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3月1日，國家電網有限公司發布《國家電網公司發布“碳達峰、碳中和”行動方案》。方案指出，能源領域碳排放總量大，是實現碳減排目標的關鍵，電力系統碳減排是能源行業碳減排的重要組成部分，“碳達峰”是基礎前提，“碳中和”是最終目標。要堅持系統觀念、建立平臺思維、加強科技創新、發揮市場作用，政府、社會和能源企業多方共同努力，源網荷儲各環節共同發力，以保障電力系統安全運行、保障能源電力可靠供應、保障電力行業可持續發展為基礎，加快推進能源供給多元化清潔化低碳化、能源消費高效化減量化電氣化。

《方(fang)案》提(ti)出：加快能源(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)創新，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)新能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組涉網性能，加快光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)推(tui)廣應用。提(ti)升靈(ling)活調(diao)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的比重，建設調(diao)峰電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，發(fa)展“新能源(yuan)+儲(chu)能”、光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)系統調(diao)節(jie)能力。

《方案》全文如下：

能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)是經(jing)濟社會發(fa)(fa)展的重(zhong)要物質基礎。改(gai)革開放(fang)(fang)以來，我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)行業快速發(fa)(fa)展，已成為(wei)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)最(zui)大的能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)生產國(guo)、消費國(guo)，有力(li)支撐了經(jing)濟社會發(fa)(fa)展。但是，我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構長(chang)期以煤為(wei)主，油氣對外依存度高，是全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)最(zui)大的碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)(fang)國(guo)家，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)清潔(jie)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)轉型要求緊迫。習近平(ping)總書(shu)記提出(chu)“四個(ge)革命、一個(ge)合(he)作(zuo)”能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)新(xin)戰略，為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展指明(ming)(ming)了方向(xiang)，開辟了中國(guo)特色能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展新(xin)道(dao)路。我(wo)們應(ying)遵循習近平(ping)總書(shu)記生態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)思想，積(ji)極應(ying)對碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)(fang)帶來的全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)氣候變化問題，堅定不移推進綠色發(fa)(fa)展，加快構建清潔(jie)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)、安全(quan)(quan)高效能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系，持續推進碳(tan)(tan)減排，引領全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)化治理(li)行動。

一、國家電網(wang)公司推動能源電力轉型主要(yao)實踐

國家電(dian)網公司牢固(gu)樹立“能源(yuan)轉型、綠(lv)色發(fa)(fa)展”理念，加快(kuai)電(dian)網發(fa)(fa)展，加大技術創新(xin)，推動能源(yuan)電(dian)力從高碳向低(di)碳、從以化(hua)石(shi)能源(yuan)為(wei)主向以清潔能源(yuan)為(wei)主轉變，加快(kuai)形(xing)成(cheng)綠(lv)色生(sheng)產和(he)消費(fei)方式，助力生(sheng)態文(wen)明建(jian)設和(he)可持續發(fa)(fa)展。

全(quan)力(li)推動新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展，促進(jin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供給清(qing)潔(jie)化(hua)。加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設(she)(she)，“十三五(wu)(wu)”電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網投資約2.4萬億(yi)元，建(jian)設(she)(she)堅強智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，保障新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)及時并網和(he)消納(na)。加強輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通道建(jian)設(she)(she)，跨省區輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)達(da)到(dao)2.3億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，輸送清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量比(bi)例43%，實現全(quan)國范圍資源(yuan)優化(hua)配置。加快抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站建(jian)設(she)(she)，“十三五(wu)(wu)”以(yi)來累計開工抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站21座、裝機容量2853萬千(qian)瓦(wa)，在運在建(jian)規模達(da)到(dao)6236萬千(qian)瓦(wa)，提升(sheng)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納(na)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。2020年底，公司經營區清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝機7.1億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，占(zhan)比(bi)42%。其中風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機4.5億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，占(zhan)比(bi)26%，比(bi)2015年提高(gao)14個(ge)百(bai)分點，利(li)用(yong)率(lv)達(da)到(dao)97.1%；21個(ge)省區新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)成為第一、第二大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)；風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量5872億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，減少(shao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)煤消耗2.5億(yi)噸(dun)、減排(pai)二氧化(hua)碳4.5億(yi)噸(dun)。

大(da)力實(shi)施電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)替(ti)代，促(cu)進終(zhong)端(duan)能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)費電(dian)(dian)氣化。全面完(wan)成(cheng)北方(fang)地區“煤改(gai)電(dian)(dian)”任(ren)務(wu)，累計完(wan)成(cheng)1063萬戶，助力打贏(ying)藍天保(bao)衛戰。加快電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)建(jian)設(she)，建(jian)成(cheng)覆(fu)蓋176個(ge)城市的高速(su)公(gong)路快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)，搭建(jian)全球規模最(zui)大(da)的智慧車(che)聯網(wang)平臺，支持(chi)新能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)產業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)。貫徹長江(jiang)經濟帶(dai)發展(zhan)(zhan)戰略，積極推動(dong)長江(jiang)沿線(xian)港(gang)口岸電(dian)(dian)建(jian)設(she)，累計建(jian)成(cheng)岸電(dian)(dian)設(she)施1203套，實(shi)現(xian)長江(jiang)主要港(gang)口岸電(dian)(dian)基(ji)本覆(fu)蓋。在民航(hang)機場、沿海和(he)內陸碼頭大(da)力推廣以電(dian)(dian)代油，在工(gong)業(ye)領域推廣電(dian)(dian)窯爐(lu)、電(dian)(dian)鍋爐(lu)4萬余臺。近年來，累計實(shi)現(xian)替(ti)代電(dian)(dian)量8677億(yi)千瓦時，相(xiang)當于(yu)減少(shao)散燒煤4.8億(yi)噸(dun)、減排二氧(yang)化碳8.7億(yi)噸(dun)，電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)占終(zhong)端(duan)能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)費比(bi)重(zhong)達(da)到27%左右。

