智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)是對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)未來發(fa)展(zhan)形(xing)態(tai)的探索和實踐,需(xu)順應能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢和能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革命要求,全(quan)面加快新形(xing)勢智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設,實現能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的高質量發(fa)展(zhan)。發(fa)展(zhan)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)應聚焦電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)的本質安全(quan)、整體效率、公(gong)共事業屬(shu)性,充(chong)分發(fa)揮其作為產業平臺的優勢。同時,推(tui)進智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設需(xu)要政府、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業及全(quan)社會共同參(can)與、統(tong)籌協調(diao)、形(xing)成合(he)力。
新中國成(cheng)立以來,我(wo)國電力(li)(li)工業經(jing)歷(li)了由小(xiao)到大、由弱變強、從落后走向先(xian)進(jin)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展歷(li)程,奠定(ding)了堅實(shi)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展基礎。1949-2019年,我(wo)國全社會(hui)用電量(liang)達(da)到7.2萬億(yi)千(qian)瓦時,增長超過1900倍;全國發(fa)(fa)電裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)達(da)到20億(yi)千(qian)瓦,增長超過1000倍;電網規(gui)模迅猛發(fa)(fa)展,35kV及以上輸電線路(lu)長度達(da)到190萬千(qian)米、變電容量(liang)達(da)到70億(yi)千(qian)伏(fu)安,電壓等級已達(da)到1100千(qian)伏(fu)的(de)世界最高(gao)水平。電力(li)(li)工業的(de)巨大發(fa)(fa)展成(cheng)就,為我(wo)國經(jing)濟社會(hui)的(de)高(gao)速發(fa)(fa)展提供(gong)了堅實(shi)的(de)電力(li)(li)供(gong)應保障。
十九大后,中國(guo)特(te)色社(she)會主義進入(ru)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時代(dai),我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經濟由(you)高速增長階段(duan)轉(zhuan)向高質量發展階段(duan)。在能源轉(zhuan)型的總體趨(qu)勢(shi)和日益復雜(za)的國(guo)際形(xing)勢(shi)下,面對新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時代(dai)的新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)勢(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)要求、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一輪科(ke)技(ji)革命和產業(ye)變革的新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)機遇,我(wo)(wo)國(guo)電(dian)力工業(ye)發展呈現新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)特(te)征、孵(fu)化新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)態、涌(yong)現新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)態。傳統電(dian)力系(xi)統在信(xin)息化、自動化、互動化的驅動下,通(tong)過集成(cheng)先進技(ji)術(shu)應用,逐(zhu)步形(xing)成(cheng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一代(dai)電(dian)力系(xi)統——智能電(dian)網。
在此基礎上(shang),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力行業不斷演化(hua)升級,數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)、物(wu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)及5G等新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術突(tu)破催生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)力物(wu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang);電(dian)(dian)網(wang)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)水平(ping)提升帶動多種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優化(hua)互(hu)補,促進(jin)綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、智(zhi)(zhi)慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan);“互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)+”理念衍(yan)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)等發展(zhan)新(xin)(xin)形態(tai)。新(xin)(xin)時代(dai)背(bei)景下,智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)在現代(dai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)中(zhong)的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)定位更加重要,需順應能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型發展(zhan)趨勢(shi)和能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)命(ming)要求(qiu),全面(mian)加快新(xin)(xin)形勢(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設,實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力的(de)高(gao)質(zhi)量發展(zhan)。
