據青(qing)海省人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)官網消(xiao)息,7月13日,青(qing)海省人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)和國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)局聯合印發《青(qing)海打(da)造國(guo)家清潔能(neng)源(yuan)產業高地行(xing)動(dong)(dong)方(fang)案》(以下簡稱《行(xing)動(dong)(dong)方(fang)案》)。《行(xing)動(dong)(dong)方(fang)案》著眼保障能(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全和應(ying)對氣候變化兩大(da)目標(biao)任務,錨定2030年全省風電、光(guang)伏裝機(ji)1億千瓦(wa)以上、清潔能(neng)源(yuan)裝機(ji)超過1.4億千瓦(wa)的目標(biao),服(fu)務全國(guo)如(ru)期實現碳達峰(feng)、碳中和目標(biao)。
同時(shi),作(zuo)為(wei)國內光熱(re)發(fa)電產(chan)業的(de)發(fa)展“熱(re)土”和領跑者,青海(hai)省(sheng)此次(ci)發(fa)布(bu)的(de)《行動(dong)方案》也重點提及光熱(re)發(fa)電,并明確了(le)未來發(fa)展目標。
《行動方案》提出(chu),青海(hai)將推進光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)多(duo)元(yuan)化布局。發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)靈活調節、電(dian)網支撐和(he)促進新能(neng)源消納的優(you)勢,推進光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)多(duo)元(yuan)化開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)設。創新技術發(fa)(fa)(fa)展模(mo)式(shi),示范推進光(guang)熱(re)(re)與光(guang)伏(fu)一體化友好型融合電(dian)站。到2030年,青海(hai)光(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)站裝機規(gui)模(mo)達到300萬千(qian)瓦以(yi)上。
光熱(re)發電技(ji)術方面,青海擬籌建先(xian)進(jin)儲能(neng)技(ji)術國家重點實驗室,拓展儲能(neng)實證基地(di),形成光熱(re)發電技(ji)術體系;同(tong)時計(ji)劃通過(guo)技(ji)術攻關突破長時光熱(re)發電關鍵技(ji)術,推進(jin)成本快速下降。
此外,引領發展清潔能源衍生產(chan)業方面,青海計劃借助青海和全國其(qi)他(ta)地區光熱(re)等產(chan)業發展,進一步擴大鹽湖產(chan)業規模(mo),建設世界(jie)級鹽湖基地。
目前(qian)來看,未來光熱發電項(xiang)目或將主要通過源網荷儲一體化(hua)和(he)多(duo)能互補項(xiang)目來進行(xing)部署(shu)。
今年(nian)6月11日,青海省能(neng)(neng)源局印發(fa)《關(guan)于2021年(nian)市場化(hua)并(bing)網(wang)項目開發(fa)建(jian)設(she)有(you)關(guan)事項的(de)通知(zhi)》,綜合考(kao)慮(lv)建(jian)設(she)條件成熟度、負荷落地可能(neng)(neng)性、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)配置比例(li)及(ji)企(qi)業(ye)綜合能(neng)(neng)力等因素,篩選(xuan)(xuan)確定了2021年(nian)首批市場化(hua)并(bing)網(wang)重點推進項目20個(ge),其中位于海西(xi)州德令哈市、海西(xi)州格(ge)爾木(mu)市、海南州共和縣和玉樹州囊謙(qian)縣的(de)多個(ge)含光熱發(fa)電和熔鹽儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)項目的(de)市場化(hua)并(bing)網(wang)項目成功入選(xuan)(xuan)該名單(dan)。
整體來看,《行動(dong)方案》主要提出了兩個(ge)層面的目標(biao)。一是到(dao)2025年(nian),國家(jia)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)高(gao)地(di)(di)初具規模(mo),黃河上游清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)地(di)(di)建(jian)設穩步推(tui)進(jin),清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機占(zhan)比、發電量占(zhan)比、一次能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費占(zhan)比進(jin)一步提高(gao),清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展的全(quan)國領(ling)先地(di)(di)位進(jin)一步提升。到(dao)2030年(nian),國家(jia)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)高(gao)地(di)(di)基(ji)本建(jian)成,力爭實(shi)現“雙脫鉤”,為全(quan)國能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構優(you)化,如(ru)期實(shi)現碳達(da)峰、碳中和目標(biao)作(zuo)出青海(hai)貢獻。二是建(jian)成零碳電力系(xi)統(tong)。到(dao)2030年(nian),全(quan)面建(jian)成以清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為主體的新型電力系(xi)統(tong),基(ji)本建(jian)成零碳電網。光伏制造業(ye)、儲能(neng)(neng)制造業(ye)產值分(fen)別過千億元。
如下為《青海打造國家清潔能源產業高地行動方案》內容摘要:
一、發展目標