加強電力(li)技術(shu)創新(xin)，促進清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用高效化。研發并(bing)全(quan)面掌(zhang)握特高壓核(he)心技術(shu)和(he)全(quan)套設(she)備制造能(neng)(neng)力(li)，實現清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大規(gui)模、遠距離(li)輸(shu)送(song)。建成國家(jia)(jia)(jia)風光儲輸(shu)、張北(bei)柔(rou)直等(deng)工程(cheng)，探索(suo)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)友好接入和(he)綜合利(li)用新(xin)模式。建設(she)“新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)云”平臺，提(ti)供新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納分析(xi)、電源(yuan)(yuan)并(bing)網(wang)、補(bu)貼申(shen)報、交易(yi)結算等(deng)一站式服務(wu)。在新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電廠并(bing)網(wang)與(yu)運(yun)行控制領域，累計完成科研項目800余項，獲(huo)得國家(jia)(jia)(jia)科學技術(shu)獎項12項，主導(dao)制定(ding)國際標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)9項，主導(dao)或重點(dian)參與(yu)制定(ding)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)57項、行業標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)57項，制定(ding)企業標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)80項。

隨著(zhu)(zhu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和新(xin)型(xing)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)(she)備廣泛接(jie)入，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運行特性(xing)發(fa)(fa)生顯著(zhu)(zhu)變化，需要(yao)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)籌研究解(jie)決。一是處理(li)好清潔發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)安全的(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、直流等(deng)大(da)(da)量替代常(chang)(chang)規(gui)機組，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)、分(fen)布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)交互式(shi)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)(she)備廣泛應(ying)用，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)呈現(xian)(xian)高(gao)比(bi)例(li)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、高(gao)比(bi)例(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)“雙高(gao)”特征，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)轉動(dong)慣量持(chi)續下(xia)降，調頻(pin)、調壓能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)不足。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)亟需創(chuang)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和技術(shu)升(sheng)級(ji)。二是處理(li)好清潔發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)保障(zhang)的(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)。風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)具有隨機性(xing)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)力(li)(li)“靠天吃飯”，主要(yao)提(ti)供的(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。近年(nian)來，我(wo)國用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需求呈現(xian)(xian)冬、夏(xia)“雙峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”特征，峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)谷差不斷擴大(da)(da)，北(bei)方地區(qu)冬季(ji)高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)負荷往(wang)往(wang)接(jie)近或超(chao)過(guo)夏(xia)季(ji)高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)保障(zhang)供應(ying)的(de)(de)難(nan)度逐(zhu)年(nian)加大(da)(da)。從運行實際看，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)負荷需要(yao)，主要(yao)依靠的(de)(de)還是常(chang)(chang)規(gui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。在大(da)(da)力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)同時，既要(yao)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)籌好常(chang)(chang)規(gui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，還要(yao)更加注重(zhong)需求側響應(ying)。三(san)是處理(li)好清潔發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)。為(wei)適應(ying)“雙高(gao)”、“雙峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”形勢下(xia)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并(bing)網和消納，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲各環節建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和運營成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)都(dou)要(yao)增(zeng)加。國內(nei)外研究表(biao)明(ming)，隨著(zhu)(zhu)風光等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量占比(bi)的(de)(de)快速提(ti)高(gao)，為(wei)消納新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)付出(chu)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)將會明(ming)顯上(shang)升(sheng)，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)下(xia)降不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)完全實現(xian)(xian)對沖。我(wo)國新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)需求逆(ni)向分(fen)布，西(xi)部北(bei)部地區(qu)集中開發(fa)(fa)、遠距離大(da)(da)規(gui)模輸(shu)送，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)更高(gao)。另外，用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)過(guo)低(di)，不利于(yu)(yu)“能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雙控”和節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗，難(nan)以(yi)支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行業(ye)可(ke)持(chi)續高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，不利于(yu)(yu)國有企業(ye)做(zuo)強做(zuo)優做(zuo)大(da)(da)。隨著(zhu)(zhu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)規(gui)模發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，要(yao)著(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)疏導能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)側成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)上(shang)升(sheng)與(yu)(yu)需求側成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)矛盾(dun)。

面對新能源快(kuai)速發(fa)展的機遇和(he)挑戰，我們要(yao)以更(geng)(geng)大決(jue)(jue)心、更(geng)(geng)強(qiang)力度、更(geng)(geng)實(shi)舉措，通過供(gong)給側結構調整和(he)需求(qiu)側響(xiang)應(ying)“雙側”發(fa)力，解決(jue)(jue)“雙高”、“雙峰”問題，推動(dong)能源清潔低碳安全高效(xiao)利用。

