)用(yong)戶開展(zhan)直接(jie)交易(yi)，鼓勵簽訂(ding)長期(qi)購(gou)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)協(xie)議，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)應采取有效措施確保(bao)協(xie)議執行(xing)(xing)”，旨在鼓勵新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)企業(ye)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長期(qi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成本(ben)優(you)勢(shi)和綠色屬性優(you)勢(shi)，通過簽訂(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長期(qi)購(gou)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)協(xie)議方(fang)式(shi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)戶直接(jie)交易(yi)，以規(gui)避市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)波(bo)動(dong)風險，鎖定預期(qi)收益(yi)。同(tong)時強調電(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司要(yao)確保(bao)協(xie)議執行(xing)(xing)，真正(zheng)落實(shi)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優(you)先(xian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)政策。

案(an)例(li)2-11國電投與(yu)巴斯夫簽(qian)署國內首個25年綠電購電協議

2022年3月，國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)投(tou)集團(tuan)廣東(dong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)與巴(ba)斯夫(fu)一體(ti)化基地(di)(di)（廣東(dong)）有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)根據廣東(dong)省(sheng)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)交易(yi)規則簽署(shu)了一份為期25年的可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)合作(zuo)框架協議，為巴(ba)斯夫(fu)位于中國(guo)廣東(dong)省(sheng)湛(zhan)江(jiang)市的新(xin)一體(ti)化基地(di)(di)后續裝置供應(ying)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)，助力(li)(li)巴(ba)斯夫(fu)湛(zhan)江(jiang)一體(ti)化基地(di)(di)推進其(qi)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)進程，在2025年實現100%使用可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)。

合(he)理的(de)長期(qi)購售電(dian)協議對(dui)新能源投(tou)資企業和用戶都是一個有利的(de)選擇。相(xiang)(xiang)比煤電(dian)等(deng)化石能源企業，新能源投(tou)資企業需要(yao)一個相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)穩定且長期(qi)的(de)價格預期(qi)，才有利于進行(xing)投(tou)資測算和具體決策(ce)，長期(qi)的(de)購售電(dian)合(he)同(tong)能夠(gou)(gou)滿足這一需求。對(dui)于電(dian)力用戶而言，也能夠(gou)(gou)明(ming)確(que)長期(qi)使用可再生能源電(dian)力的(de)代(dai)價。

隨(sui)著國(guo)內外對于綠電(dian)需求的(de)增加，越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)用(yong)電(dian)企業(ye)有意愿與新能(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)企業(ye)簽(qian)(qian)署(shu)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)購電(dian)協(xie)議（PPA）。國(guo)家電(dian)投與巴斯(si)夫(fu)簽(qian)(qian)署(shu)長(chang)達(da)25年的(de)用(yong)電(dian)合同，為(wei)國(guo)內新能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)目簽(qian)(qian)訂長(chang)期(qi)購售(shou)電(dian)協(xie)議做了有益的(de)探索。

主(zhu)要政(zheng)策點(dian)2：對國家已(yi)明確價格(ge)政(zheng)策的新能源項目，電(dian)(dian)網企業應按照有關法(fa)規嚴格(ge)落實(shi)全額保(bao)障性收購(gou)政(zheng)策，全生命周期合理(li)小時數外電(dian)(dian)量(liang)可以參與電(dian)(dian)力市場交易。

為保(bao)(bao)障新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業健康穩定發(fa)(fa)展，我國頒(ban)布的(de)《可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)》明確規(gui)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業全額收(shou)購(gou)(gou)可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)并(bing)網發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)的(de)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。2016年(nian)3月，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展改革(ge)委發(fa)(fa)布《關于印發(fa)(fa)&lt;可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)全額保(bao)(bao)障性(xing)(xing)(xing)收(shou)購(gou)(gou)管(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)&gt;的(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》（發(fa)(fa)改能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)〔2016〕625號），明確將可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)并(bing)網發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)年(nian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)分(fen)為保(bao)(bao)障性(xing)(xing)(xing)收(shou)購(gou)(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和市場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)兩(liang)部分(fen)。其中，保(bao)(bao)障性(xing)(xing)(xing)收(shou)購(gou)(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)部分(fen)通(tong)(tong)過優先(xian)(xian)安(an)排年(nian)度發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃、與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司簽訂優先(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)合同(tong)(tong)保(bao)(bao)障全額按標桿上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價收(shou)購(gou)(gou)；市場(chang)化交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)部分(fen)由可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業通(tong)(tong)過參與(yu)市場(chang)競(jing)爭方式(shi)獲得發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)合同(tong)(tong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業按照優先(xian)(xian)調度原(yuan)則(ze)執行發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)合同(tong)(tong)。該政策(ce)的(de)出臺，達到了完成新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)全額保(bao)(bao)障性(xing)(xing)(xing)收(shou)購(gou)(gou)，以(yi)及通(tong)(tong)過市場(chang)化方式(shi)促進新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納的(de)雙重(zhong)效果。

近年來，隨著(zhu)新(xin)能源(yuan)大規模發展，新(xin)能源(yuan)裝機比例越來越高，部分(fen)地區超過(guo)了(le)50%，在(zai)部分(fen)時(shi)段部分(fen)地區出現了(le)消納困難的情況(kuang)，也發生了(le)部分(fen)地區自行降(jiang)低(di)新(xin)能源(yuan)保(bao)障(zhang)利(li)用小時(shi)數的現象，迫使新(xin)能源(yuan)企業只得以(yi)較低(di)電價在(zai)電力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)中競得發電權，損害了(le)新(xin)能源(yuan)投資開發企業合法權益。鑒于此(ci)，《實施方案(an)》明(ming)確要求(qiu)嚴(yan)格(ge)落(luo)實全額保(bao)障(zhang)性收購政(zheng)策，在(zai)全生命周期(qi)合理小時(shi)數內電量(liang)嚴(yan)格(ge)落(luo)實收購政(zheng)策，切實保(bao)障(zhang)新(xin)能源(yuan)企業合法權益。與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi)，《實施方案(an)》再次強(qiang)調支持新(xin)能源(yuan)企業在(zai)全生命周期(qi)合理小時(shi)數以(yi)外電量(liang)參(can)與(yu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)競爭(zheng)，通(tong)過(guo)“計劃(hua)為主、市(shi)場(chang)(chang)為輔(fu)”的方式保(bao)障(zhang)存量(liang)有(you)價格(ge)政(zheng)策項目投資收益，確保(bao)新(xin)能源(yuan)由計劃(hua)向市(shi)場(chang)(chang)平穩(wen)過(guo)渡。

主要政策點(dian)(dian)3：在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力現貨(huo)市場(chang)試點(dian)(dian)地區(qu)，鼓勵新(xin)能源項目以差(cha)價合約形(xing)式參與電(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)交易。

電(dian)(dian)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)具有(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)力實時(shi)價格、準確反映電(dian)(dian)能(neng)供需關(guan)系的重要作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。2017年(nian)，國家發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)委、國家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)《關(guan)于開展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建(jian)設試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的通(tong)知》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)辦能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)〔2017〕1453號），將廣東、蒙西、浙江(jiang)等8個(ge)地(di)區作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為第一(yi)(yi)批電(dian)(dian)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)。2021年(nian)印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)《關(guan)于進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)做好電(dian)(dian)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建(jian)設試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的通(tong)知》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)辦體改(gai)(gai)〔2021〕339號），選擇遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、上海市(shi)(shi)(shi)、江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、安徽省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、河南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、湖(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為第二批現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)，提(ti)(ti)出“穩妥有(you)序推動(dong)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)參與電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)”。2022年(nian)2月(yue)，《國家發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)委辦公廳國家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)綜合(he)(he)司關(guan)于加快推進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建(jian)設工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的通(tong)知》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)辦體改(gai)(gai)〔2022〕129號）發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)，提(ti)(ti)出第一(yi)(yi)批試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)地(di)區原則(ze)上2022年(nian)開展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)長周期連續試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運行(xing)，第二批試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)地(di)區原則(ze)上在2022年(nian)6月(yue)底前(qian)啟動(dong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運行(xing)。同時(shi)提(ti)(ti)出，推動(dong)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自愿參與電(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易，充分體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的環境(jing)價值和(he)系統(tong)消納成本，建(jian)立與新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)特(te)性相適應的交(jiao)易機(ji)制，滿足新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對合(he)(he)同電(dian)(dian)量、曲線的靈活調(diao)節需求，在保障(zhang)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合(he)(he)理收益的前(qian)提(ti)(ti)下，鼓(gu)勵新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以差價合(he)(he)約形式參與現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。

新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)參(can)與現貨(huo)市場(chang)(chang)交易以中長(chang)期(qi)交易合(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)為基礎。中長(chang)期(qi)市場(chang)(chang)目前主要(yao)存在兩種合(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)形式(shi)，即物(wu)理(li)(li)合(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)和(he)差價(jia)合(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)。物(wu)理(li)(li)合(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)要(yao)求(qiu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)嚴(yan)格按照合(he)同(tong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)定曲(qu)線(xian)安排電(dian)力(li)生產(chan)，考慮(lv)到新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)出力(li)的間歇性(xing)(xing)和(he)波動性(xing)(xing)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)以物(wu)理(li)(li)合(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)為基礎參(can)與現貨(huo)市場(chang)(chang)具有(you)(you)實際困(kun)難。而(er)差價(jia)合(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)屬于金融合(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)，不要(yao)求(qiu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)嚴(yan)格執行約(yue)(yue)(yue)定曲(qu)線(xian)，而(er)在電(dian)費(fei)結算時根據現貨(huo)市場(chang)(chang)電(dian)價(jia)與合(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)價(jia)的差值予以調(diao)整。因此，差價(jia)合(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)是(shi)對沖新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)出力(li)不可控性(xing)(xing)所帶來的市場(chang)(chang)風險的有(you)(you)效(xiao)手段，也是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)參(can)與現貨(huo)市場(chang)(chang)交易的有(you)(you)利(li)選(xuan)擇(ze)。