充分發(fa)揮青(qing)海清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)優(you)(you)勢,以(yi)服(fu)務全國(guo)(guo)(guo)碳達(da)峰、碳中(zhong)和目(mu)標為己(ji)任,以(yi)“雙主導”推動“雙脫(tuo)鉤”,到(dao)2025年,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)高(gao)地(di)(di)初(chu)具規模(mo),黃河上(shang)游清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基(ji)地(di)(di)建(jian)設穩(wen)步(bu)推進,清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝機(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)比、發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)比、一次能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)占(zhan)(zhan)比進一步(bu)提高(gao),清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展的全國(guo)(guo)(guo)領先地(di)(di)位(wei)進一步(bu)提升。到(dao)2030年,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)高(gao)地(di)(di)基(ji)本(ben)建(jian)成(cheng),零碳電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)基(ji)本(ben)建(jian)成(cheng),光伏制造業(ye)、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制造業(ye)產值分別過千億,力(li)爭實(shi)現“雙脫(tuo)鉤”,為全國(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構優(you)(you)化,如期實(shi)現碳達(da)峰、碳中(zhong)和目(mu)標作出“青(qing)海貢獻”。
二、具體舉措
1、以新發展理念引領清潔能源集約化發展
——推進(jin)清(qing)潔能源(yuan)和(he)生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)協同發展。以保護和(he)改善生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)為(wei)出發點和(he)落腳點,在清(qing)潔能源(yuan)開發建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)嚴守“三線一單”管控要求,在能源(yuan)產(chan)業開發中(zhong)(zhong)落實生(sheng)態(tai)優先(xian)戰(zhan)略(lve)。在清(qing)潔能源(yuan)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設和(he)運行中(zhong)(zhong)堅持清(qing)潔能源(yuan)產(chan)業生(sheng)態(tai)化,在能源(yuan)供給和(he)消費中(zhong)(zhong)促進(jin)經(jing)濟綠色發展。
——深(shen)度挖掘(jue)黃河上(shang)游水(shui)(shui)電開發潛(qian)力。“十四五”期間有序實施黃河上(shang)游水(shui)(shui)電站開發建(jian)設(she)規劃(hua),全(quan)力推進瑪爾(er)擋、羊曲水(shui)(shui)電站建(jian)成投產。積極(ji)開展茨(ci)哈峽(xia)、爾(er)多、寧木(mu)特水(shui)(shui)電站前期工(gong)作。加快推進黃河上(shang)游已建(jian)水(shui)(shui)電站擴機(ji)改造。充分(fen)發揮水(shui)(shui)電調壓調相功能(neng),提高新能(neng)源(yuan)消納(na)及電網(wang)安全(quan)穩定運行水(shui)(shui)平。
——打造國家(jia)級光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)和風電(dian)基(ji)地。積極推(tui)進光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)和風電(dian)基(ji)地化規(gui)模化開(kai)發(fa)(fa),形成以(yi)海(hai)(hai)南州、海(hai)(hai)西州千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦級新能源基(ji)地為依托,輻射海(hai)(hai)北(bei)州、黃南州的新能源開(kai)發(fa)(fa)格局(ju)。以(yi)大型園區、公(gong)共設施、居民(min)住(zhu)宅(zhai)、高速(su)公(gong)路等(deng)為依托發(fa)(fa)展分(fen)布式光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)。因地制宜推(tui)廣光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)治沙。積極發(fa)(fa)展分(fen)散式風電(dian)。
——推進(jin)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)多(duo)元化布局。發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)靈活調節、電(dian)網支撐(cheng)和促進(jin)新(xin)能源消(xiao)納的優勢,推進(jin)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)多(duo)元化開發(fa)(fa)(fa)建設。創新(xin)技(ji)術發(fa)(fa)(fa)展模式,示范推進(jin)光(guang)熱(re)與光(guang)伏(fu)一體化友好型(xing)融合電(dian)站。到2030年,青海光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)站裝機(ji)規模達到300萬千瓦以上(shang)。
