由中(zhong)國社會(hui)(hui)科(ke)(ke)學院(yuan)研(yan)究(jiu)生院(yuan)與中(zhong)俄(e)能源(yuan)基(ji)金會(hui)(hui)共同(tong)主辦的“能源(yuan)經濟與能源(yuan)安全國際(ji)論壇”暨《2019年世(shi)界(jie)能源(yuan)藍(lan)皮(pi)書(shu)》新書(shu)發布會(hui)(hui)6月(yue)22日在京舉行(xing)。《2019年世(shi)界(jie)能源(yuan)藍(lan)皮(pi)書(shu)》(《世(shi)界(jie)能源(yuan)發展(zhan)報告(2019)》)由中(zhong)國社會(hui)(hui)科(ke)(ke)學院(yuan)研(yan)究(jiu)生院(yuan)原院(yuan)長、國際(ji)能源(yuan)安全研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)心主任(ren)黃曉勇教(jiao)授主編,社會(hui)(hui)科(ke)(ke)學文獻出版社出版。
黃曉勇(yong)教(jiao)授在(zai)論壇上表示,當前世(shi)界(jie)政治經濟(ji)格(ge)(ge)(ge)局動(dong)(dong)蕩并正(zheng)發(fa)生深(shen)刻變化(hua)。2018年以來世(shi)界(jie)政治局勢(shi)復雜多(duo)變,全球總體經濟(ji)增速下行、通脹率提(ti)高、國(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易與國(guo)際(ji)投資增速有所(suo)放緩,金融(rong)市場(chang)持(chi)續(xu)動(dong)(dong)蕩,2017年各(ge)國(guo)經濟(ji)強勁(jing)回升(sheng)的(de)(de)勢(shi)頭已(yi)難尋蹤跡。同時,貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易保護主義、逆全球化(hua)趨勢(shi)和美對華貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易戰的(de)(de)持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)酵,加劇(ju)了國(guo)際(ji)政治經濟(ji)格(ge)(ge)(ge)局的(de)(de)復雜多(duo)變,國(guo)際(ji)環境的(de)(de)不確定(ding)性亦持(chi)續(xu)增加。中美兩個世(shi)界(jie)最大經濟(ji)體的(de)(de)摩擦和沖(chong)突,對全球經濟(ji)和金融(rong)市場(chang)的(de)(de)影響正(zheng)在(zai)加深(shen)擴大。預計2019年世(shi)界(jie)經濟(ji)整體下行壓力(li)還會進一步加強,而一個時期內國(guo)際(ji)政治格(ge)(ge)(ge)局持(chi)續(xu)動(dong)(dong)蕩的(de)(de)局面仍將(jiang)延(yan)續(xu)。
全球能源市場穩中有變,美國能源獨立影響全球格局
黃曉勇認為,在(zai)全球局勢的大(da)變革下(xia),國際(ji)能源市場格局也正在(zai)發生深刻變革,主要體(ti)現在(zai)以下(xia)六個方(fang)面:
一(yi)是(shi),國際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市場整體(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)求結(jie)構穩(wen)中有(you)變(bian)。“穩(wen)”主(zhu)要(yao)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)球一(yi)次(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)供(gong)(gong)給持續(xu)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)。2018年(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)球一(yi)次(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)總量(liang)為(wei)13865百萬噸(dun)油(you)(you)當量(liang),同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)速2.9%,較(jiao)2007-2017年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)均增(zeng)(zeng)速高出(chu)(chu)1.4個百分點,該增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)頭預計(ji)(ji)到2035年(nian)(nian)會(hui)(hui)因能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系結(jie)構的(de)調(diao)整而漸趨(qu)停滯(zhi)。全(quan)(quan)球一(yi)次(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)給規模還在(zai)(zai)不斷擴(kuo)大。2018年(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)球原(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)生產(chan)量(liang)44.7億噸(dun),較(jiao)2017年(nian)(nian)同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)2.2%;生產(chan)天(tian)然氣38679億立方米,較(jiao)2017年(nian)(nian)同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)5.2%;煤炭開采量(liang)80.1億噸(dun),較(jiao)2017年(nian)(nian)同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4%。從全(quan)(quan)球一(yi)次(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)給規模看,預計(ji)(ji)未來20年(nian)(nian)國際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市場供(gong)(gong)需仍會(hui)(hui)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)穩(wen)定增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)態(tai)勢(shi)。“變(bian)”主(zhu)要(yao)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)國際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)格局(ju)正在(zai)(zai)從傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)逐漸向綠色(se)、低碳、清(qing)潔且可持續(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)變(bian)。BP數據顯示,2018年(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)球一(yi)次(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)中可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)了14.5%,其中,太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)28.9%,風能(neng)(neng)(neng)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)12.6%;其次(ci)(ci),天(tian)然氣消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)增(zeng)(zeng)速為(wei)5.3%。相較(jiao)之下,傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤炭和(he)原(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)份額正顯現(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)將逐步(bu)被清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)替代的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)。