二(er)、能源電力(li)“碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和”路(lu)徑研究

2020年9月22日，習(xi)近平總(zong)(zong)書(shu)記(ji)(ji)在第七十五屆(jie)聯合國大(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)一般性辯論上宣布，中(zhong)(zhong)國將(jiang)采(cai)取更加有力(li)的(de)(de)(de)政策和措施，二(er)氧化(hua)碳排放力(li)爭于2030年前(qian)達(da)到(dao)峰值(zhi)(zhi)，努力(li)爭取2060年前(qian)實現(xian)(xian)碳中(zhong)(zhong)和。12月12日，習(xi)近平總(zong)(zong)書(shu)記(ji)(ji)在氣候雄心(xin)峰會(hui)(hui)上進一步宣布，到(dao)2030年，中(zhong)(zhong)國單(dan)位國內生產總(zong)(zong)值(zhi)(zhi)二(er)氧化(hua)碳排放將(jiang)比2005年下(xia)降(jiang)65%以上，非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源占一次(ci)能(neng)(neng)源消費比重將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)25%左右，風電、太陽能(neng)(neng)發電總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)機容量將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)12億千瓦以上。習(xi)近平總(zong)(zong)書(shu)記(ji)(ji)提出“碳達(da)峰、碳中(zhong)(zhong)和”目(mu)標，是(shi)黨中(zhong)(zhong)央做(zuo)出的(de)(de)(de)重大(da)(da)戰略決策，不(bu)僅是(shi)一個(ge)應對(dui)氣候變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標，更是(shi)一個(ge)經濟社會(hui)(hui)發展的(de)(de)(de)戰略目(mu)標，體(ti)現(xian)(xian)了我國未來發展的(de)(de)(de)價值(zhi)(zhi)方向，對(dui)構建以國內大(da)(da)循(xun)環為主體(ti)、國內國際雙(shuang)循(xun)環相互(hu)促進的(de)(de)(de)新發展格局意義(yi)深遠重大(da)(da)，是(shi)一項重大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)政治任務(wu)。

國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司(si)深(shen)入學習貫徹習近(jin)平(ping)總書記(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)指示和(he)(he)(he)十九屆(jie)五中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全會、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作會議(yi)精神，我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)深(shen)刻認識到(dao)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)構建人(ren)類命(ming)運(yun)共同體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐，樹立了負責任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形象(xiang)，彰顯了大(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)擔當；是(shi)(shi)(shi)推動我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)從(cong)(cong)工(gong)業(ye)文明邁入生態文明的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變，符(fu)合人(ren)類社會發展(zhan)規律(lv)，順應人(ren)民群眾對美(mei)好生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)期盼；是(shi)(shi)(shi)推進(jin)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)社會發展(zhan)動力(li)(li)(li)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)引(yin)擎，推動疫情(qing)后(hou)世界(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)“綠色復蘇”，匯聚起可持(chi)續發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強大(da)合力(li)(li)(li)；是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)舉(ju)措，大(da)幅降低油(you)氣對外(wai)依(yi)存度(du)，提高我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)強烈感(gan)受到(dao)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一項(xiang)復雜艱巨的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統工(gong)程，面(mian)臨諸多嚴峻挑戰。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)”時(shi)間(jian)緊(jin)難度(du)大(da)。歐盟等發達經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放已經(jing)達峰(feng)，從(cong)(cong)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)”到(dao)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)”有50-70年過渡(du)期；我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放量占全球的(de)(de)(de)(de)30%左右，超過美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、歐盟、日本的(de)(de)(de)(de)總和(he)(he)(he)，從(cong)(cong)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)”到(dao)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)”僅有30年時(shi)間(jian)，必須(xu)付出艱苦努力(li)(li)(li)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)統籌碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)減排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)和(he)(he)(he)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)社會發展(zhan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求高。歐美(mei)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)已完成(cheng)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)，經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)與碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放脫鉤；我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)尚(shang)處(chu)于工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)階段(duan)，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)需(xu)求還將持(chi)續攀升(sheng)，經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)與碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放仍存在強耦(ou)合關系，必須(xu)探索一條經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)持(chi)續穩(wen)定增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)情(qing)況下，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)安(an)全可靠供應，又能(neng)(neng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)減排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)務(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)路徑。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)領域任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)重(zhong)(zhong)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)控制碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放。能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)燃燒是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，占全部二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)88%左右，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)行業(ye)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放約占能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行業(ye)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)41%，減排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)很重(zhong)(zhong)。能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費達峰(feng)后(hou)，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)(hua)水平(ping)提高，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)需(xu)求仍將持(chi)續增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)行業(ye)不僅要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)承接交(jiao)通(tong)、建筑(zhu)、工(gong)業(ye)等領域轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消耗(hao)和(he)(he)(he)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對存量化(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行清潔替代，必須(xu)作出更(geng)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)大(da)。推進(jin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清潔低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)，關鍵是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)快發展(zhan)非化(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，尤其風電(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)等新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)95%左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)非化(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)過轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)加(jia)以利用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)網(wang)連(lian)接電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)生產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)消費，是(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡平(ping)臺，是(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)環(huan)節，是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)減排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)樞紐，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)規模開發和(he)(he)(he)高效利用(yong)，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)社會發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)求。電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)面(mian)臨保(bao)(bao)安(an)全、保(bao)(bao)供應、降成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)壓力(li)(li)(li)，同時(shi)自(zi)身節能(neng)(neng)減排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)繁(fan)重(zhong)(zhong)。公司(si)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)勇于擔當、迎難而上，在碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)減排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)工(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發揮重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作用(yong)。