——穩(wen)(wen)步(bu)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)地(di)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)其他清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)。深入(ru)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)共(gong)和(he)至貴(gui)德、西(xi)寧至海東地(di)區(qu)地(di)熱(re)資源(yuan)、共(gong)和(he)盆(pen)地(di)干熱(re)巖開發(fa)利用(yong),實現試(shi)驗性(xing)發(fa)電及推(tui)(tui)廣應用(yong)。統籌做好天然氣(qi)(qi)儲氣(qi)(qi)調峰(feng)工作。發(fa)揮燃氣(qi)(qi)電站深度應急調峰(feng)和(he)快速啟停等(deng)優(you)勢(shi),因地(di)制宜合理(li)布局一(yi)定規模的燃氣(qi)(qi)電站,推(tui)(tui)動(dong)氣(qi)(qi)電與新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)融合發(fa)展(zhan)。編制核能(neng)(neng)開發(fa)利用(yong)規劃,完成(cheng)小堆供熱(re)試(shi)點項(xiang)目前期(qi)工作,穩(wen)(wen)妥(tuo)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)核能(neng)(neng)開發(fa)利用(yong)。
2、以系統集成思維構建新型電力系統
——加(jia)強(qiang)省(sheng)內(nei)骨干電(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設。重點圍繞清(qing)潔能(neng)源(yuan)基地開發和輸送(song)、負荷中(zhong)心地區電(dian)力需(xu)求(qiu)增長、省(sheng)內(nei)大型清(qing)潔電(dian)源(yuan)接入需(xu)求(qiu),建(jian)設各電(dian)壓等級(ji)協(xie)調發展(zhan)的堅強(qiang)智能(neng)電(dian)網(wang);進一步提(ti)升東西(xi)部電(dian)網(wang)斷面輸電(dian)能(neng)力,滿足(zu)海西(xi)、海南兩大清(qing)潔能(neng)源(yuan)基地互濟需(xu)求(qiu),構建(jian)綠色高效(xiao)的資源(yuan)配置平(ping)臺。加(jia)強(qiang)750千(qian)伏骨干電(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設,優化調整(zheng)330千(qian)伏電(dian)網(wang)結(jie)構,建(jian)設玉樹至果洛第二回330千(qian)伏線(xian)路,加(jia)強(qiang)省(sheng)內(nei)外聯絡互供能(neng)力,全面提(ti)高主網(wang)架安全可靠(kao)性(xing)。
——打造西(xi)北區域電力調(diao)蓄(xu)中心。加強(qiang)省間(jian)電網(wang)(wang)互聯(lian),擴大資源優化配置(zhi)范圍,“十四五”期間(jian),建成郭隆至(zhi)(zhi)武勝(sheng)第三回750千伏線路。適時推進羚羊至(zhi)(zhi)若羌雙回750千伏線路,實(shi)現青海(hai)與新疆電網(wang)(wang)互聯(lian),在青海(hai)形(xing)成海(hai)南、海(hai)西(xi)兩大電力樞紐,雙輪驅動青海(hai)乃至(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)北區域電力清潔轉(zhuan)型。
——加(jia)快推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)跨區電(dian)(dian)力(li)外送通道(dao)(dao)建(jian)設。在實(shi)現(xian)青海(hai)省內清(qing)潔低碳(tan)發展(zhan)基(ji)礎上,積極擴大綠色電(dian)(dian)力(li)跨省跨區外送規模,支撐清(qing)潔能(neng)源基(ji)地(di)(di)建(jian)設,服務全國碳(tan)達峰目(mu)標實(shi)現(xian)。“十四五”初期,建(jian)成投產青海(hai)至河南±800千伏特高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直流(liu)工(gong)程二期配套清(qing)潔電(dian)(dian)源,實(shi)現(xian)世界首條(tiao)完全采用清(qing)潔能(neng)源多能(neng)互補供電(dian)(dian)的(de)特高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)通道(dao)(dao)工(gong)程滿負荷(he)送電(dian)(dian)。重點(dian)圍繞海(hai)西(xi)清(qing)潔能(neng)源基(ji)地(di)(di),開展(zhan)青海(hai)第(di)二條(tiao)特高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)外送通道(dao)(dao)研(yan)究(jiu)論(lun)證(zheng)工(gong)作。根據第(di)二條(tiao)通道(dao)(dao)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)情(qing)況,適時研(yan)究(jiu)論(lun)證(zheng)第(di)三條(tiao)跨區特高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)外送輸電(dian)(dian)通道(dao)(dao)和(he)配套清(qing)潔能(neng)源基(ji)地(di)(di)。
——積極(ji)(ji)推進源(yuan)網(wang)(wang)荷儲一體化(hua)示(shi)范。優化(hua)整合青海電源(yuan)側(ce)、電網(wang)(wang)側(ce)、負(fu)荷側(ce)和各類(lei)儲能資源(yuan),公平引(yin)入(ru)各類(lei)市(shi)場(chang)主體,全面(mian)放開市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)交易,通過(guo)價格信號引(yin)導各類(lei)市(shi)場(chang)主體靈活調節、多向互動,積極(ji)(ji)構建源(yuan)網(wang)(wang)荷儲高度融合的新型電力系(xi)統(tong)發展(zhan)模式。