有鑒(jian)于此，《實施(shi)方案》提出，在電(dian)力(li)現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)試點地區，鼓勵新能(neng)源(yuan)項目(mu)以差價合(he)約(yue)形式參與電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)交易，從(cong)而(er)實現(xian)既(ji)通過(guo)現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)機制促進新能(neng)源(yuan)消納，又(you)在一定程度上保證新能(neng)源(yuan)投資開發(fa)企(qi)業(ye)的合(he)理(li)收益。

案例2-12某現貨(huo)試點(dian)采取(qu)多種差價合約方式促進新(xin)能源消納保證合理(li)收益

隨著新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)機占(zhan)(zhan)比及(ji)發電(dian)量(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)比逐年增(zeng)加，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)已經成(cheng)為電(dian)力市(shi)場的重要參(can)與(yu)者，同(tong)時由于新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)出力的波(bo)動性和不可(ke)控性，完全參(can)與(yu)現(xian)貨市(shi)場無(wu)法保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)其(qi)合理收(shou)益。在第一批電(dian)力現(xian)貨試點(dian)中，某試點(dian)積(ji)極探索新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)采用多種形式差(cha)價合約方(fang)式參(can)與(yu)市(shi)場，促進新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)消納，保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)主體合理收(shou)益。

一是(shi)(shi)在外(wai)送電(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中，按照新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)預(yu)測曲線滾動(dong)分(fen)(fen)解新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)中長期(qi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，分(fen)(fen)解曲線用于(yu)現貨市場(chang)的偏差(cha)結算(suan)；二(er)是(shi)(shi)省內(nei)中長期(qi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)由電(dian)量交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)改為分(fen)(fen)時段電(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，鼓勵(li)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)場(chang)站(zhan)通過(guo)提(ti)高預(yu)測精度實(shi)現更高收(shou)益；三是(shi)(shi)對于(yu)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)現貨市場(chang)偏差(cha)電(dian)量超過(guo)30%的部分(fen)(fen)在現貨市場(chang)中造成的偏差(cha)虧損給(gei)予補(bu)償，降低新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)中長期(qi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)風險；四是(shi)(shi)縮短交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)周期(qi)，實(shi)現了中長期(qi)月內(nei)連(lian)續開市，開展發(fa)電(dian)權隨時轉讓交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)品種，為新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)參(can)與(yu)市場(chang)規避風險提(ti)供便利。

通過多(duo)種措施(shi)，新(xin)能(neng)源提高(gao)了市(shi)(shi)場收益，協調了省間和省內市(shi)(shi)場，統(tong)一了保供應和促(cu)(cu)消納的(de)關系，實現發用雙方共贏，促(cu)(cu)進(jin)新(xin)能(neng)源良(liang)性高(gao)質量發展(zhan)。

案(an)例2-13南方電(dian)網公司(si)持續完善綠色電(dian)力(li)交易和可再生能源電(dian)力(li)消納(na)量市(shi)場建(jian)設

2022年南方(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司印發全國(guo)首個區(qu)域(yu)(yu)市場綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交易規(gui)則《南方(fang)(fang)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交易規(gui)則（試行）》，面向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)代購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用戶建立了(le)(le)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)認(ren)購(gou)交易機制(zhi)，滿足了(le)(le)中小企(qi)業綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)消費(fei)需求。開發南方(fang)(fang)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交易系統，實現綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)賬戶統一(yi)(yi)管理、認(ren)購(gou)交易統一(yi)(yi)組織、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)統一(yi)(yi)管理。推動南方(fang)(fang)五省(sheng)區(qu)常態化開展(zhan)南方(fang)(fang)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交易，全年共成交綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)38.3億(yi)千瓦時，同比增(zeng)長280%，助力(li)(li)(li)公司總部基地(di)、海(hai)南博(bo)鰲論(lun)壇首次實現100%綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供應。加(jia)強(qiang)與(yu)國(guo)家可再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)信息管理中心等單位合(he)作，建立了(le)(le)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)證(zheng)(zheng)書與(yu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)消費(fei)憑證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)統一(yi)(yi)核發機制(zhi)，實現綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全生(sheng)命周期溯源(yuan)，為企(qi)業提供更為權威、便捷的(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)查(cha)證(zheng)(zheng)服(fu)務。6月南方(fang)(fang)五省(sheng)區(qu)舉辦了(le)(le)首批綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)證(zheng)(zheng)書和綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)消費(fei)憑證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)“雙證(zheng)(zheng)”頒發儀式。組織開展(zhan)了(le)(le)2022年南方(fang)(fang)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)跨區(qu)跨省(sheng)可再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)消納量(liang)交易105億(yi)千瓦時。

（八）完(wan)善可(ke)再生能源電力消(xiao)納責任權重(zhong)制度

主要政策點(dian)1：科學(xue)合理(li)設定(ding)各省（自(zi)治區、直轄市）中長期可再(zai)生能源電(dian)力消(xiao)納責任(ren)權重

2019年(nian)《國家發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委國家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局關于建(jian)立(li)(li)健全可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)保障機(ji)制的(de)通(tong)知》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)改能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)〔2019〕807號）發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)，建(jian)立(li)(li)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)權重制度(du)。2021年(nian)又發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)政策(ce)，提出(chu)國務院能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主管部門逐年(nian)定期向各(ge)省級行(xing)政區(qu)域下達兩年(nian)內的(de)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)權重，其中本年(nian)度(du)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)權重為(wei)約(yue)束性(xing)指(zhi)標(biao)，各(ge)省（自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)、直(zhi)轄市(shi)(shi)）按此進行(xing)考核評(ping)估(gu)；下一年(nian)度(du)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)權重為(wei)預(yu)期性(xing)指(zhi)標(biao)，各(ge)省（自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)、直(zhi)轄市(shi)(shi)）按此開展(zhan)項(xiang)目儲備(bei)。可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)權重制度(du)的(de)實施，科學引導了各(ge)省（自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)、直(zhi)轄市(shi)(shi)）可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)時序，推動(dong)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)。

在(zai)可再生能(neng)(neng)源電力消納責(ze)任(ren)權重(zhong)(zhong)制度(du)實(shi)施過程中，逐漸(jian)發現下達1—2年時(shi)間范圍(wei)的(de)責(ze)任(ren)權重(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)于落實(shi)具體任(ren)務還存在(zai)著不(bu)(bu)協調的(de)情況。由于缺(que)乏(fa)中長期權重(zhong)(zhong)指導，各地在(zai)制定中長期新能(neng)(neng)源發展(zhan)規劃時(shi)難以實(shi)現大(da)范圍(wei)統籌，不(bu)(bu)利于解決新能(neng)(neng)源發展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)均衡不(bu)(bu)充分的(de)問題。

為(wei)此，《實施(shi)方案》提(ti)出科學合理(li)(li)設定各(ge)(ge)地中長期(qi)(qi)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)電力消(xiao)(xiao)納責任(ren)權重(zhong)(zhong)。通過合理(li)(li)設置中長期(qi)(qi)權重(zhong)(zhong)，明確各(ge)(ge)省中長期(qi)(qi)新能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展任(ren)務，提(ti)前(qian)引(yin)導(dao)預(yu)期(qi)(qi)，為(wei)各(ge)(ge)地提(ti)前(qian)規劃、布局新能(neng)源(yuan)項目提(ti)供有效指(zhi)引(yin)，有利(li)于充分發(fa)揮可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)電力消(xiao)(xiao)納責任(ren)權重(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)促進可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展、引(yin)導(dao)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)全國范圍優(you)化配(pei)置的重(zhong)(zhong)要作用。

案(an)例(li)2-14我國(guo)發(fa)布可再生能源電力消(xiao)納責(ze)任權(quan)重指標

2021年5月21日，國家發(fa)展改(gai)革委，國家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局發(fa)布(bu)(bu)《關于(yu)2021年可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消納(na)責任權重及有關事(shi)項的(de)通知》（發(fa)改(gai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)〔2021〕704號），公布(bu)(bu)了(le)2021年可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消納(na)責任權重的(de)約束(shu)性(xing)指(zhi)標(biao)與2022年可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消納(na)責任權重的(de)預期性(xing)指(zhi)標(biao)。為各省（區(qu)、市）確定(ding)保障性(xing)并網規模，制定(ding)1—2年新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展計劃提供了(le)有效引導，但引導中(zhong)長期可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展的(de)權重指(zhi)標(biao)有待完善。如《“十四五”可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展規劃》中(zhong)，提出(chu)2025年全(quan)國可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)總量和(he)非水(shui)電(dian)消納(na)責任權重分別達到33%和(he)18%左右。

主要政策點2：做(zuo)好可再生能(neng)源電力消(xiao)納(na)責任(ren)權(quan)重(zhong)制度與(yu)新增可再生能(neng)源不納(na)入能(neng)源消(xiao)費總量控制的銜接

為做好可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)責任權重制度(du)與能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)考核政(zheng)策的(de)(de)銜接，2019年《國家發展改(gai)革委國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局關于(yu)建立健全(quan)可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)保(bao)障機制的(de)(de)通知》（發改(gai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)〔2019〕807號）提出“超額(e)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)計入(ru)(ru)‘十三五’能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)考核。在確保(bao)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)國能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)強度(du)“雙(shuang)控”目標條件下，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)實(shi)際完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)量(liang)(liang)(liang)超過(guo)本(ben)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)激(ji)勵(li)性消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)責任權重對(dui)(dui)應消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)省級行(xing)政(zheng)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)，超出激(ji)勵(li)性消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)責任權重部分的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)量(liang)(liang)(liang)折(zhe)算的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)納(na)入(ru)(ru)該(gai)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)雙(shuang)控考核。對(dui)(dui)納(na)入(ru)(ru)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)考核的(de)(de)企(qi)業，超額(e)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)所在省級行(xing)政(zheng)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)實(shi)施方案對(dui)(dui)其確定完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)量(liang)(liang)(liang)折(zhe)算的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)計入(ru)(ru)其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)考核。”