我們反(fan)復深入研究，提出(chu)了能源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)“碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰、碳(tan)(tan)中和”的實(shi)(shi)(shi)施路徑。能源(yuan)領域碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放總量(liang)大(da)，是(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現碳(tan)(tan)減排(pai)目標的關(guan)鍵(jian)，電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統碳(tan)(tan)減排(pai)是(shi)能源(yuan)行業碳(tan)(tan)減排(pai)的重要組成部分，“碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰”是(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)前提，“碳(tan)(tan)中和”是(shi)最終目標。要堅持系(xi)統觀念、建立平(ping)臺思維、加強科技(ji)創新、發揮市場作(zuo)用，政府、社(she)會和能源(yuan)企業多(duo)(duo)方共同努力(li)(li)，源(yuan)網荷儲各(ge)環節(jie)共同發力(li)(li)，以保(bao)障電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統安全運(yun)行、保(bao)障能源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)可靠(kao)供(gong)應、保(bao)障電(dian)力(li)(li)行業可持續發展為基(ji)礎(chu)，加快(kuai)推(tui)進能源(yuan)供(gong)給多(duo)(duo)元化(hua)(hua)清潔化(hua)(hua)低碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)、能源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)高效化(hua)(hua)減量(liang)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)氣化(hua)(hua)。

在能源供給側，構建多元化清潔能源供應體系。一是大力發展清潔能源，最大限度開發利用風電、太陽能發電等新能源，堅持集中開發與分布式并舉，積極推動海上風電開發；大力發展水電，加快推進西南水電開發；安全高效推進沿海核電建設。二是加快煤電靈活性改造，優化煤電功能定位，科學設定煤電達峰目標。煤電充分發揮保供作用，更多承擔系統調節功能，由電量供應主體向電力供應主體轉變，提升電力系統應急備用和調峰能力。三是加強系統調節能力建設，大力推進抽水蓄能電站和調峰氣電建設，推廣應用大規模儲能裝置，提高系統調節能力。四是加快能源技術創新，提高新能源發電機組涉網性能，加快光熱發電技術推廣應用。推進大容量(liang)高電壓風電機組、光伏逆變器(qi)創新(xin)突(tu)破，加快(kuai)大容量(liang)、高密(mi)度、高安全(quan)、低(di)成本儲能裝置研(yan)制。推動氫(qing)能利(li)用(yong)，碳捕集(ji)、利(li)用(yong)和封(feng)存等技術研(yan)發，加快(kuai)C02資(zi)源再利(li)用(yong)。預計2025、2030年，非化(hua)石能源占一次(ci)能源消費比重將達(da)到20%、25%左(zuo)右。

在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)(fei)側，全面推進電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)和節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)效。一是(shi)強化(hua)(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗雙控(kong)，堅持節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)優先，把(ba)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)指標納(na)入(ru)生(sheng)態文明、綠色發展等(deng)績(ji)效評價體(ti)系，合(he)理控(kong)制能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)(fei)總量，重(zhong)點(dian)控(kong)制化(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)(fei)。二是(shi)加強能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效管(guan)理，加快(kuai)冶金(jin)、化(hua)(hua)工等(deng)高(gao)耗能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉型，提(ti)高(gao)建(jian)筑節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標準。以(yi)電(dian)(dian)為中心(xin)，推動風光水火儲多能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)融(rong)合(he)互補(bu)、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)冷熱多元聚合(he)互動，提(ti)高(gao)整(zheng)體(ti)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效。三是(shi)加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替代，支持“以(yi)電(dian)(dian)代煤”、“以(yi)電(dian)(dian)代油”，加快(kuai)工業(ye)、建(jian)筑、交通等(deng)重(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替代，持續推進鄉(xiang)村電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)，推動電(dian)(dian)制氫技術應用(yong)(yong)。四(si)是(shi)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)需求(qiu)側響應潛力(li)，構建(jian)可(ke)中斷、可(ke)調節多元負(fu)荷資源(yuan)，完(wan)善相(xiang)關政策和價格(ge)機制，引導各(ge)類電(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)調峰資源(yuan)，主(zhu)動參與需求(qiu)響應。預(yu)計2025、2030年，電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)占終端能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)(fei)比重(zhong)將達到30%、35%以(yi)上。

黨的十八(ba)大以來(lai)，我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力轉(zhuan)型取得顯著成就。在此基礎(chu)上，加(jia)快(kuai)構建能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力綠(lv)色(se)供給體(ti)系(xi)，持續提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)(fei)比(bi)重，穩步(bu)提(ti)(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用效率，加(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)進科技進步(bu)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力有望(wang)提(ti)(ti)前實現(xian)“碳達峰”。加(jia)快(kuai)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)替代化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，減少(shao)化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)(fei)總(zong)量，開展大規模(mo)國土綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)行動，全面(mian)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)生態系(xi)統碳匯能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，通(tong)過碳捕集、利用和封存技術(shu)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力有望(wang)盡早實現(xian)“碳中和”。

三、國家電(dian)網公司(si)行動方案

國家電(dian)網(wang)公司將充分發揮(hui)“大國重器”和“頂梁柱”作(zuo)用，自(zi)覺肩負起(qi)歷史使命(ming)，加強組織、明(ming)確責任(ren)、主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)為，建設(she)安(an)全高效、綠色(se)(se)智(zhi)能(neng)、互聯互通、共享互濟(ji)的堅強智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)，加快電(dian)網(wang)向能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互聯網(wang)升(sheng)級，爭(zheng)排頭(tou)、做表率，為實(shi)現(xian)(xian)“碳(tan)達峰、碳(tan)中和”目標作(zuo)出國網(wang)貢獻(xian)。當好“引領(ling)者”，充分發揮(hui)電(dian)網(wang)“橋(qiao)梁”和“紐帶”作(zuo)用，帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)產業(ye)(ye)鏈、供應鏈上下游(you)，加快能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)產清(qing)潔(jie)化(hua)、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費電(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利用高效化(hua)，推進能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力行(xing)業(ye)(ye)盡早(zao)以(yi)較低峰值達峰；當好“推動(dong)(dong)(dong)者”，促進技(ji)術創(chuang)新、政策創(chuang)新、機制創(chuang)新、模式創(chuang)新，引導(dao)綠色(se)(se)低碳(tan)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活(huo)方式，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)全社(she)會盡快實(shi)現(xian)(xian)“碳(tan)中和”；當好“先(xian)行(xing)者”，系統梳理輸配電(dian)各環(huan)節(jie)、生(sheng)產辦公全領(ling)域(yu)節(jie)能(neng)減排清(qing)單，深入挖掘節(jie)能(neng)減排潛力，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)企業(ye)(ye)碳(tan)排放率先(xian)達峰。