能源電力轉型對電網發展提出新要求
進(jin)(jin)入(ru)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)文明以來,化石(shi)能(neng)源的(de)使(shi)用(yong)大大促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了人(ren)類文明的(de)發展進(jin)(jin)程(cheng),但同時也(ye)帶(dai)來了資源枯竭(jie)、環境污染、氣候(hou)變(bian)化、能(neng)源安(an)全等現(xian)(xian)實問題。在全球新一輪(lun)科技革命和(he)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)變(bian)革中,互聯網(wang)(wang)理念、先進(jin)(jin)信息技術與能(neng)源產業(ye)(ye)(ye)深度融合(he),也(ye)對能(neng)源行業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型發展產生了深遠的(de)影(ying)響。進(jin)(jin)入(ru)新時代(dai)(dai),我國積極推進(jin)(jin)能(neng)源轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型與能(neng)源革命,著(zhu)力構建清潔低碳、安(an)全高(gao)效的(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)能(neng)源體系,對電網(wang)(wang)發展提(ti)出了新要(yao)求(qiu)。
電(dian)力(li)消費增(zeng)長仍(reng)具潛力(li),電(dian)氣(qi)化水(shui)平持續提(ti)升(sheng),電(dian)網(wang)發(fa)(fa)展需(xu)(xu)規模與質(zhi)量并重。新時代要(yao)處理好人民(min)日益(yi)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)美好生活需(xu)(xu)要(yao)和不平衡(heng)不充分發(fa)(fa)展之間的(de)(de)矛盾,需(xu)(xu)要(yao)繼(ji)續堅持經濟的(de)(de)高質(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展。對比(bi)世界發(fa)(fa)達國家發(fa)(fa)展水(shui)平,我國未(wei)來用電(dian)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)增(zeng)長仍(reng)有(you)較(jiao)大潛力(li)。隨著我國經濟結構調整(zheng)的(de)(de)深化和終(zhong)端能源消費的(de)(de)升(sheng)級,電(dian)氣(qi)化水(shui)平將(jiang)持續提(ti)升(sheng)。電(dian)網(wang)規模尤其是中低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設仍(reng)將(jiang)持續擴(kuo)大,電(dian)力(li)供應(ying)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性及供電(dian)質(zhi)量需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)也將(jiang)進一步(bu)提(ti)升(sheng)。
新(xin)時代電(dian)(dian)力安全(quan)(quan)保(bao)障及綠色(se)發(fa)展對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網提出(chu)更(geng)高(gao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。在(zai)(zai)新(xin)時代國家總(zong)體安全(quan)(quan)觀的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)下,能源電(dian)(dian)力供(gong)應安全(quan)(quan)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)逐步凸顯(xian),電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)穩(wen)定運行對(dui)于保(bao)障國民經濟平穩(wen)發(fa)展發(fa)揮著關鍵作用(yong)。可再生能源比例持(chi)續提升,更(geng)大(da)范圍(wei)、更(geng)大(da)規模的(de)交(jiao)直流混聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)網建設都(dou)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)同程度地影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)網的(de)運行特性(xing),電(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)化改革的(de)深(shen)入推(tui)進也會產(chan)生更(geng)為復雜多樣的(de)系(xi)統(tong)運行方式(shi),這些都(dou)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)安全(quan)(quan)運行和(he)管理(li)水平提出(chu)了更(geng)高(gao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。
智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)是對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)未來發展(zhan)形(xing)態(tai)的(de)探索和實(shi)踐。近年來,“數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)”“堅強智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)”“泛在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)物聯網(wang)”“能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源互聯網(wang)”等(deng)新概念層出不(bu)(bu)窮,但其實(shi)質都是對(dui)新需求下電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)發展(zhan)形(xing)態(tai)的(de)探索和嘗(chang)試,發展(zhan)目標一致(zhi),只是在(zai)表述(shu)上(shang)各(ge)有側(ce)重(zhong)。我國早在(zai)2015年就發布了《關于(yu)促(cu)進智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)發展(zhan)的(de)指(zhi)導意見》,明確(que)大力(li)(li)推進智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設。在(zai)不(bu)(bu)斷實(shi)踐的(de)過程中也(ye)逐步(bu)發現,發展(zhan)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)不(bu)(bu)應(ying)僅局限(xian)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)、信息化(hua)等(deng)范疇,而應(ying)從未來能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源發展(zhan)的(de)高度(du)著(zhu)眼,統籌研判電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)發展(zhan)方(fang)向和路線;在(zai)建設過程中,既(ji)要百花(hua)齊放,也(ye)要重(zhong)點突出,聚焦(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)發展(zhan)的(de)中心(xin)定(ding)位,著(zhu)力(li)(li)解決核心(xin)問題。