2021年底，為(wei)推進(jin)碳(tan)達峰(feng)、碳(tan)中和(he)，正確(que)認識和(he)把握碳(tan)達峰(feng)碳(tan)中和(he)，中央經濟工作(zuo)會議提(ti)出(chu)“新增(zeng)(zeng)可(ke)再生(sheng)能源和(he)原(yuan)料用能不納(na)入(ru)能源消費總(zong)量(liang)控制(zhi)”，原(yuan)權重政策(ce)對能耗考核的(de)要求需要根據新的(de)政策(ce)精神(shen)進(jin)行調整。為(wei)此，《實施方案》提(ti)出(chu)做好可(ke)再生(sheng)能源電(dian)力消納(na)責任權重制(zhi)度與(yu)新增(zeng)(zeng)可(ke)再生(sheng)能源不納(na)入(ru)能源消費總(zong)量(liang)控制(zhi)的(de)銜接。

隨著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)逐步推進，可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)屬性在社會中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知范圍(wei)進一(yi)步擴大(da)，各類企業(ye)對(dui)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綠(lv)色電力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)水平顯著(zhu)提(ti)高。新的(de)(de)(de)(de)政策(ce)(ce)提(ti)出(chu)后，各地對(dui)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)更加(jia)迫切，部分(fen)(fen)地區(qu)甚(shen)至出(chu)現了“惜售(shou)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。而我(wo)國資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟賦與負(fu)(fu)荷消(xiao)費存(cun)在逆(ni)向分(fen)(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征，“三北”和(he)(he)(he)西南等區(qu)域擁有豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)是哦夢、風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，中(zhong)東部地區(qu)作為電力(li)(li)(li)負(fu)(fu)荷中(zhong)心(xin)，綠(lv)色電力(li)(li)(li)需(xu)求(qiu)規模巨大(da)，可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發和(he)(he)(he)利用(yong)必須堅持“全國一(yi)盤棋”的(de)(de)(de)(de)總體布局和(he)(he)(he)思(si)路。因此，在后續(xu)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)(li)(li)消(xiao)納責(ze)任(ren)權重制(zhi)度實施(shi)過(guo)程中(zhong)，需(xu)要充(chong)分(fen)(fen)考慮“新增可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)原料用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不納入能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費總量控制(zhi)”政策(ce)(ce)對(dui)各地新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展和(he)(he)(he)消(xiao)納新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)積極性的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，通過(guo)政策(ce)(ce)、市場(chang)、價(jia)格(ge)等多(duo)樣化(hua)手段，引(yin)(yin)導(dao)跨(kua)省跨(kua)區(qu)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)(li)(li)交易，擴大(da)跨(kua)省跨(kua)區(qu)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納規模，持續(xu)提(ti)升存(cun)量特高壓通道可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電量輸送比例(li)，通過(guo)大(da)范圍(wei)優化(hua)促(cu)進新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廣(guang)域消(xiao)納，將可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)(li)(li)消(xiao)納責(ze)任(ren)權重引(yin)(yin)導(dao)作用(yong)和(he)(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗控制(zhi)政策(ce)(ce)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)銜接起來。

案例(li)2-15 2021年可再(zai)生能源電力消納權重執(zhi)行情況

2021年(nian)(nian)我國可(ke)再生能源電力總量與(yu)非(fei)水(shui)消納責(ze)任(ren)權重分別(bie)達(da)到(dao)29.4%、13.7%，與(yu)2020年(nian)(nian)比分別(bie)增長0.6與(yu)0.8個百分點，共有28與(yu)29個省份(fen)分別(bie)完成了2021年(nian)(nian)總量與(yu)非(fei)水(shui)消納責(ze)任(ren)權重目標(biao)，其中13與(yu)19個省份(fen)達(da)到(dao)了激(ji)勵值。

根據發改(gai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)〔2019〕807號(hao)文(wen)，對應省份完(wan)成消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)量(liang)超過(guo)激勵(li)性(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)責(ze)任(ren)權(quan)重對應消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)省級行(xing)政區域(yu)，超出激勵(li)性(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)責(ze)任(ren)權(quan)重部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)量(liang)折算的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)不(bu)納(na)入該省份的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)耗“雙控”考核。2021年12月的(de)(de)(de)中央經濟工作(zuo)會議則(ze)更進一步提出所有(you)省份新增的(de)(de)(de)可再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)與原(yuan)料用能(neng)(neng)均不(bu)納(na)入能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)總量(liang)控制，這一政策的(de)(de)(de)覆蓋(gai)范圍(wei)在807號(hao)文(wen)基(ji)礎上進一步擴(kuo)展(zhan)到了全(quan)部(bu)省份，原(yuan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)激勵(li)措(cuo)施已失去(qu)了激勵(li)作(zuo)用。

因此(ci)，為充分發揮消納責任(ren)(ren)權(quan)重(zhong)引導(dao)性作用，繼續激勵各省完成消納責任(ren)(ren)權(quan)重(zhong)任(ren)(ren)務，需盡快(kuai)對原(yuan)有激勵措施進行進一步修改，做好(hao)原(yuan)有政策與新政策的銜接，持(chi)續推動(dong)新能源高質量發展。

主要政策(ce)點(dian)3：建(jian)立完(wan)善可再(zai)生能源(yuan)電力消納責任考評指標體系和獎懲機制

2019年(nian)發(fa)(fa)布的《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)革委國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局關(guan)于建(jian)立健全(quan)可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力消(xiao)納(na)保障機(ji)制的通知》（發(fa)(fa)改(gai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)〔2019〕807號）提出“各省（自治區、直轄(xia)市）有關(guan)部(bu)門和國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)、南方(fang)電(dian)網(wang)及有關(guan)機(ji)構，在2019年(nian)底前完成有關(guan)政策實施準備工作，自2020年(nian)1月1日起全(quan)面進行監(jian)測(ce)評(ping)價(jia)和正式(shi)考核”。政策實施以來(lai)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主管部(bu)門逐年(nian)發(fa)(fa)布全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)監(jian)測(ce)評(ping)價(jia)結果，通報可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)責任權重執行情況。這一舉措保障了(le)可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)責任權重制度的權威性(xing)，提升(sheng)了(le)各地發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的積極性(xing)，有力促進了(le)可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

目前，可再(zai)生(sheng)能源電(dian)(dian)力(li)消(xiao)納責(ze)(ze)任考核主(zhu)要著(zhu)眼于各省（自治區、直轄市(shi)）完成下達的(de)(de)(de)總量(liang)(liang)消(xiao)納責(ze)(ze)任權重和非水消(xiao)納責(ze)(ze)任權重情況，尚未建立完整的(de)(de)(de)考評指標體系。同時，現階(jie)段大部分(fen)地(di)區消(xiao)納責(ze)(ze)任的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體仍(reng)然以電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司為主(zhu)，售電(dian)(dian)、市(shi)場購電(dian)(dian)、擁有(you)自備(bei)電(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)企業所(suo)應承擔的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)納責(ze)(ze)任仍(reng)沒有(you)充(chong)分(fen)落實，客觀(guan)上增加了(le)各地(di)區新能源消(xiao)納壓(ya)力(li)，限制了(le)部分(fen)地(di)區新能源的(de)(de)(de)發展質量(liang)(liang)。

為(wei)此，《實施(shi)方案》提(ti)出(chu)建立完(wan)善可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)責任考(kao)(kao)評指(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系和獎懲機(ji)制(zhi)。在考(kao)(kao)核(he)評價方面，綜(zong)合考(kao)(kao)慮各(ge)(ge)地(di)資(zi)源(yuan)稟(bing)賦、電(dian)力消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費、跨省區送(song)受電(dian)、市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化進展(zhan)等(deng)多種因素，建立完(wan)整可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)責任考(kao)(kao)評指(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系，充(chong)分反映各(ge)(ge)地(di)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)的開(kai)發(fa)和消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)等(deng)方面的開(kai)展(zhan)情況(kuang)(kuang)，加(jia)強對省級行政(zheng)區域消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)責任權(quan)重完(wan)成情況(kuang)(kuang)監測評價。同(tong)時，強化對電(dian)網、市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)量(liang)完(wan)成情況(kuang)(kuang)考(kao)(kao)核(he)，壓(ya)實各(ge)(ge)類消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)責任，促進各(ge)(ge)類市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)公平合理共擔可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)責任。在獎懲機(ji)制(zhi)方面，充(chong)分利用(yong)(yong)多樣化政(zheng)策工具箱，從金(jin)融、人才、碳排放等(deng)多個角度進一步拓展(zhan)獎懲措(cuo)施(shi)范圍，提(ti)升不同(tong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的積(ji)極性，擴大可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)利用(yong)(yong)規模，推動(dong)各(ge)(ge)地(di)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)。

案例2-16消納責任權重考評指標體系和獎懲機制初見成效(xiao)

2022年(nian)(nian)4月21日，國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)局發(fa)布了《關于2021年(nian)(nian)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)電力消(xiao)納責(ze)(ze)任權重完(wan)成(cheng)情(qing)況的(de)通(tong)報》（國(guo)能(neng)發(fa)新(xin)能(neng)〔2022〕47號），通(tong)報了2021年(nian)(nian)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)電力消(xiao)納責(ze)(ze)任權重完(wan)成(cheng)情(qing)況，督促未完(wan)成(cheng)的(de)相關省份提出解決措施。