(一)推動電網向能源(yuan)互聯(lian)網升級，著力打造清潔能源(yuan)優化(hua)配置平臺

1、加快構(gou)(gou)建堅強智能(neng)(neng)電網(wang)。推進各級(ji)電網(wang)協調發展，支(zhi)持新能(neng)(neng)源優(you)先就地就近并(bing)網(wang)消納(na)。在(zai)送端，完(wan)善(shan)西北(bei)(bei)、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)主(zhu)網(wang)架(jia)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，加快構(gou)(gou)建川渝特(te)高(gao)壓交流主(zhu)網(wang)架(jia)，支(zhi)撐(cheng)跨區直流安全高(gao)效運行。在(zai)受端，擴展和完(wan)善(shan)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)、華(hua)東(dong)特(te)高(gao)壓交流主(zhu)網(wang)架(jia)，加快建設華(hua)中(zhong)特(te)高(gao)壓骨干網(wang)架(jia)，構(gou)(gou)建水火風光資源優(you)化(hua)配置平臺，提高(gao)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源接納(na)能(neng)(neng)力。

2、加大跨區輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)力(li)度。將(jiang)持續提升已建(jian)(jian)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道(dao)利(li)用效率，作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)發展(zhan)主要內容和(he)重(zhong)點任務。“十(shi)(shi)四五”期間，推動(dong)配套(tao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)加快建(jian)(jian)設，完(wan)善送(song)(song)受端網(wang)架，推動(dong)建(jian)(jian)立跨省區輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)長效機制，已建(jian)(jian)通(tong)道(dao)逐步實現滿送(song)(song)，提升輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)3527萬千(qian)(qian)瓦。優化(hua)送(song)(song)端配套(tao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)結構(gou)，提高(gao)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)比重(zhong)。新(xin)(xin)增跨區輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道(dao)以輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主，“十(shi)(shi)四五”規劃建(jian)(jian)成7回特(te)高(gao)壓直流，新(xin)(xin)增輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)5600萬千(qian)(qian)瓦。到2025年，公司經營區跨省跨區輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)達到3.0億千(qian)(qian)瓦，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)占(zhan)比達到50%。

3、保障清(qing)潔能源及(ji)時同步并(bing)網(wang)。開辟(pi)風電(dian)(dian)、太陽能發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)新能源配(pei)套電(dian)(dian)網(wang)工程建(jian)設“綠色通(tong)道”，確保電(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)源同步投(tou)產。加快水(shui)電(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)并(bing)網(wang)和(he)送(song)出(chu)工程建(jian)設，支(zhi)持四川等(deng)地區水(shui)電(dian)(dian)開發(fa)(fa)，超前研究西藏水(shui)電(dian)(dian)開發(fa)(fa)外送(song)方案。到2030年，公司經(jing)營區風電(dian)(dian)、太陽能發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)總裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量將達到10億千瓦以上，水(shui)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)達到2.8億千瓦，核電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)達到8000萬千瓦。

4、支持分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)和(he)微電網(wang)(wang)發展。為分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)提供一站式(shi)(shi)全流程(cheng)免費(fei)服(fu)務。加強配電網(wang)(wang)互聯互通(tong)和(he)智能控(kong)制，滿足分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)清潔(jie)能源(yuan)并網(wang)(wang)和(he)多元(yuan)負(fu)荷用(yong)電需要。做(zuo)好并網(wang)(wang)型(xing)微電網(wang)(wang)接入服(fu)務，發揮微電網(wang)(wang)就(jiu)地消納(na)分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)、集成優化供需資源(yuan)作用(yong)。到2025年，公司經營(ying)區(qu)分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)光伏達到1.8億千瓦。

5、加(jia)快電網向(xiang)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)聯網升級(ji)。加(jia)強“大云物移智鏈”等技術在能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力領域的(de)融合創新和應用，促(cu)進(jin)各類能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)通互(hu)(hu)濟，源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網荷(he)儲協調互(hu)(hu)動，支撐新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電、多元化儲能(neng)(neng)、新型負(fu)荷(he)大規模友好接入。加(jia)快信息采(cai)集、感(gan)知、處理、應用等環節(jie)建設，推進(jin)各能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)品種的(de)數據共享和價值挖掘。到2025年，初(chu)步建成(cheng)國際領先的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)聯網。

(二)推動網源協調發展和調度交易(yi)機制優化，著力做好清潔能源并(bing)網消納

6、持續(xu)提(ti)升(sheng)系統(tong)調(diao)節能(neng)力。加快(kuai)已開工(gong)的4163萬千(qian)瓦抽(chou)(chou)水蓄能(neng)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)設(she)。“十(shi)四(si)五”期(qi)間(jian)，加大抽(chou)(chou)水蓄能(neng)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)規(gui)劃(hua)選點和前期(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)，再(zai)安排開工(gong)建(jian)設(she)一批項目，到2025年，公司經營區(qu)抽(chou)(chou)水蓄能(neng)裝(zhuang)機超過5000萬千(qian)瓦。積(ji)極(ji)支持煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)靈活性改造，盡可能(neng)減少煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量，推(tui)動電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)消費盡快(kuai)達峰(feng)。支持調(diao)峰(feng)氣電(dian)(dian)建(jian)設(she)和儲能(neng)規(gui)模化應用。積(ji)極(ji)推(tui)動發展“光伏+儲能(neng)”，提(ti)高分布(bu)式電(dian)(dian)源利用效率。