加快智能電網發展要把握四個要點
智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)建設是一項復雜的(de)(de)系統性工程(cheng),涵蓋電(dian)力系統的(de)(de)全(quan)環節、全(quan)領域(yu),對(dui)能(neng)(neng)源行業發(fa)展、城(cheng)市(shi)轉(zhuan)型升級及經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展都起著舉(ju)足輕重的(de)(de)作用。發(fa)展智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)應立足長遠、高點站位,從我國新時代(dai)高質量發(fa)展全(quan)局出發(fa),研判未來(lai)能(neng)(neng)源電(dian)力行業發(fa)展趨勢(shi),準確把握我國電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)發(fa)展方向和演(yan)進(jin)(jin)路線,加快推進(jin)(jin)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)建設。
聚焦電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統的本質(zhi)安(an)(an)全(quan),提(ti)高駕馭(yu)復雜大電(dian)(dian)網運(yun)行調控(kong)水(shui)平。國(guo)家總體安(an)(an)全(quan)觀對大電(dian)(dian)網安(an)(an)全(quan)提(ti)出了新(xin)要求(qiu)(qiu),高質(zhi)量發展新(xin)形態(tai)催生了負荷側新(xin)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu),大電(dian)(dian)網安(an)(an)全(quan)與用(yong)戶供電(dian)(dian)質(zhi)量是不可分割的兩個方面。
隨著(zhu)西(xi)電東送發(fa)展和可再生能源(yuan)大(da)(da)規模開發(fa),復(fu)雜大(da)(da)電網(wang)(wang)對(dui)系統安全穩(wen)定運行帶來了挑戰,持續提升電網(wang)(wang)調(diao)度(du)控制水平應是智能電網(wang)(wang)發(fa)展的重中之(zhi)重。電網(wang)(wang)調(diao)度(du)控制技(ji)術的發(fa)展趨勢應貫(guan)穿發(fa)輸配用全環節,實現全過程、一體化,不(bu)宜人為(wei)地將主網(wang)(wang)側與(yu)配用電側割裂;同(tong)時(shi),還需考慮(lv)人工智能、大(da)(da)數據、云計算、區塊鏈等新技(ji)術的融合創新,推動電網(wang)(wang)調(diao)控技(ji)術迭代升級(ji)。
聚焦電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)的(de)整(zheng)體效率,提升電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)資產運(yun)(yun)營及(ji)管(guan)理水(shui)平(ping)。新時代電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)目標在于實(shi)現從規模(mo)擴張到(dao)效益(yi)提升的(de)轉變(bian),將(jiang)改變(bian)傳(chuan)統(tong)粗放式(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)式(shi),推動電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)技術(shu)變(bian)革和(he)管(guan)理理念革新。應用云大物移智等新技術(shu),提高電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)設(she)備、運(yun)(yun)行、管(guan)理等全環節的(de)感知與控(kong)制能(neng)力(li);注重底層(ceng)設(she)施的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)模(mo)型及(ji)標準建設(she),提升電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)質(zhi)(zhi)量,強化數(shu)(shu)據(ju)管(guan)理;同步開展(zhan)基礎設(she)施智能(neng)化與數(shu)(shu)字平(ping)臺建設(she),實(shi)現底層(ceng)設(she)施與上(shang)層(ceng)業務的(de)貫通,優化系統(tong)運(yun)(yun)行和(he)管(guan)理;深(shen)入(ru)挖掘資產數(shu)(shu)據(ju)價值(zhi),實(shi)現數(shu)(shu)據(ju)驅動決策,提升電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)資產利用效率與管(guan)理效益(yi)。
聚焦電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的公(gong)共事(shi)業屬(shu)性,促進可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展,提升(sheng)獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)水平(ping)。電(dian)(dian)網(wang)自身具備典型的公(gong)共事(shi)業屬(shu)性,服(fu)(fu)務(wu)用戶(hu)、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社會發展是(shi)其核心定位(wei)。推進智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設,應(ying)不斷(duan)提升(sheng)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光伏等(deng)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li),滿足多元負荷(he)發展需求,提供靈活(huo)、友(you)好、便捷的用戶(hu)響(xiang)應(ying)服(fu)(fu)務(wu),創新發展分布式能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)多種用能(neng)(neng)(neng)形式,支撐經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社會低碳綠色發展;不斷(duan)豐富能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的內涵和外延,拓展能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)新模式,持續(xu)提升(sheng)獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)水平(ping)和電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)普遍服(fu)(fu)務(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li),增強(qiang)用戶(hu)獲得(de)感。