——率(lv)先打造零(ling)碳(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)。加大技術(shu)攻關力(li)度,創新發(fa)(fa)展理念,優化煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)(neng)定位,持續(xu)完善(shan)主網架結(jie)構,建立(li)健(jian)全(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場運行(xing)(xing)和交易機制,持續(xu)推(tui)進全(quan)網綠電(dian)(dian)(dian)示范(fan)行(xing)(xing)動,不斷延長(chang)全(quan)網綠電(dian)(dian)(dian)持續(xu)時間(jian),引領全(quan)國(guo)以新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主體的新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)示范(fan)行(xing)(xing)動,在(zai)(zai)“十(shi)四(si)五”初期實現豐水期煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)停的全(quan)網綠電(dian)(dian)(dian)實踐(jian);在(zai)(zai)2030年前完成存(cun)量(liang)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉調(diao)相機或緊(jin)急備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)改造,在(zai)(zai)系統(tong)中僅發(fa)(fa)揮支撐(cheng)調(diao)節和緊(jin)急備用功能(neng)(neng),實現煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)清零(ling);打造零(ling)碳(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)。推(tui)進燃氣(qi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)碳(tan)捕集、利用與封存(cun)技術(shu)應用,在(zai)(zai)全(quan)國(guo)建成首個省(sheng)域零(ling)碳(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)。
——提(ti)升需求(qiu)側(ce)(ce)響(xiang)(xiang)應水平(ping)。推動工業領(ling)域負荷(he)參(can)與(yu)電力需求(qiu)側(ce)(ce)響(xiang)(xiang)應,加強(qiang)鹽湖化工、有色等高載能行業中間(jian)歇性(xing)負荷(he)的需求(qiu)側(ce)(ce)管理(li),積極(ji)推進需求(qiu)側(ce)(ce)終端(duan)設備智(zhi)能化改造和需求(qiu)側(ce)(ce)響(xiang)(xiang)應管理(li)平(ping)臺建設,完善需求(qiu)側(ce)(ce)響(xiang)(xiang)應激勵政策,促進商業模式建立,提(ti)升清(qing)潔能源本地消納能力。
3、以綠色共享促進經濟社會低碳轉型
——加快(kuai)實施電(dian)能(neng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)工程。在終(zhong)端能(neng)源消費中(zhong)加大電(dian)能(neng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)力度,加快(kuai)構建以電(dian)能(neng)消費為主導的(de)清潔(jie)能(neng)源體系(xi)。積極拓寬清潔(jie)電(dian)力應用(yong)領域(yu),擴大居(ju)民(min)生活用(yong)電(dian)規模,提高城(cheng)鄉居(ju)民(min)終(zhong)端用(yong)能(neng)領域(yu)電(dian)氣化水平。
——全(quan)力(li)推進清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)取暖(nuan)工程(cheng)。繼(ji)續用好援青(qing)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce),協調用好國家“三江(jiang)源(yuan)”清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)取暖(nuan)輸(shu)配電(dian)價政(zheng)策(ce)(ce),進一步完善峰(feng)平谷電(dian)價,爭取國家北方地區清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)供(gong)暖(nuan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)支持。全(quan)力(li)實施“潔(jie)凈三江(jiang)源(yuan)”和(he)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)取暖(nuan)示范縣(xian)工程(cheng),循序(xu)漸進擴(kuo)大(da)試點改(gai)造(zao)范圍。構建(jian)以可再生能源(yuan)供(gong)暖(nuan)、地熱供(gong)暖(nuan)、電(dian)供(gong)暖(nuan)為主導的清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)供(gong)暖(nuan)體系,率先實現(xian)全(quan)省供(gong)暖(nuan)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)化。
——加快(kuai)推廣(guang)綠色交通工程。加快(kuai)推廣(guang)綠色交通,創新電(dian)動車發展商業(ye)模式,結合(he)(he)多元化應用場(chang)景,建立換電(dian)充(chong)電(dian)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)的基礎設施(shi)體系,鼓勵共享經濟(ji)與綠色交通相(xiang)融合(he)(he)。“十四五”末(mo)期,市政車電(dian)動化率(lv)100%,出租車電(dian)動化率(lv)100%。率(lv)先實現全(quan)省汽(qi)車電(dian)動化。
——積極推(tui)進綠氫(qing)(qing)終端應用(yong)。發揮青海光伏(fu)發電(dian)成本低(di)的優勢,推(tui)動光伏(fu)發電(dian)制氫(qing)(qing)產業化(hua)發展,打造規模(mo)化(hua)綠氫(qing)(qing)生(sheng)產基地。積極探索氫(qing)(qing)氣在冶(ye)金(jin)化(hua)工領(ling)域的替代應用(yong),有效(xiao)降低(di)冶(ye)金(jin)化(hua)工領(ling)域化(hua)石能源消耗。