7、優(you)化電網(wang)調(diao)度運行(xing)。加(jia)(jia)強電網(wang)統一調(diao)度，統籌送受端調(diao)峰資源(yuan)，完善省間互(hu)濟和旋轉(zhuan)備用共享機制，促進清(qing)潔能源(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)多級(ji)調(diao)度協(xie)同快速響(xiang)應。加(jia)(jia)強跨區域、跨流域風(feng)光水火(huo)聯合運行(xing)，提升清(qing)潔能源(yuan)功(gong)率預測精度，統籌全(quan)網(wang)開(kai)機，優(you)先調(diao)度清(qing)潔能源(yuan)，確保(bao)能發(fa)盡發(fa)、能用盡用。

8、發揮市場作用擴展消(xiao)納空間(jian)。加快構建促進新(xin)(xin)能源消(xiao)納的市場機制，深化省(sheng)(sheng)級電(dian)力現貨市場建設，采用靈(ling)活價格(ge)機制促進清潔能源參與現貨交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)。完(wan)善(shan)以中(zhong)長期交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)為主(zhu)、現貨交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)為補充的省(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)體(ti)系(xi)，積極開展風光水火(huo)打捆外送(song)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)、發電(dian)權交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)、新(xin)(xin)能源優先(xian)替代等多種交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)方(fang)式，擴大新(xin)(xin)能源跨區跨省(sheng)(sheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)規(gui)模(mo)。

(三)推(tui)動全社會(hui)節能提效，著(zhu)力(li)提高(gao)終端(duan)消費電氣化水平

9、拓展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)替(ti)代(dai)廣度(du)深(shen)度(du)。推(tui)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)、港口岸電(dian)(dian)(dian)、純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)船、公(gong)路和(he)鐵(tie)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化發展(zhan)。深(shen)挖工業生產窯爐、鍋爐替(ti)代(dai)潛力。推(tui)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)供冷熱，實(shi)現綠色建筑電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)替(ti)代(dai)。加快鄉村電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化提升工程建設，推(tui)進清潔(jie)取暖“煤改(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)”。積極參(can)與(yu)用能(neng)標準(zhun)建設，推(tui)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)替(ti)代(dai)技術發展(zhan)和(he)應用。“十四五”期間，公(gong)司經營(ying)區替(ti)代(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量達到6000億千瓦時(shi)。

10、積極推動綜(zong)合(he)能源(yuan)服務(wu)(wu)。以工業園區、大型(xing)公(gong)共(gong)建(jian)筑等為重點，積極拓(tuo)展用(yong)(yong)能診(zhen)斷、能效(xiao)提升(sheng)、多能供應等綜(zong)合(he)能源(yuan)服務(wu)(wu)，助力(li)提升(sheng)全(quan)社會終端用(yong)(yong)能效(xiao)率。建(jian)設(she)線(xian)上線(xian)下一體化客戶服務(wu)(wu)平臺(tai)，及時向(xiang)用(yong)(yong)戶發(fa)布用(yong)(yong)能信息，引(yin)導用(yong)(yong)戶主動節約用(yong)(yong)能。推動智慧能源(yuan)系(xi)統建(jian)設(she)，挖掘用(yong)(yong)戶側(ce)資源(yuan)參與(yu)需求側(ce)響應的潛力(li)。

11、助力國家碳(tan)(tan)市場(chang)(chang)運作。加(jia)強發電(dian)、用電(dian)、跨省區送電(dian)等大數據建(jian)設，支撐全國碳(tan)(tan)市場(chang)(chang)政(zheng)策研(yan)究、配額測算等工(gong)作。圍繞(rao)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)替代、抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)、綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)服務等，加(jia)強碳(tan)(tan)減(jian)排方法(fa)研(yan)究，為(wei)產業(ye)鏈上(shang)下(xia)游提供碳(tan)(tan)減(jian)排服務，從供給(gei)和需求雙側(ce)發力，通過市場(chang)(chang)手(shou)段統籌能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力發展和節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)碳(tan)(tan)目標實現。

(四(si))推動公司節能減排加快實(shi)施，著(zhu)力降低自身碳(tan)排放水平

12、全(quan)面實施(shi)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)管理。優(you)化(hua)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)結構，推廣節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)導(dao)線和(he)變壓(ya)器，強化(hua)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)調度，提高(gao)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)水平(ping)。加強電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)規劃(hua)設(she)計、建設(she)運(yun)行(xing)、運(yun)維檢修各(ge)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)綠(lv)色低碳技術研發，實現全(quan)過程節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)、節(jie)(jie)水、節(jie)(jie)材、節(jie)(jie)地和(he)環(huan)境(jing)保護。加強六氟化(hua)硫氣體回(hui)收處(chu)理、循(xun)環(huan)再利用和(he)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)廢(fei)棄物(wu)環(huan)境(jing)無害化(hua)處(chu)置，保護生態環(huan)境(jing)。