通過(guo)消納責任權重制度的(de)(de)建立，以及相關考評(ping)措施(shi)的(de)(de)執行，有力促進了新能源(yuan)發展，政策實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)三年(nian)間，風光(guang)總裝(zhuang)機規模自2018年(nian)末的(de)(de)3.6億(yi)千瓦增長至(zhi)2021年(nian)末的(de)(de)6.4億(yi)千瓦，風光(guang)裝(zhuang)機占比從2018年(nian)的(de)(de)18.9%上升至(zhi)2021年(nian)的(de)(de)26.7%，非(fei)水可再生能源(yuan)消納電量由2018年(nian)的(de)(de)6341億(yi)千瓦時(shi)提升至(zhi)2021年(nian)的(de)(de)1.15萬億(yi)千瓦時(shi)，年(nian)均(jun)增速(su)達21.8%。

三、深化新能(neng)源領域“放管服”改革

《實施方案》立(li)足(zu)新(xin)(xin)能源項目建設的規模化(hua)、市場化(hua)發展需(xu)求，繼(ji)續深化(hua)“放管服”改革。鑒于新(xin)(xin)能源項目點(dian)(dian)多面廣(guang)、單體規模小(xiao)、建設周(zhou)期短等特點(dian)(dian)，重點(dian)(dian)在簡化(hua)管理程(cheng)序和提(ti)升(sheng)服務水平上，要求優(you)化(hua)項目審批及并網(wang)程(cheng)序，有(you)效(xiao)疏(shu)通新(xin)(xin)能源項目開發的痛點(dian)(dian)、難(nan)點(dian)(dian)，推動新(xin)(xin)能源產業(ye)健康(kang)有(you)序發展。

（九）持續提高項目審批效率

主(zhu)要政策(ce)點1：完(wan)善新能源項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)核(he)準(zhun)(zhun)（備(bei)案）制度，加強事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)全(quan)鏈條全(quan)領域監管。依托全(quan)國(guo)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)在線審(shen)批監管平臺(tai)，建(jian)立新能源項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)集中(zhong)審(shen)批綠(lv)色通道(dao)，制定項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)準(zhun)(zhun)入負面清(qing)(qing)單和企(qi)(qi)業承(cheng)諾事(shi)(shi)(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)清(qing)(qing)單，推進實施企(qi)(qi)業投(tou)(tou)資(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)承(cheng)諾制。推動風(feng)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)由(you)核(he)準(zhun)(zhun)制調整為備(bei)案制。

按照國家和行(xing)業有(you)關規(gui)定(ding)，我國風(feng)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)實行(xing)核準(zhun)制，光伏發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)實行(xing)備(bei)案制。《實施方案》要求(qiu)完善(shan)新(xin)(xin)能源項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)核準(zhun)（備(bei)案）制度，對(dui)新(xin)(xin)能源投(tou)(tou)資加強(qiang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)中事(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)全鏈條(tiao)全領域監(jian)管(guan)(guan)；推(tui)進實施企(qi)業投(tou)(tou)資項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)承(cheng)諾(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)制；推(tui)動(dong)風(feng)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)由核準(zhun)制調(diao)整為(wei)備(bei)案制。推(tui)行(xing)“承(cheng)諾(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)制”，減少(shao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)審(shen)批，強(qiang)化事(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)約束和過程服務，能夠推(tui)動(dong)有(you)效市(shi)場和有(you)為(wei)政府(fu)(fu)更(geng)好結合，讓企(qi)業經營更(geng)自主、反應更(geng)靈(ling)敏、投(tou)(tou)資更(geng)順(shun)暢。政府(fu)(fu)部門(men)制定(ding)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)準(zhun)入負面清(qing)單(dan)和企(qi)業承(cheng)諾(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)清(qing)單(dan)，企(qi)業按標準(zhun)作(zuo)出承(cheng)諾(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)后(hou)，即(ji)可自主開展項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)設(she)計、施工建設(she)和運營。近年(nian)來，企(qi)業投(tou)(tou)資項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)承(cheng)諾(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)制改革在一(yi)(yi)些地區先(xian)行(xing)試點，力求(qiu)用(yong)“一(yi)(yi)份承(cheng)諾(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)”取代“一(yi)(yi)摞審(shen)批”，既可以充(chong)分發(fa)揮(hui)市(shi)場在資源配置中的(de)決(jue)定(ding)性作(zuo)用(yong)，又能更(geng)好發(fa)揮(hui)政府(fu)(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)。如果事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)審(shen)批環(huan)節過多、管(guan)(guan)得過嚴，往往會束縛(fu)企(qi)業手(shou)腳、抑制投(tou)(tou)資活(huo)力。當然(ran)簡政放(fang)(fang)權的(de)前(qian)提，就是(shi)“放(fang)(fang)”的(de)同時，在事(shi)(shi)(shi)中事(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)環(huan)節管(guan)(guan)得住、管(guan)(guan)得好，要把有(you)效監(jian)管(guan)(guan)作(zuo)為(wei)簡政放(fang)(fang)權的(de)必要保障。推(tui)動(dong)風(feng)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)由核準(zhun)制調(diao)整為(wei)備(bei)案制，有(you)利(li)于進一(yi)(yi)步簡化風(feng)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)審(shen)批流程，提高項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)開發(fa)前(qian)期工作(zuo)效率。

案例3-1提高項目(mu)審(shen)批(pi)效率支(zhi)持新能源項目(mu)發展

內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)(ju)于(yu)(yu)2022年7月19日印發了《內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區源(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲(chu)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)項目(mu)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)細則（2022年版(ban)）》、《內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區燃(ran)煤自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)備(bei)電(dian)廠可再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)替(ti)代工程實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)細則（2022年版(ban)）》、《內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區風(feng)光制氫一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)示范項目(mu)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)細則（2022年版(ban)）》的通(tong)知。根據(ju)上述文件(jian)要求，內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區每年定期(qi)統一(yi)(yi)組織(zhi)申(shen)報，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)可根據(ju)需要，進行(xing)個別(bie)申(shen)報。根據(ju)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)項目(mu)投(tou)資人申(shen)請(qing)，盟(meng)市能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主管部門組織(zhi)編制本地區一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)項目(mu)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)案(an)，報自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)(ju)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)(ju)會同(tong)(tong)相關部門、電(dian)網企業及(ji)時(shi)(shi)進行(xing)評估(gu)，必要時(shi)(shi)組織(zhi)或委托第(di)三(san)方(fang)(fang)咨詢機構(gou)進行(xing)評估(gu)，提出評估(gu)建(jian)議(yi)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)(ju)將(jiang)評估(gu)建(jian)議(yi)報自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區人民(min)政府審(shen)定同(tong)(tong)意后批(pi)復實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)案(an)。盟(meng)市能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主管部門承擔組織(zhi)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)主體(ti)(ti)責任(ren)，根據(ju)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區批(pi)復的實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)案(an)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)核準（備(bei)案(an)）新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、儲(chu)能(neng)和(he)線路(lu)工程。內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區出臺的綜合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項目(mu)作為整體(ti)(ti)統一(yi)(yi)辦理(li)審(shen)批(pi)政策，可大大縮短綜合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項目(mu)的審(shen)批(pi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，有助于(yu)(yu)孵化(hua)新(xin)的發展模式。

主要政策點2：不得以任何名義增加新能源(yuan)企(qi)業的不合理(li)投資成本

新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源項目具(ju)備開(kai)發建(jian)設周(zhou)期短，運營期用工(gong)量(liang)少，運行前幾年應繳稅收(shou)低(di)，場址(zhi)資源稀缺等特點，盡管是清潔綠色能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，從地(di)(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)角度來看，對(dui)當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)就(jiu)業(ye)、稅收(shou)、產業(ye)等帶動力度有限。在新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源項目開(kai)發過(guo)程中，很多地(di)(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)對(dui)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源項目投資提(ti)出了各種各樣的(de)(de)附帶條(tiao)件，包括拉動裝備制造業(ye)在當地(di)(di)建(jian)廠、投資修(xiu)路、捐助幫(bang)扶、與地(di)(di)方企業(ye)合(he)作(zuo)等，嚴重推高了新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源項目開(kai)發的(de)(de)非技(ji)術成本。

風光等新能源(yuan)已步入平(ping)價時代，制(zhi)造業、EPC、運維等各(ge)環節的成本(ben)越(yue)發透明，全產業鏈的收益(yi)水平(ping)也逐步趨(qu)微。《實施(shi)方案》要求“不得以任何名義增加(jia)新能源(yuan)企(qi)業的不合理投資或成本(ben)”，即除國家法律法規規定的費用(yong)外，各(ge)級地方政府(fu)不得另行設(she)立(li)名目收取費用(yong)，也不得強(qiang)制(zhi)企(qi)業以捐贈等名義收取費用(yong)，這將推(tui)動開發建設(she)環節的成本(ben)回歸理性。

案例3-2名(ming)目多、不合理(li)的非(fei)技術成本有礙新能源開發

2021年以(yi)來，包括云南、湖北(bei)、貴州(zhou)、寧(ning)夏、安徽(hui)等省份對新能源(yuan)項目(mu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)均提出了產業(ye)(ye)配(pei)套(tao)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，企業(ye)(ye)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)成(cheng)本大幅增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)。南方某(mou)(mou)縣(xian)政府(fu)以(yi)資源(yuan)指(zhi)標印(yin)發(fa)(fa)為由，要(yao)求(qiu)9萬(wan)千(qian)瓦項目(mu)的(de)風電(dian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)企業(ye)(ye)無(wu)(wu)償給予鎮政府(fu)2000萬(wan)元扶貧(pin)資金，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)成(cheng)本0.18元/瓦。西北(bei)某(mou)(mou)縣(xian)政府(fu)以(yi)征地協調為由，要(yao)求(qiu)10萬(wan)千(qian)瓦項目(mu)的(de)風電(dian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)企業(ye)(ye)無(wu)(wu)償修建6千(qian)米旅(lv)游道路，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)成(cheng)本0.2元/瓦。