——打造清潔低碳的(de)(de)新型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)能(neng)源體系。建(jian)(jian)設(she)智(zhi)能(neng)互動的(de)(de)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)配(pei)電網(wang),加(jia)強配(pei)電網(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)和智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)升(sheng)級,推行模(mo)塊化(hua)(hua)設(she)計、規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)選型(xing)(xing)(xing)、標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。中心城(cheng)市(區)圍(wei)繞發展定位和高可靠用(yong)電需求(qiu),高起點高標(biao)準(zhun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)配(pei)電網(wang),供電質量達到(dao)國內先進(jin)水平,支撐新型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)下的(de)(de)清潔用(yong)能(neng)需求(qiu)。城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)地區結合新型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)進(jin)程(cheng),適度超(chao)前建(jian)(jian)設(she)配(pei)電網(wang),滿足(zu)快速(su)增長的(de)(de)用(yong)電需求(qiu)。
——打造綠色循環的鄉(xiang)村振興能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體系。全面提升(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)村電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)普遍服務(wu)(wu)水平(ping),加大農(nong)(nong)村電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)基礎設施(shi)投入,加快推(tui)進(jin)新(xin)一輪農(nong)(nong)村電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)改造,重點推(tui)進(jin)新(xin)型小鎮、中心(xin)村電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和農(nong)(nong)業生產供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)改造升(sheng)(sheng)級,提升(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)村電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing),提高農(nong)(nong)村電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化水平(ping)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力普遍服務(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)力。最(zui)大限度(du)實(shi)施(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)延伸工程,提升(sheng)(sheng)涉藏(zang)地區(qu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)、可及性(xing)。加大農(nong)(nong)村地區(qu)生物質能(neng)(neng)、地熱能(neng)(neng)等各類清(qing)(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開發利用規(gui)模,打造新(xin)型鄉(xiang)村清(qing)(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)體經濟(ji),以清(qing)(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業發展支撐鄉(xiang)村振興。
4、以優化布局打造多元協同高效儲能體系
——大力推(tui)進黃河上(shang)游梯(ti)級儲能電(dian)(dian)(dian)站建設(she)。充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮大型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫電(dian)(dian)(dian)站長周(zhou)期儲能調(diao)蓄作用,建設(she)黃河上(shang)游梯(ti)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)站大型(xing)儲能項目,充(chong)分挖(wa)掘水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)節潛力,實現水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)二次開發(fa)(fa)(fa)利(li)用。推(tui)動常(chang)規水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、可(ke)逆式機組(zu)、儲能泵站協同開發(fa)(fa)(fa)模式,推(tui)動瑪爾擋(dang)、茨哈(ha)峽等水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站可(ke)逆式機組(zu)梯(ti)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)站儲能項目建設(she)運行。