13、強化(hua)公司辦公節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減排。強化(hua)建筑(zhu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)，推進現有(you)建筑(zhu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)改造和新建建筑(zhu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)設計，推廣(guang)采用(yong)(yong)高效節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)設備，充分利(li)用(yong)(yong)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源解(jie)決用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)需求(qiu)。積極采用(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)環(huan)保汽車和新能(neng)(neng)源汽車，促進交通用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)清潔(jie)化(hua)，減少(shao)用(yong)(yong)油(you)能(neng)(neng)耗。

14、提升公(gong)司碳(tan)(tan)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理能力(li)。積極參(can)與(yu)全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)市場(chang)建設，充(chong)分挖(wa)掘碳(tan)(tan)減排(CCER)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)，建立健全(quan)公(gong)司碳(tan)(tan)排放管(guan)理體系(xi)，發(fa)揮公(gong)司產(chan)(chan)科研用一體化優勢(shi)，培育碳(tan)(tan)市場(chang)新興業務，構建綠色低碳(tan)(tan)品牌，形成(cheng)共贏發(fa)展的專業支撐體系(xi)。

(五)推動(dong)能(neng)源(yuan)電力技術創(chuang)新，著力提升運行安全和效率水平

15、統(tong)籌開(kai)展(zhan)重大科技攻關。圍繞“碳(tan)達峰(feng)、碳(tan)中(zhong)和”目標，加(jia)快實施“新跨(kua)越行(xing)動計劃(hua)”，同步(bu)推進(jin)基(ji)礎理論和技術(shu)(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)創新。針對電力系統(tong)“雙高(gao)”、“雙峰(feng)”特(te)(te)點，加(jia)快電力系統(tong)構建和安全穩定運行(xing)控制(zhi)等技術(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)，加(jia)快以輸送(song)新能源(yuan)為主(zhu)的特(te)(te)高(gao)壓輸電、柔性直流(liu)輸電等技術(shu)(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)，推進(jin)虛擬電廠、新能源(yuan)主(zhu)動支(zhi)撐等技術(shu)(shu)進(jin)步(bu)和應用，研(yan)(yan)究推廣有源(yuan)配電網、分(fen)布式能源(yuan)、終端能效(xiao)提升和能源(yuan)綜合利(li)用等技術(shu)(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)研(yan)(yan)制(zhi)，推進(jin)科技示范工程建設。

16、打造能源(yuan)數(shu)字經濟平(ping)臺。深化應用“新能源(yuan)云”等(deng)平(ping)臺，全(quan)(quan)面接入煤、油、氣、電等(deng)能源(yuan)數(shu)據，匯聚能源(yuan)全(quan)(quan)產業鏈信息(xi)，支持碳資(zi)產管理(li)、碳交易、綠證交易、綠色金融等(deng)新業務(wu)，推動能源(yuan)領域數(shu)字經濟發(fa)展，服(fu)務(wu)國家智慧能源(yuan)體系構建。

(六)推動深化國際交流合作，著力(li)集聚能源綠色轉(zhuan)型(xing)最大合力(li)

17、深化國際合(he)作(zuo)與宣(xuan)傳引導。高水平舉辦(ban)能源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)國際論(lun)壇，打造能源(yuan)“達(da)沃(wo)斯”，加強(qiang)國際交流合(he)作(zuo)，倡(chang)導能源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)、綠色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)理(li)念(nian)，推(tui)動(dong)構建(jian)人(ren)類命運共同體(ti)。全(quan)面踐行(xing)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)理(li)念(nian)，深入推(tui)進可(ke)持(chi)續性管理(li)，融入全(quan)球(qiu)話語體(ti)系，努力形成企(qi)業推(tui)動(dong)綠色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)國際引領。加強(qiang)信(xin)息公開和(he)對外宣(xuan)傳，積極與政府(fu)機構、行(xing)業企(qi)業、科研院所研討交流，開門(men)問策、集思廣益(yi)，匯聚起推(tui)動(dong)能源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)的(de)強(qiang)大合(he)力。

18、強化(hua)工作(zuo)組織落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)責任。建立健全工作(zuo)機制(zhi)，成立公司“碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰、碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和”領導小組，統籌推(tui)進(jin)各(ge)項工作(zuo)，協調(diao)解決重大(da)問題(ti)。各(ge)部門、各(ge)機構、各(ge)單位細化(hua)分(fen)解工作(zuo)任務，落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)責任分(fen)工，扎實(shi)(shi)有(you)效推(tui)進(jin)各(ge)項工作(zuo)。科(ke)研單位集中(zhong)骨干力量，加(jia)大(da)科(ke)技(ji)攻關力度，解決發展“瓶頸”問題(ti)。

實現“碳達峰(feng)、碳中(zhong)和(he)”，事關經濟社會發展全局和(he)長期戰略，需(xu)要(yao)全社會各(ge)行(xing)業共同努力。要(yao)按照(zhao)全國一盤棋(qi)，統籌好(hao)發展與安(an)全、政(zheng)(zheng)府與市場(chang)、保供與節(jie)能、成(cheng)本與價格，研究制定政(zheng)(zheng)府主導、政(zheng)(zheng)策引導、市場(chang)調節(jie)、企(qi)業率先、全社會共同參與的國家(jia)行(xing)動方案，整體實施、持續推進。

(一)做好頂層設計(ji)，加強政策引導

1、統籌制定總(zong)體(ti)方案(an)(an)和具體(ti)措施。出臺國家行動方案(an)(an)，明確(que)“碳達峰”峰值、“碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和”實施路(lu)(lu)徑、時間表和路(lu)(lu)線圖。將主要指標分解(jie)到各行業(ye)、各地(di)(di)區，結合經濟發展需求和承受(shou)能力(li)，提出重點(dian)行業(ye)、重點(dian)地(di)(di)區梯次(ci)達峰方案(an)(an)，積(ji)極穩妥推進各項工作。