案例3-3加強新(xin)能(neng)源并網(wang)(wang)服務(wu)支撐力量(liang)，打造新(xin)能(neng)源管理(li)信息系統(tong)，新(xin)能(neng)源并網(wang)(wang)業務(wu)實現“一網(wang)(wang)通(tong)辦(ban)”

南(nan)(nan)方電網(wang)公(gong)司(si)(si)各(ge)省(sheng)（級）電網(wang)公(gong)司(si)(si)設置了(le)省(sheng)級新(xin)能(neng)源服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)機構，提升新(xin)能(neng)源并(bing)網(wang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)支撐力量。建成(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)南(nan)(nan)方五省(sheng)區的(de)新(xin)能(neng)源管理信(xin)息(xi)系統(tong)，新(xin)能(neng)源項(xiang)目業主通過(guo)“南(nan)(nan)網(wang)在線”APP錄(lu)入項(xiang)目名稱(cheng)、類型、地(di)點等(deng)基本(ben)信(xin)息(xi)，短時間內可完成(cheng)并(bing)網(wang)申請(qing)，大幅壓縮線下流轉的(de)各(ge)項(xiang)環節。同時，可在線查詢辦(ban)理進度、狀態等(deng)各(ge)項(xiang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)信(xin)息(xi)，實現新(xin)能(neng)源并(bing)網(wang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)網(wang)上(shang)辦(ban)、掌上(shang)辦(ban)、業主一次都不跑，大大提升客戶體驗。

主要(yao)政策點(dian)3：以(yi)新能(neng)源(yuan)為主體(ti)的多能(neng)互(hu)補、源(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)儲、微電網(wang)等綜合能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)目，可作為整體(ti)統一辦(ban)理核準（備案）手續。

目(mu)(mu)前大部(bu)分省份(fen)對(dui)于多能互補類的(de)新能源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)核(he)(he)準（備案(an)(an)）流程按(an)照多個項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)分別核(he)(he)準（備案(an)(an)）。例(li)如(ru)風(feng)光(guang)(guang)互補項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，風(feng)電核(he)(he)準和光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)備案(an)(an)都(dou)要(yao)獨(du)立開(kai)展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作。風(feng)光(guang)(guang)儲(chu)綜合能源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，在現(xian)有的(de)投資和運(yun)維水平、政策環(huan)境(jing)下，采用各部(bu)分單獨(du)核(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)模式，常常會出(chu)現(xian)至少其中(zhong)一(yi)部(bu)分難以通過(guo)企業(ye)對(dui)經(jing)濟(ji)效益的(de)核(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)要(yao)求的(de)情況。各部(bu)分單獨(du)核(he)(he)準（備案(an)(an)），大大降(jiang)低了項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)開(kai)發前期(qi)工(gong)(gong)作效率，增(zeng)加了管理(li)成本。

推(tui)(tui)動新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)為主體(ti)的(de)多(duo)能互補、源(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲、微電(dian)(dian)網等(deng)綜(zong)合能源(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)作為整(zheng)體(ti)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)統(tong)一(yi)辦理，可大(da)大(da)縮短綜(zong)合能源(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)審批時長，有助于孵化(hua)新(xin)的(de)發展(zhan)模式(shi)。通過企(qi)業投資項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)承諾制(zhi)，可以督促企(qi)業進一(yi)步加強對項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)事前評估與過程(cheng)控制(zhi)，推(tui)(tui)動企(qi)業探索綜(zong)合智(zhi)慧能源(yuan)(yuan)持續健康發展(zhan)的(de)商業模式(shi)，加快新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)占比(bi)逐漸提(ti)高(gao)的(de)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)構建進程(cheng)。

2021年2月，國家發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革委、國家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局頒布了《關于(yu)推進(jin)電力源(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)多(duo)能(neng)互補發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)指導(dao)意見》（發(fa)(fa)改能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)〔2021〕280號）；2021年4月，國家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局印發(fa)(fa)了《關于(yu)報(bao)送“十四五”電力源(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)多(duo)能(neng)互補發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)工作方案的(de)通知》。兩(liang)個文件提(ti)出(chu)“一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)聚合模(mo)式”、“規(gui)劃、實施、運行調節和(he)管理(li)(li)(li)規(gui)范一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)”，明確一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)項(xiang)(xiang)目應(ying)就近打(da)捆匯集聚合，既要力爭與(yu)(yu)大(da)電網形成相對(dui)清晰(xi)的(de)物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)調控界面，也要努力在規(gui)劃、建設、運行各個階段實現統籌管理(li)(li)(li)，充(chong)分突出(chu)了一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)項(xiang)(xiang)目特點，厘清了與(yu)(yu)常規(gui)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)根本差異。

《關(guan)于(yu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)源網(wang)荷儲(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)和(he)(he)多能互補發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的指(zhi)導意見》明確：按照“試點先行(xing)，逐步(bu)(bu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣”原則，通過國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃編制、年(nian)度(du)(du)微調(diao)、中期滾動(dong)調(diao)整，將具備(bei)條(tiao)件(jian)的項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)優先納入國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃。各(ge)投資主體(ti)(ti)應(ying)加強源網(wang)荷儲(chu)統籌協(xie)調(diao)，積極參(can)與(yu)相關(guan)規劃研究，共同(tong)(tong)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)前期工(gong)作，實(shi)現規劃一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)；協(xie)調(diao)各(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)進度(du)(du)，確保同(tong)(tong)步(bu)(bu)建(jian)設(she)、同(tong)(tong)期投運，推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)建(jian)設(she)實(shi)施(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)。源網(wang)荷儲(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)和(he)(he)多能互補項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)中的新能源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)應(ying)落實(shi)國家(jia)可(ke)再生能源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)政(zheng)策，在(zai)國家(jia)和(he)(he)地方可(ke)再生能源規劃實(shi)施(shi)方案中統籌安(an)排；鼓勵具備(bei)條(tiao)件(jian)地區(qu)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)組(zu)織推(tui)(tui)(tui)進相關(guan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)，支(zhi)持參(can)與(yu)跨省(sheng)區(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場化(hua)交(jiao)易、增量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)改革及分(fen)布(bu)式發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)市場化(hua)交(jiao)易。

案例3-4提高(gao)項目審批效率(lv)支持新能源項目發(fa)展

2022年7月(yue)22日，江蘇省(sheng)2022年光伏發電(dian)市場化并網項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)第三(san)批(pi)(pi)(pi)名單(dan)已公(gong)布，6個光伏項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)選，規模82萬千瓦(wa)，其中1項(xiang)是位于淮(huai)安市洪澤區的(de)綜(zong)合(he)智(zhi)(zhi)慧產業融合(he)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。江蘇省(sheng)發展(zhan)改革(ge)委明確(que)，針對項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)申報優化流程，采(cai)取“隨到隨過、分批(pi)(pi)(pi)公(gong)布”的(de)方式，一旦項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)具備條件，及時納入(ru)實(shi)施庫管(guan)理，并采(cai)取短信形式通知項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)聯系人(ren)，分批(pi)(pi)(pi)集中公(gong)布。各設(she)區市發展(zhan)改革(ge)委督促指導項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)單(dan)位加快(kuai)開展(zhan)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前期工(gong)(gong)作，在依法合(he)規前提(ti)下(xia)盡快(kuai)開工(gong)(gong)建設(she)。綜(zong)合(he)智(zhi)(zhi)慧能源項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)備案和納入(ru)省(sheng)能源局市場化并網項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)清單(dan)，標志著政(zheng)府行(xing)政(zheng)審批(pi)(pi)(pi)部(bu)門(men)正(zheng)在積極順(shun)應市場，逐步(bu)由單(dan)一的(de)光伏、風電(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)審批(pi)(pi)(pi)向(xiang)綜(zong)合(he)智(zhi)(zhi)慧能源轉變(bian)，進一步(bu)提(ti)高項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)審批(pi)(pi)(pi)效(xiao)率。

（十）優化新能源項目接網(wang)流(liu)程

主要政策點1：地方能源主管部門、電網企業要結合新(xin)能源項(xiang)目發展需要，及時優(you)化(hua)電網規劃(hua)建設(she)方案和投資計(ji)劃(hua)安排。

新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目核(he)準(zhun)（備案(an)）權限下(xia)放后，從國家(jia)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)到省級(ji)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)，再(zai)落(luo)到具(ju)體(ti)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)核(he)準(zhun)（備案(an)）仍需(xu)一個較長的(de)(de)動(dong)態周期。地方(fang)政府新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)通(tong)常只有規(gui)(gui)(gui)模，沒有明確具(ju)體(ti)項(xiang)(xiang)目，沒有配套(tao)電(dian)網方(fang)案(an)。新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目批復后，才開展電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入方(fang)案(an)研究，電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)點的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)周期較短，但送出(chu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)仍需(xu)按(an)照單獨的(de)(de)核(he)準(zhun)審批流程(cheng)(cheng)執行，且要納入當地省級(ji)電(dian)網的(de)(de)年度投(tou)資(zi)計劃(hua)，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)出(chu)現電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)與送出(chu)線(xian)路工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度不匹配的(de)(de)情況。