——加快推(tui)進抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電站(zhan)建設。充分發揮抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)在電力系統(tong)調(diao)峰(feng)調(diao)頻、事故備用功(gong)能(neng),并為青海電網提供儲能(neng)調(diao)節、晚間基(ji)礎電量支撐作(zuo)用。完成(cheng)新(xin)一輪(lun)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)規劃,積極(ji)推(tui)動(dong)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電站(zhan)建設。“十四五”期(qi)間,開(kai)工建設貴南哇讓抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電站(zhan),推(tui)動(dong)格爾木南山口抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電站(zhan)、瑪爾擋抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電站(zhan)前期(qi)工作(zuo),實現電力系統(tong)中(zhong)長(chang)周期(qi)儲能(neng)調(diao)節。
——積極發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)型電儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。依托青(qing)海(hai)鹽(yan)湖鋰資源優勢(shi),圍繞(rao)海(hai)南州、海(hai)西(xi)州千萬千瓦(wa)級清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源基地(di)建設(she),發(fa)揮電化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在電力系(xi)統中多功能(neng)(neng)(neng)優勢(shi),完善電力市場(chang)和(he)補償機制(zhi)。“十四(si)五(wu)”末(mo),青(qing)海(hai)新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝機規(gui)模達到600萬千瓦(wa)左右,應用規(gui)模位居全國前列(lie),實現(xian)電力系(xi)統中短周期(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調節。
——合理配(pei)置多(duo)元儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)體系。發揮各類儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)經濟優勢,構建以流域梯級儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)為長(chang)周(zhou)期(qi)調節、抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)和長(chang)時電化學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)為中周(zhou)期(qi)調節、短時電化學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)為短周(zhou)期(qi)調節的(de)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補的(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)體系,滿(man)足系統供需(xu)平(ping)衡(heng)、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)納、電網(wang)支撐(cheng)等不(bu)同類型需(xu)求,打造國家儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發展先(xian)行(xing)示范區。
5、以技術標準創新推動產業升級
——建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)源技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體系。加強清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)源標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)科研(yan)(yan)平臺建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設和支持力度(du),推動科技(ji)(ji)(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體系建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立。開(kai)展不同氣候條件(jian)、應用(yong)(yong)場(chang)景下光伏發(fa)電(dian)系統及部(bu)件(jian)實證(zheng)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立測試認證(zheng)體系。籌(chou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)先進(jin)儲能(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)國家重點(dian)實驗室,拓展儲能(neng)實證(zheng)基地,形成(cheng)光熱發(fa)電(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)體系。開(kai)展干熱巖勘察和開(kai)采技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),開(kai)展天(tian)然氣水(shui)(shui)合(he)物相關實驗和基礎性技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。依托光伏、儲能(neng)、水(shui)(shui)電(dian)、風電(dian)前(qian)沿(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)應用(yong)(yong),形成(cheng)綠色技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)和標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體系。