2、堅持(chi)和完善能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源雙(shuang)控(kong)(kong)制度(du)。健(jian)全(quan)(quan)雙(shuang)控(kong)(kong)管理措施，合理控(kong)(kong)制能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源消費總量，嚴格控(kong)(kong)制能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗強度(du)，重點控(kong)(kong)制化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源消費。制定需(xu)求側響(xiang)應政策措施，引(yin)導全(quan)(quan)社會全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程綠色低(di)碳生(sheng)產生(sheng)活行為。完善可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源消納保(bao)障機制，所有用(yong)戶公平承擔消納責任。

3、加強(qiang)能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)統一(yi)規劃。發揚我(wo)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統安全(quan)運(yun)行(xing)經(jing)驗(yan)優勢(shi)，堅持(chi)電(dian)(dian)網“統一(yi)規劃、統一(yi)調(diao)度、統一(yi)管理”體制優勢(shi)，充分發揮(hui)大電(dian)(dian)網資源(yuan)優化配置平臺作(zuo)用，實現源(yuan)網荷(he)協(xie)同聯動(dong)、有效銜(xian)接(jie)。將電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統全(quan)環節(jie)促進能源(yuan)轉型(xing)的(de)重大舉措(cuo)、重點(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)納入(ru)國(guo)家規劃，統籌協(xie)調(diao)、加快落地實施。

4、完(wan)善市場機(ji)制(zhi)和價格財(cai)稅政策。建設全(quan)(quan)國統(tong)一電(dian)力(li)(li)市場，健全(quan)(quan)能(neng)源電(dian)力(li)(li)價格合(he)理(li)形(xing)成和成本疏導機(ji)制(zhi)。健全(quan)(quan)輔助(zhu)服務市場交易機(ji)制(zhi)，引導火(huo)電(dian)機(ji)組主(zhu)動參與系(xi)統(tong)調節(jie)。完(wan)善抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)電(dian)價形(xing)成和容量(liang)電(dian)費分攤機(ji)制(zhi)，建立儲能(neng)電(dian)站投資回報機(ji)制(zhi)。通過(guo)價格機(ji)制(zhi)，調動用戶節(jie)能(neng)降耗和參與需求側(ce)響應的積極(ji)性。

5、推動(dong)碳(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)和(he)電力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)協(xie)同發(fa)展(zhan)。基于電力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化改革成(cheng)果，加快(kuai)全國碳(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設(she)，全面實行碳(tan)(tan)排放權市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化交易(yi)。充(chong)分考慮碳(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)對于電力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)影響，將電能(neng)(neng)(neng)價格與碳(tan)(tan)排放成(cheng)本有(you)機結(jie)合，發(fa)揮兩個市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)相(xiang)互促進(jin)、協(xie)同互補(bu)作用，提高清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)競爭力(li)，由用能(neng)(neng)(neng)企(qi)業承擔碳(tan)(tan)排放成(cheng)本，更好推動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源清潔低碳(tan)(tan)轉型。

6、支持低(di)碳技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新。設立專項科研(yan)基金(jin)，支持能源(yuan)電力技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新。支持科研(yan)團隊建(jian)設，培(pei)育專家人才。鼓勵各類資本(ben)進入低(di)碳技(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)發領域。

7、加強監督檢查。建(jian)立工作考核機制，制定監管措施和核查制度，協(xie)調推進各項工作措施落到實處(chu)。

(二(er))行業發揮實施主體(ti)作用，推動國家(jia)方案(an)落地

1、發電企業大力發展清潔能源，加快實施煤電靈活性改造，淘汰不達標落后煤電機組。提升靈活調節電源的比重，建設調峰電源，發展“新能源+儲能”、光熱發電，提高系統調節能力。加快碳捕捉、封(feng)存和(he)二次利用技術進步，力(li)爭(zheng)盡早實現零碳排(pai)放。

2、用電企業(ye)主動響應電力(li)系統需(xu)求，及時調整用電行(xing)為和用電模式，積極消納清潔能(neng)源。工業(ye)企業(ye)加快推進綠色改造，強化余(yu)熱、余(yu)氣、余(yu)壓(ya)重復(fu)利用，降(jiang)低(di)能(neng)耗、提高能(neng)效。

3、相關行業(ye)加(jia)大電能(neng)替代力度，提升電氣化(hua)水平。加(jia)強自主創新，開發應用低碳(tan)節能(neng)技術(shu)和商業(ye)模式，推廣綠色(se)交通、綠色(se)建筑，加(jia)快構建綠色(se)低碳(tan)循環發展經濟體系。

(三)社會民眾自覺(jue)行(xing)動，形(xing)成綠(lv)色低碳生產生活(huo)方式

1、堅持綠水青山(shan)(shan)(shan)就(jiu)是金山(shan)(shan)(shan)銀山(shan)(shan)(shan)理(li)念(nian)，積極響應開(kai)展國土綠化行動，不斷增(zeng)加(jia)森林(lin)面積和蓄(xu)積量，加(jia)快山(shan)(shan)(shan)水林(lin)田湖草(cao)系統(tong)(tong)治理(li)，增(zeng)強自然生(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)固碳能力。

2、自覺開展綠色(se)生活創建活動，倡導簡約適(shi)度、綠色(se)低碳生產(chan)生活方式，培(pei)育綠色(se)、健(jian)康、安(an)全消費習慣。

3、大力推廣使(shi)用節能環保產品，提高用能水(shui)平(ping)和(he)效率。