《實施(shi)方(fang)案》要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)地方(fang)能(neng)源(yuan)主管(guan)部門、電網企業要(yao)(yao)結合新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)目發(fa)展需要(yao)(yao)，及時(shi)優化電網規劃(hua)建設方(fang)案和投(tou)(tou)資計(ji)劃(hua)安排，就是要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)加(jia)強頂層設計(ji)和統籌，將(jiang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)規劃(hua)目標科學(xue)分配到各年度(du)，提前做好投(tou)(tou)資計(ji)劃(hua)安排，并持(chi)續優化投(tou)(tou)資計(ji)劃(hua)調整(zheng)程序，使得新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)目送出(chu)線路既能(neng)符合總體規劃(hua)，又(you)能(neng)滿足在時(shi)間(jian)進(jin)度(du)上的建設或調整(zheng)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，與新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)目建設“同頻共振(zhen)”，協同發(fa)展。

案例3-5江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)為新(xin)能源并(bing)網(wang)優化電網(wang)投資安排

國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公(gong)司(si)江(jiang)蘇省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公(gong)司(si)充(chong)分(fen)利用(yong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公(gong)司(si)新能源(yuan)云平臺，建(jian)立了(le)集(ji)(ji)中式光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)接(jie)(jie)網“綠(lv)色通道”。在(zai)2021年(nian)4月(yue)新能源(yuan)云平臺上線開放后，江(jiang)蘇集(ji)(ji)中式光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)投資(zi)建(jian)設(she)企業在(zai)規定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)內完成了(le)平臺所需內容填(tian)報和支(zhi)撐性(xing)材料提(ti)交。在(zai)系統關(guan)閉(bi)后，江(jiang)蘇省能源(yuan)主管部門(men)與國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公(gong)司(si)江(jiang)蘇公(gong)司(si)共(gong)同評審，根據新能源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)年(nian)度(du)計劃(hua)(hua)和各項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實際情(qing)況，將所報項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)分(fen)別列入年(nian)度(du)計劃(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)清單、年(nian)度(du)儲備建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)清單、不過審項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)清單。這一(yi)工作機制優(you)化了(le)調研和審核流程，大大縮減了(le)工作量，由之前(qian)的單個批(pi)復改(gai)為批(pi)量批(pi)復，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)批(pi)復平均時(shi)長縮短至2個月(yue)，在(zai)符合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設(she)總體(ti)規劃(hua)(hua)前(qian)提(ti)下，在(zai)提(ti)升效率的同時(shi)，實現了(le)光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)時(shi)序(xu)優(you)化，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)和接(jie)(jie)網工程建(jian)設(she)協同。

主要政策(ce)點(dian)2：推動電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業建立新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目接(jie)(jie)網(wang)一(yi)站式服務平臺，提(ti)供(gong)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目可(ke)用接(jie)(jie)入點(dian)、可(ke)接(jie)(jie)入容量、技術規范等信息，實現新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目接(jie)(jie)網(wang)全流(liu)程線(xian)上辦理，大幅壓(ya)縮(suo)接(jie)(jie)網(wang)時(shi)間。

2021年5月，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局發布《關(guan)(guan)于2021年風電(dian)、光伏發電(dian)開(kai)(kai)發建(jian)設有(you)關(guan)(guan)事項的通知》(國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)發新(xin)能(neng)(neng)〔2021〕25號)，要(yao)求(qiu)“電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業要(yao)簡化接網(wang)(wang)(wang)流程(cheng)、方便接網(wang)(wang)(wang)手續(xu)辦理，推廣新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)云平(ping)臺，實現(xian)全國(guo)(guo)全覆蓋(gai)，服務新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主體的新(xin)型電(dian)力系統。要(yao)加強接網(wang)(wang)(wang)工程(cheng)建(jian)設，確(que)保納入年度開(kai)(kai)發建(jian)設方案(an)的保障性并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)和市(shi)場化并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)項目(mu)“能(neng)(neng)并(bing)盡并(bing)”，不(bu)得附(fu)加額(e)外條件。要(yao)會同全國(guo)(guo)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納監(jian)測預警(jing)中心(xin)及時公布各(ge)省級區域(yu)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)消納情況及預測分析，引導理性投資、有(you)序建(jian)設”。

2021年9月(yue)(yue)，國家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局印發(fa)《電(dian)網(wang)(wang)公平(ping)開(kai)放(fang)監管辦法》（國能(neng)發(fa)監管規(gui)〔2021〕49號），進一步規(gui)范(fan)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)公平(ping)開(kai)放(fang)行為，加強電(dian)網(wang)(wang)公平(ping)開(kai)放(fang)監管。對于電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)，一是規(gui)范(fan)工作(zuo)流程(cheng)。明確電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)工作(zuo)分為并網(wang)(wang)意向書受理與回復(fu)，接(jie)入(ru)系統設計(ji)，接(jie)入(ru)系統設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)案受理、研究與回復(fu)，接(jie)網(wang)(wang)協議簽訂等(deng)(deng)環節。二是明確辦理時限(xian)。辦理時限(xian)與電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類型、電(dian)壓等(deng)(deng)級直接(jie)相關(guan)，接(jie)入(ru)電(dian)壓等(deng)(deng)級越高，辦理時限(xian)相對越長。三(san)是加強信息公開(kai)。要求電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業建立相關(guan)工作(zuo)制(zhi)度，明確提供服務(wu)的工作(zuo)部(bu)門(men)、工作(zuo)流程(cheng)、工作(zuo)時限(xian)，通過門(men)戶網(wang)(wang)站等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)式每(mei)月(yue)(yue)公布接(jie)入(ru)工作(zuo)開(kai)展情(qing)況。

《實施(shi)方案》要(yao)求(qiu)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業建立新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)項目(mu)一站(zhan)式服(fu)務平臺(tai)，優(you)化完善(shan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)標(biao)準；同(tong)時(shi)推(tui)廣新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)云(yun)線(xian)上(shang)辦理平臺(tai)應用(yong)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)接網(wang)(wang)(wang)業務全流(liu)程(cheng)線(xian)上(shang)辦理，力(li)爭實現(xian)一網(wang)(wang)(wang)通(tong)辦、開(kai)(kai)放透明、接網(wang)(wang)(wang)申請“一次也不跑”。新(xin)(xin)(xin)舉措一是規范了并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)流(liu)程(cheng)信息(xi)公開(kai)(kai)，提供并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)標(biao)準化流(liu)程(cheng)指(zhi)導，提供并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)手續（并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)經濟協議、并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)調度(du)協議、簽(qian)訂購售電合同(tong)等）一站(zhan)式上(shang)報(bao)、查閱平臺(tai)，避免重復提報(bao)相(xiang)關信息(xi)，實現(xian)一站(zhan)式服(fu)務。二(er)是公開(kai)(kai)經營(ying)區域(yu)內可接納新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)的(de)容量信息(xi)，便于(yu)發電企業及時(shi)掌握相(xiang)關動(dong)(dong)態(tai)，為項目(mu)選址提供科學依據。三是從頂層設計解決電網(wang)(wang)(wang)規劃(hua)與(yu)地方能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)中(zhong)長(chang)期規劃(hua)及年度(du)建設方案的(de)銜接問(wen)題(ti)，同(tong)時(shi)保障新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)項目(mu)的(de)有(you)效消(xiao)納，提高(gao)電力(li)系(xi)統對大規模高(gao)比例(li)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)接網(wang)(wang)(wang)、消(xiao)納的(de)適(shi)應性。

案例3-6國家電網(wang)公(gong)司(si)福建公(gong)司(si)優化分布式電源并(bing)網(wang)流程

國家(jia)電網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)福(fu)建(jian)電力公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)于(yu)2022年6月印發了《國家(jia)電網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)福(fu)建(jian)電力關于(yu)做好中低(di)壓(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式電源(yuan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)系統(tong)優質服(fu)務指導意見》，優化了新能源(yuan)的(de)(de)并網(wang)流程，對(dui)于(yu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式光伏系統(tong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)，根據分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式電源(yuan)自身(shen)利用(yong)不(bu)同情況(kuang)，差異化考慮接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)電壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)級；對(dui)于(yu)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)用(yong)戶內(nei)部電網(wang)、分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式電源(yuan)以(yi)自發自用(yong)、余量上網(wang)為主的(de)(de)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)電壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)級應(ying)結合用(yong)戶內(nei)部自有專用(yong)變等(deng)建(jian)設情況(kuang)，允許采用(yong)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)。

主要(yao)政(zheng)策點3：接(jie)網及(ji)送(song)出(chu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)原則上(shang)由(you)電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)投資建(jian)設，電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)要(yao)改(gai)進完善內(nei)部審(shen)批(pi)流程(cheng)，合理安(an)排建(jian)設時序，確(que)保(bao)送(song)出(chu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)與電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)建(jian)設的(de)進度相(xiang)匹配；由(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)建(jian)設的(de)新能源(yuan)接(jie)網及(ji)送(song)出(chu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)可在雙方協商(shang)同(tong)意后(hou)依法依規(gui)回購。