——形成清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)創新體(ti)系。加強(qiang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)攻關,推動(dong)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)及設備提質增效(xiao),構建科技(ji)(ji)(ji)引(yin)領(ling)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源創新體(ti)系。加快(kuai)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)率(lv)低成本光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電池(chi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研究(jiu),提高(gao)(gao)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)轉換(huan)效(xiao)率(lv)。開展(zhan)(zhan)高(gao)(gao)海拔、低風(feng)(feng)速高(gao)(gao)原型風(feng)(feng)機研究(jiu),提升風(feng)(feng)電效(xiao)率(lv)。促進(jin)(jin)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源涉網(wang)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)改進(jin)(jin)升級(ji),提高(gao)(gao)主動(dong)支撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力和快(kuai)速響(xiang)應(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。突破(po)長(chang)時光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電關鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu),推進(jin)(jin)成本快(kuai)速下(xia)降(jiang)。開展(zhan)(zhan)氫氣制備與儲運技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研究(jiu),開展(zhan)(zhan)大容量多元儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用推廣。加強(qiang)頁巖氣、地熱等新型清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源勘查開發(fa)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)攻關。
——持(chi)續(xu)壯(zhuang)大清潔(jie)能源(yuan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。加強柴達(da)木(mu)循(xun)環經濟試驗區、西寧經濟技術(shu)開發區、海東工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)3大產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區規劃布(bu)局。完(wan)善產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群,提(ti)升產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)附(fu)加值,集群化發展清潔(jie)能源(yuan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),持(chi)續(xu)壯(zhuang)大產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈,構(gou)建(jian)線上線下全面支(zhi)持(chi)的清潔(jie)能源(yuan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態圈(quan),形(xing)成(cheng)省(sheng)內自主品牌。發揮鹽湖鋰資源(yuan)優勢,引進并培育(yu)鋰電(dian)及配套(tao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),構(gou)建(jian)鋰電(dian)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈,為電(dian)化學儲能提(ti)供產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支(zhi)撐。擴展全生(sheng)命(ming)周期循(xun)環經濟,建(jian)立(li)退役(yi)風機、光(guang)伏電(dian)池板、廢舊鋰電(dian)池回(hui)收(shou)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈。
——引領發展清潔能源衍生產(chan)業(ye)。借助青海(hai)和全國其他地區光(guang)熱(re)等(deng)(deng)(deng)產(chan)業(ye)發展,進(jin)一步擴(kuo)大(da)(da)鹽(yan)湖產(chan)業(ye)規模,建設世界級(ji)鹽(yan)湖基地。發展新能源汽車(che)裝備(bei)制造、充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)相結合的新能源汽車(che)產(chan)業(ye)生態(tai)鏈(lian)。引進(jin)發展大(da)(da)數據、區塊鏈(lian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)綠色高載能產(chan)業(ye),構建數據中心、電(dian)子商務等(deng)(deng)(deng)數字產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)。加(jia)快推進(jin)農光(guang)、牧光(guang)、光(guang)伏治(zhi)沙(sha)等(deng)(deng)(deng)融(rong)合發展模式(shi),推動荒(huang)漠化(hua)治(zhi)理,促進(jin)新型農業(ye)、牧業(ye)等(deng)(deng)(deng)產(chan)業(ye)發展壯大(da)(da)。加(jia)快綠電(dian)發展,零(ling)碳電(dian)網打造,建設零(ling)碳產(chan)業(ye)園(yuan)。
6、以深化能源革命構建市場化發展體系