充分發(fa)揮電網作(zuo)為產(chan)業(ye)(ye)平臺的優勢,促進能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源共享經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。電網作(zuo)為能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源電力(li)資(zi)源優化配置的重要(yao)平臺,在引領(ling)行業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過程中具有天然優勢。應(ying)依托電網數(shu)(shu)字化建(jian)(jian)設推動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源數(shu)(shu)字產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源產(chan)業(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)字化,深入挖掘能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)價值,積(ji)極培育能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)生態產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈,建(jian)(jian)立(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)服務與信息安(an)全標(biao)準化體(ti)系(xi),推動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源電力(li)大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)信息服務、綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源服務等(deng)領(ling)域(yu)的業(ye)(ye)務拓(tuo)展(zhan)(zhan),實(shi)現能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量流(liu)、信息流(liu)、價值流(liu)的“三流(liu)合一”,發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源數(shu)(shu)字經(jing)(jing)濟,促進能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源共享經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。
推進智能電網建設的三點建議
鑒(jian)于(yu)智能電網(wang)涉(she)及范圍(wei)大(da)、影響領域廣、挑(tiao)戰難度大(da),推進智能電網(wang)建(jian)設需(xu)要(yao)政府、電網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)及全(quan)社會共(gong)同(tong)參與、統籌協(xie)調、形(xing)成(cheng)合力,逐步形(xing)成(cheng)有利于(yu)智能電網(wang)發展的(de)良好(hao)環境,加快(kuai)智能電網(wang)落地。
做好(hao)頂(ding)層(ceng)設計(ji),加強(qiang)行業(ye)指導(dao)。堅持規(gui)劃先行,基于新形(xing)勢(shi)新要求進一步組織(zhi)深化(hua)智(zhi)能(neng)電網(wang)研究,明(ming)(ming)確(que)新時代智(zhi)能(neng)電網(wang)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)技術路線(xian)和(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)模式(shi),建立健全智(zhi)能(neng)電網(wang)相關標(biao)準(zhun)體系(xi),推動(dong)智(zhi)能(neng)電網(wang)國際合作創新;統籌加強(qiang)對(dui)行業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)指導(dao),加大各(ge)行業(ye)之間的(de)(de)協(xie)調力度,為智(zhi)能(neng)電網(wang)未來發展(zhan)(zhan)指明(ming)(ming)方向(xiang)。
試(shi)(shi)點(dian)示(shi)范先(xian)行,統籌(chou)協(xie)調(diao)推進。鼓勵試(shi)(shi)點(dian)示(shi)范,因地(di)制(zhi)宜開展各類(lei)創(chuang)新示(shi)范項目建設,加強對(dui)創(chuang)新示(shi)范項目的(de)科(ke)學評估(gu)和閉環管(guan)理,著(zhu)重考察創(chuang)新示(shi)范項目的(de)技術(shu)經(jing)濟(ji)性和市(shi)場前景(jing),逐步探索形成可復制(zhi)可推廣的(de)經(jing)驗和成果(guo),通過試(shi)(shi)點(dian)示(shi)范統籌(chou)引(yin)領智能電網(wang)規模化建設。
完(wan)善配套機制,培(pei)(pei)育創新土(tu)壤。逐步(bu)完(wan)善智能(neng)電網配套政(zheng)策體(ti)系,在(zai)項目建設(she)、并網、交易等方面(mian)予(yu)以政(zheng)策支持(chi);完(wan)善相關(guan)機制建設(she),培(pei)(pei)育開(kai)放(fang)共享的市(shi)場環境,支持(chi)儲(chu)能(neng)、微電網、分布式能(neng)源(yuan)等能(neng)源(yuan)形態(tai)健(jian)康發展;推(tui)動構建智能(neng)電網創新創業體(ti)系,引導各方共同參與,激發產業鏈發展活(huo)力,培(pei)(pei)育創新土(tu)壤。
全面加快智(zhi)(zhi)能電網建設(she)是(shi)落實新(xin)時代能源(yuan)轉型與能源(yuan)革命要求的有(you)效途(tu)徑,具(ju)有(you)廣闊的發展(zhan)前景,但也面臨著(zhu)極大(da)的挑戰。應(ying)準(zhun)確把握我國新(xin)形勢智(zhi)(zhi)能電網的發展(zhan)定位(wei),科學謀劃合理可(ke)行(xing)的發展(zhan)路線,以創新(xin)示范統籌引領(ling)智(zhi)(zhi)能電網建設(she),推進能源(yuan)電力行(xing)業高質量發展(zhan)。