新能源(yuan)項(xiang)目(mu)送(song)出(chu)(chu)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)制(zhi)約(yue)項(xiang)目(mu)投產(chan)的重要因素(su)之一(yi)。一(yi)方面，國家發(fa)(fa)(fa)展改革(ge)委原則要求電(dian)(dian)網公司(si)是(shi)送(song)出(chu)(chu)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的建(jian)(jian)設主體，同時(shi)允許發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)投資建(jian)(jian)設配(pei)套送(song)出(chu)(chu)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，緩解新能源(yuan)快(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展并(bing)網消(xiao)納(na)壓(ya)力。另一(yi)方面，受源(yuan)網規(gui)(gui)劃不(bu)協調的影(ying)響(xiang)，部分送(song)出(chu)(chu)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)未與(yu)新能源(yuan)項(xiang)目(mu)同步(bu)納(na)入投資規(gui)(gui)劃。新能源(yuan)項(xiang)目(mu)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)為(wei)了確保投產(chan)進度計劃，爭取當年電(dian)(dian)價補貼政(zheng)策(ce)，大多(duo)數會主動(dong)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)或與(yu)電(dian)(dian)網公司(si)協商自(zi)建(jian)(jian)送(song)出(chu)(chu)線路，建(jian)(jian)成后由(you)電(dian)(dian)網公司(si)回(hui)購。現實的困難在(zai)于：若發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)承諾送(song)出(chu)(chu)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)建(jian)(jian)，很多(duo)地方政(zheng)府在(zai)辦理送(song)出(chu)(chu)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)核準時(shi)，并(bing)不(bu)認(ren)可發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)能夠作為(wei)送(song)出(chu)(chu)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的業(ye)(ye)主單位，協調難度很大。同時(shi)，部分發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的送(song)出(chu)(chu)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)可能存在(zai)未核先建(jian)(jian)、手續不(bu)全等(deng)合規(gui)(gui)性問(wen)題，影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)回(hui)購。

《實施方案》明確(que)(que)，接(jie)網(wang)及送出工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原則上由(you)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業投資(zi)建(jian)設(she)，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業要(yao)(yao)改進完(wan)善內部審(shen)批流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，合(he)理安排建(jian)設(she)時(shi)序(xu)，確(que)(que)保送出工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)建(jian)設(she)的(de)進度相匹配(pei)；由(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業建(jian)設(she)的(de)新能源(yuan)接(jie)網(wang)及送出工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業可在雙方協商(shang)同意后(hou)依法依規回(hui)購。核心是從電(dian)(dian)力(li)規劃的(de)源(yuan)頭解決送出工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)建(jian)設(she)的(de)匹配(pei)問題。若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)和(he)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業協商(shang)一致，送出工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業代建(jian)的(de)，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司應根據約定(ding)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)盡(jin)快(kuai)完(wan)成收購。

國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)革委、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源局于(yu)2021年7月5日發(fa)(fa)布《做好新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源配(pei)套(tao)(tao)送(song)出(chu)工程(cheng)投資建(jian)(jian)設(she)有關事項的通知》提(ti)出(chu)，對電網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)設(she)有困難(nan)或(huo)規劃建(jian)(jian)設(she)時序(xu)不匹(pi)配(pei)的新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源配(pei)套(tao)(tao)送(song)出(chu)工程(cheng)，允許發(fa)(fa)電企(qi)業(ye)(ye)投資建(jian)(jian)設(she)，緩解新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)并(bing)網消納壓力(li)。發(fa)(fa)電企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)設(she)配(pei)套(tao)(tao)送(song)出(chu)工程(cheng)應充分(fen)進行論證(zheng)，并(bing)完全自愿，可以多(duo)家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)聯(lian)合(he)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，也可以一家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，多(duo)家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)共(gong)享(xiang)。發(fa)(fa)電企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源配(pei)套(tao)(tao)工程(cheng)，經電網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)與發(fa)(fa)電企(qi)業(ye)(ye)雙方協商同意，可在適(shi)當時機由電網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)依法依規進行回購。

案例(li)3-7國家(jia)電網(wang)統籌做好投資規劃(hua)和建設，保障新能源并(bing)網(wang)

2021年(nian)國家電(dian)網公司750千伏(fu)及以下(xia)新(xin)能源并網和(he)輸送工程總投資達到(dao)120億元，全力開展保障性并網新(xin)能源項目的接網工程建設(she)，積極服務市場化并網新(xin)能源項目建設(she)。

國家電(dian)網公(gong)司(si)遼寧電(dian)力提(ti)出打造“無約束新能源接入和(he)無約束業(ye)擴(kuo)報裝”的遼寧電(dian)網。規劃(hua)建設輸(shu)送工(gong)程(cheng)55項，新增線路長度2300千米，總投(tou)資(zi)約70億元，選(xuan)取(qu)14個試點(dian)區域率先打造“無約束擴(kuo)報裝”目(mu)標網架(jia)片區，拓展新能源消納空間。

國(guo)家電網公司浙江(jiang)超(chao)前(qian)(qian)謀劃(hua)(hua)和(he)安排新能(neng)源(yuan)配套(tao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)期工程，在年度計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)中優先安排新能(neng)源(yuan)配套(tao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，按照“三個不變(bian)(bian)”（目(mu)(mu)標不變(bian)(bian)、計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)不變(bian)(bian)、底線(xian)不變(bian)(bian)）要求，逐段編(bian)制項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施工計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)，專員(yuan)駐廠調配工程物(wu)資(zi)，加(jia)大施工人員(yuan)、工程機械物(wu)資(zi)等投(tou)入，實現新能(neng)源(yuan)按時(shi)送(song)出。

案例3-8山東(dong)能(neng)監辦(ban)推(tui)動可再生能(neng)源發電項目接網(wang)工(gong)程回購

2021年11月，為(wei)進一(yi)步(bu)促進可(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)(yuan)發電發展，減輕(qing)可(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)(yuan)發電項目負擔，按照國家能源(yuan)(yuan)局有關要求，山東能源(yuan)(yuan)監管辦持續加強可(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)(yuan)接網工程回購監管工作。

監管工(gong)(gong)(gong)作中，山(shan)東能源(yuan)(yuan)監管辦加強與國家能源(yuan)(yuan)局、省有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)溝通，按照《關(guan)于做好新能源(yuan)(yuan)配套(tao)送出工(gong)(gong)(gong)程投資建(jian)設有(you)關(guan)事(shi)項的(de)(de)(de)通知》（發(fa)改辦運行(xing)〔2021〕445號(hao)）文件(jian)(jian)，提出具(ju)體工(gong)(gong)(gong)作要求。在多次組織新能源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)企業(ye)召(zhao)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)作推(tui)進(jin)會議的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，持(chi)續(xu)加大督(du)導溝通力度，定期調度進(jin)度，結(jie)合(he)清(qing)潔能源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納綜(zong)合(he)監管，推(tui)動工(gong)(gong)(gong)作落實(shi)。指導電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)對省內存量新能源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)項目接網(wang)(wang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程進(jin)行(xing)3輪(lun)摸底(di)梳理分析，督(du)促電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)制定接網(wang)(wang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程回購(gou)(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作方案，明確回購(gou)(gou)條件(jian)(jian)、部(bu)(bu)門職責和(he)流(liu)程時限，對已符合(he)條件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)項目逐(zhu)一(yi)制定回購(gou)(gou)計(ji)劃。

（十一）健(jian)全新能源相關公共服務體系

主要政策(ce)點1：開展全國新能(neng)源資(zi)(zi)源勘查與評(ping)價(jia)，建立可開發(fa)資(zi)(zi)源數據庫，形成(cheng)縣(xian)級以(yi)上行政區域內各類(lei)新能(neng)源資(zi)(zi)源詳查評(ping)價(jia)成(cheng)果和圖譜并向(xiang)社會發(fa)布。建立測(ce)風(feng)(feng)塔及測(ce)風(feng)(feng)數據共享(xiang)機制。

新能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)勘察和評價是(shi)對(dui)產業至(zhi)關重(zhong)要的公共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)，對(dui)于國(guo)家和地(di)方主管部門科學(xue)編制產業發展(zhan)規(gui)劃(hua)具有(you)重(zhong)大的指導意義(yi)。政府建(jian)立新能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)目審批政務(wu)公開(kai)平臺，組織開(kai)展(zhan)全國(guo)新能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)勘查與評價，并牽頭打通國(guo)土(tu)、林草、環保等部門的信息數據(ju)，建(jian)立可(ke)開(kai)發資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數據(ju)庫(ku)，形(xing)成縣級以上行政區域內各(ge)類新能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)詳查評價成果和圖譜并向社會發布(bu)，有(you)利于企業一站式(shi)完成選址(zhi)或(huo)場址(zhi)復核，無(wu)需企業多次跑、多頭跑，可(ke)大大縮短項(xiang)目前期(qi)工作時間(jian)，提高項(xiang)目審批效率。

2022年(nian)4月，國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)印(yin)發(fa)(fa)《氣象高質量發(fa)(fa)展綱(gang)要（2022-2035年(nian)）》指出，探索(suo)建(jian)設(she)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)、太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)氣象服(fu)務(wu)基(ji)地，為(wei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場、太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站等(deng)(deng)規(gui)劃、建(jian)設(she)、運(yun)行(xing)、調度提(ti)供高質量氣象服(fu)務(wu)。該(gai)文件明確(que)提(ti)出強化氣候(hou)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)合(he)理開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用，包括：加(jia)強氣候(hou)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)普查和(he)(he)(he)規(gui)劃利用工作，建(jian)立風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)、太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)氣候(hou)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)普查、區劃、監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)和(he)(he)(he)信息統一(yi)發(fa)(fa)布制(zhi)度，研究加(jia)快(kuai)相關監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)網(wang)建(jian)設(she)；開(kai)展風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)量評(ping)估，對全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)可利用的風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)勘查評(ping)價；研究建(jian)設(she)氣候(hou)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)和(he)(he)(he)預報(bao)系統，提(ti)高風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率預測(ce)(ce)精度。目前，融合(he)了大(da)數據、物(wu)聯(lian)網(wang)、人(ren)工智能(neng)(neng)、云計(ji)算等(deng)(deng)互聯(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)的大(da)型能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)工業軟件平(ping)臺，已經全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)應用于風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)評(ping)估與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場設(she)計(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)氣象預報(bao)和(he)(he)(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)，可以實(shi)現全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)圖(tu)譜、全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)平(ping)準化度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本分析、全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)配網(wang)策略、風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場微觀選址(zhi)等(deng)(deng)20項(xiang)功能(neng)(neng)，可為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)業提(ti)供覆蓋項(xiang)目全(quan)(quan)(quan)生命周期(qi)的智慧化專(zhuan)業服(fu)務(wu)。根(gen)據《實(shi)施(shi)方案》要求，下(xia)一(yi)步國(guo)土、林地等(deng)(deng)相關部門應加(jia)快(kuai)出臺有(you)關配套政策，協同打通國(guo)土空間規(gui)劃“一(yi)張圖(tu)”，不斷(duan)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)相關公共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)體系。