——持續(xu)推進(jin)電力市場(chang)(chang)化改革(ge)。充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮市場(chang)(chang)在資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)配置(zhi)(zhi)中的(de)決(jue)定性作(zuo)用(yong),促(cu)進(jin)清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)更大(da)范(fan)圍、更高效率優化配置(zhi)(zhi)。綜合運(yun)用(yong)價格(ge)、監(jian)管等手段,創新(xin)打造能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)命示范(fan)。逐步(bu)建立以(yi)中長期交(jiao)易(yi)規避風險,以(yi)現(xian)貨市場(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)價格(ge),交(jiao)易(yi)品種(zhong)齊全(quan)、功能(neng)(neng)完善的(de)電力市場(chang)(chang)。探索后補貼時代適應新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)市場(chang)(chang)模式,通(tong)過市場(chang)(chang)激勵機制促(cu)進(jin)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。建立適宜(yi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)市場(chang)(chang)機制,鼓勵儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電站以(yi)獨立市場(chang)(chang)主體身份直(zhi)接參(can)與(yu)市場(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)易(yi),形成(cheng)以(yi)市場(chang)(chang)收益推動(dong)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)行業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)良性機制。
——完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)形(xing)(xing)成機(ji)制(zhi)。完(wan)善各類可(ke)再生能源發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)形(xing)(xing)成機(ji)制(zhi)。以開發(fa)(fa)(fa)成本為(wei)基礎(chu),充分考慮調(diao)頻(pin)調(diao)峰(feng)儲蓄和碳匯價(jia)格要素,通過競爭性配置方式(shi)確(que)定風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia),穩定社(she)會投資預期(qi)。在跨省(sheng)跨區交(jiao)易中對標(biao)受(shou)端省(sheng)區峰(feng)平谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)水平,探索綠色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力價(jia)格機(ji)制(zhi)。完(wan)善抽水蓄能和新型儲能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)。建立(li)有(you)利于(yu)分布式(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)。完(wan)善清潔(jie)供暖(nuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充換的輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)和終端銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)疏導機(ji)制(zhi)。
——保(bao)障(zhang)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)。扎實(shi)(shi)落實(shi)(shi)國(guo)家清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)目標(biao)任務和可再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)責(ze)任權重要求,積極推進清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)并網接入和優化調度運行(xing),有效保(bao)障(zhang)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)優先上網和高效消(xiao)(xiao)納(na),打造全國(guo)高比(bi)例(li)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)利用高地。
——積極引導綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)能源消費。積極推進能源生產(chan)和(he)消費主體(ti)參與碳排放權交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)和(he)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)電(dian)力證(zheng)書交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi),不斷(duan)擴大交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)市場范圍。鼓(gu)勵清潔能源發電(dian)企業(ye)通(tong)(tong)過出(chu)售綠(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)等(deng)方(fang)式,促進資(zi)金和(he)資(zi)源在不同區域間(jian)融通(tong)(tong),助力完(wan)成(cheng)消納責任權重考核,實(shi)現(xian)清潔電(dian)力的綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)價(jia)值。鼓(gu)勵通(tong)(tong)過應用清潔電(dian)力、購買綠(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)等(deng)方(fang)式,實(shi)現(xian)100%清潔能源產(chan)品和(he)活動,引領全(quan)社(she)會綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)用能風尚。