案例3-9建立測風(feng)塔及測風(feng)數據(ju)共享機制支持(chi)新能源項目發展

山東省(sheng)煙臺(tai)市萊州(zhou)(zhou)市位于(yu)山東省(sheng)東北(bei)部(bu)，煙臺(tai)市西(xi)部(bu)，西(xi)臨(lin)渤海(hai)萊州(zhou)(zhou)灣(wan)，屬暖(nuan)溫帶季風(feng)(feng)(feng)大(da)陸性氣候，具有(you)良好的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)資源條件，因此吸引(yin)了(le)大(da)唐、中廣(guang)核、三峽新能(neng)源等多家公司在(zai)此開(kai)展風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)項目(mu)(mu)建設(she)，出現在(zai)很小(xiao)的(de)區域(yu)范圍內就有(you)幾家不(bu)同發(fa)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)場的(de)情況。因為目(mu)(mu)前測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)塔(ta)及(ji)測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)數(shu)據(ju)還未實(shi)現共享，導致各家企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)開(kai)展各自(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)場建設(she)過程(cheng)中，都(dou)需要建設(she)各自(zi)的(de)測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)塔(ta)以及(ji)測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)分(fen)析，造成了(le)人力、物力、財力的(de)浪費(fei)。如果建立測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)塔(ta)及(ji)測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)數(shu)據(ju)共享機(ji)制(zhi)，有(you)利于(yu)企(qi)業(ye)一(yi)站(zhan)式完成選址(zhi)或場址(zhi)復核，無需企(qi)業(ye)多次跑、多頭跑，可大(da)大(da)縮短項目(mu)(mu)前期工作時間，提(ti)高(gao)項目(mu)(mu)推進效(xiao)率。

主要(yao)政策點(dian)2：完善(shan)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)業防災(zai)減(jian)災(zai)綜合服務體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。加(jia)快(kuai)推動新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)裝備標準和檢測認證(zheng)等公(gong)共服務體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建設，支持建設國(guo)家新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)裝備質(zhi)量公(gong)告平臺和關鍵(jian)產(chan)品公(gong)共檢測平臺。

建(jian)立健全標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，是(shi)推(tui)動新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)(ye)健康發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)保(bao)障之一。我國(guo)已基本形成(cheng)了(le)(le)以(yi)國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為核心、行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為配套支撐(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。以(yi)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)為例，已發(fa)布實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)超過130項(xiang)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)項(xiang)目涉及陸上風(feng)(feng)電(dian)及海上風(feng)(feng)電(dian)整機、零部件、風(feng)(feng)電(dian)場(chang)、檢測認證(zheng)、運(yun)行(xing)(xing)維護等。同時，國(guo)內(nei)機構(gou)還(huan)積(ji)極牽頭和參與(yu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)國(guo)際標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)，并推(tui)動國(guo)際可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)認證(zheng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)（IECRE）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合格評定(ding)互認機制(zhi)(zhi)。然而，在產業(ye)(ye)保(bao)持快速發(fa)展(zhan)、技(ji)術能(neng)力不(bu)(bu)斷取得(de)突(tu)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，我國(guo)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)設仍(reng)存在不(bu)(bu)足。突(tu)出(chu)問題是(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)（修）訂(ding)(ding)進(jin)度相對滯后(hou)。比(bi)如，我國(guo)早期制(zhi)(zhi)訂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)已不(bu)(bu)能(neng)適應(ying)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)產業(ye)(ye)目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)需要(yao)，部分國(guo)外標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)經轉化后(hou)又無法(fa)完(wan)(wan)全適用(yong)于我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工況環境，導致標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)與(yu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)發(fa)展(zhan)之間(jian)存在脫節。對此(ci)，除了(le)(le)繼續關注先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)際標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)并進(jin)行(xing)(xing)轉化外，還(huan)需要(yao)加大標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)實(shi)施(shi)以(yi)及標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化工作人員培訓(xun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力度；重點圍繞新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術創新(xin)(xin)迭(die)代(dai)、新(xin)(xin)材料引入、新(xin)(xin)工藝應(ying)用(yong)、新(xin)(xin)領域開(kai)拓(tuo)等，進(jin)一步完(wan)(wan)善標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。

檢測(ce)認(ren)證公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，是(shi)開展(zhan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)技術(shu)(shu)研發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)一個重要(yao)支(zhi)(zhi)撐。關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)共(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)技術(shu)(shu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠為(wei)某一領域技術(shu)(shu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)或新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)提供支(zhi)(zhi)撐，是(shi)整個產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)進步(bu)和創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)基礎，對提升產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)技術(shu)(shu)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)質量(liang)(liang)、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)效率(lv)具有很(hen)強的(de)帶動(dong)(dong)作用。經過(guo)多年的(de)努(nu)力，我國(guo)已建(jian)成(cheng)國(guo)家(jia)海上風電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)備質量(liang)(liang)檢驗(yan)(yan)檢測(ce)中心等國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)檢測(ce)認(ren)證公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，對加速(su)我國(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技術(shu)(shu)進步(bu)起(qi)到了(le)(le)很(hen)好的(de)促進作用。然而(er)，整體(ti)來看，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)檢測(ce)認(ren)證公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)設(she)(she)較為(wei)緩慢，無法滿足產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)高速(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)需要(yao)。而(er)國(guo)外相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)機(ji)構早已在積極推進相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)的(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)，如風電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)方(fang)面，美國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)實驗(yan)(yan)室建(jian)設(she)(she)了(le)(le)百米級(ji)風電(dian)(dian)葉片全尺(chi)寸實驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，德國(guo)弗勞恩霍夫風能(neng)(neng)(neng)研究建(jian)設(she)(she)了(le)(le)可以(yi)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)20兆瓦(wa)風電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組與(yu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)兼容性(xing)的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，英國(guo)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)孵化中心（ORE Catapult）建(jian)設(she)(she)了(le)(le)15兆瓦(wa)風電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組傳動(dong)(dong)鏈(lian)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，而(er)國(guo)內尚處于起(qi)步(bu)階段，多數關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)環節的(de)技術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)仍缺少能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠適應(ying)未(wei)來產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)基礎設(she)(she)施的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)。對此，國(guo)家(jia)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)主管部門應(ying)加快公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)研發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)建(jian)設(she)(she)，可由第(di)三方(fang)機(ji)構牽(qian)頭(tou)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同參與(yu)，以(yi)國(guo)家(jia)投資為(wei)主、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)集資為(wei)輔的(de)方(fang)式，建(jian)設(she)(she)起(qi)風機(ji)傳動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統、葉片、軸承等研發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)。

案例3-10我國(guo)建成國(guo)家(jia)級海上(shang)風電裝備檢驗檢測公共服務平臺

2021年1月，位(wei)于廣東省陽江市的國(guo)(guo)家海(hai)上風電(dian)裝(zhuang)備質量檢驗(yan)檢測中心(xin)獲得國(guo)(guo)家級資質并正式投入運營，承擔了(le)我國(guo)(guo)海(hai)上風電(dian)關鍵(jian)部件的測試研發工作(zuo)，在我國(guo)(guo)新能源(yuan)產業發展中發揮了(le)重(zhong)要作(zuo)用。

國(guo)(guo)家海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備質量(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)中心(xin)是經國(guo)(guo)家認證(zheng)(zheng)認可監督管理委員會(hui)批準，鑒衡(heng)認證(zheng)(zheng)中心(xin)投(tou)資建設運營(ying)的(de)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備公共檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)與技(ji)術(shu)服務平臺，也是我國(guo)(guo)目(mu)前唯一一個國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)公共服務平臺。該(gai)中心(xin)計劃建成整(zheng)機(ji)(ji)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)、葉片實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)、在役機(ji)(ji)組檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)、化學(xue)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)，在海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備領域形成從原材料、部件、整(zheng)機(ji)(ji)到在役機(ji)(ji)組的(de)全生命周期檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)服務能力，將極大拓展我國(guo)(guo)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)整(zheng)機(ji)(ji)及(ji)關鍵部件的(de)測(ce)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)證(zheng)(zheng)資源。

其中，葉(xie)片(pian)實驗(yan)室可以(yi)按照國際(ji)標準開(kai)展150米葉(xie)片(pian)全(quan)尺寸試(shi)驗(yan)，從長度、功率(lv)、質(zhi)量(liang)、載荷等(deng)方面通過設(she)計(ji)(ji)參(can)(can)數的相關性分(fen)析，構建起葉(xie)片(pian)關鍵參(can)(can)數的預(yu)期評估模型，對(dui)風(feng)(feng)電葉(xie)片(pian)的設(she)計(ji)(ji)與試(shi)驗(yan)參(can)(can)數進行預(yu)判，模擬風(feng)(feng)電葉(xie)片(pian)在(zai)實際(ji)運(yun)行中的狀態(tai)，為項目建設(she)提供設(she)計(ji)(ji)依據。這使得(de)我國風(feng)(feng)電葉(xie)片(pian)檢測能力達到全(quan)球(qiu)領(ling)先水(shui)平，助力我國海上風(feng)(feng)電產業(ye)蓬勃發展。