二(er)是,美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)“能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)獨(du)立”對全球(qiu)(qiu)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供需格局(ju)的(de)影響日益加大(da)。1973年(nian)(nian),美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)總統(tong)尼克松(song)最(zui)早提出(chu)了“能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)獨(du)立”的(de)概念(nian),指出(chu)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)應(ying)“滿足自己(ji)的(de)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需求,而不依(yi)賴于任何外國(guo)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。伴隨著國(guo)際能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需求的(de)猛增及國(guo)際能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)格局(ju)的(de)變動,美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)憑借頁巖(yan)氣革(ge)命逐步(bu)實現(xian)了能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)獨(du)立的(de)戰略目標(biao)。從美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)的(de)天(tian)然氣生產(chan)情況(kuang)看,2018年(nian)(nian)天(tian)然氣生產(chan)量為(wei)8318億立方(fang)米,增長率高達11.5%,生產(chan)量位居全球(qiu)(qiu)首位,美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)也(ye)從過去的(de)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費大(da)國(guo)驟變為(wei)全球(qiu)(qiu)第一大(da)油(you)氣生產(chan)國(guo)。為(wei)推進(jin)頁巖(yan)氣革(ge)命,美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)制定能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)輸出(chu)計劃,旨在通過利用美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)的(de)技術優勢(shi)和政治霸權優勢(shi),在打擊傳統(tong)石油(you)輸出(chu)國(guo)的(de)同時,提升美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)在全球(qiu)(qiu)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)場中的(de)地位。我們也(ye)十分清(qing)楚地看到,在美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)發(fa)起的(de)貿易戰中,美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)將(jiang)促進(jin)自身(shen)油(you)氣出(chu)口放在了非常重要的(de)位置。
三是,國(guo)(guo)(guo)際能源(yuan)(yuan)依(yi)賴(lai)(lai)加深,能源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全更具(ju)全球(qiu)(qiu)性,且地緣政治對(dui)全球(qiu)(qiu)能源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)場(chang)和(he)能源(yuan)(yuan)供給安(an)全的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)仍十分深刻。隨著全球(qiu)(qiu)經(jing)濟及(ji)全球(qiu)(qiu)能源(yuan)(yuan)一體化的(de)深入發展,各國(guo)(guo)(guo)間經(jing)濟與能源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)依(yi)賴(lai)(lai)程度(du)日(ri)益加深。世界(jie)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)能源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全有賴(lai)(lai)于(yu)全球(qiu)(qiu)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)穩(wen)定,能源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全無疑是一個全球(qiu)(qiu)性問題(ti)。2018年以來(lai),美國(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)啟對(dui)伊朗的(de)制(zhi)裁等地緣政治因素(su)對(dui)全球(qiu)(qiu)能源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)場(chang)影(ying)響(xiang)顯著,一度(du)引發國(guo)(guo)(guo)際石(shi)油價格的(de)上漲。此(ci)后隨著美國(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)部(bu)分國(guo)(guo)(guo)家和(he)地區實施了暫(zan)時的(de)豁(huo)免,國(guo)(guo)(guo)際石(shi)油市(shi)場(chang)的(de)緊(jin)張情(qing)緒趨于(yu)緩和(he)。
四是,“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”國(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)不斷加強。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)是“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”倡議建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)領域,其沿線不僅是傳統化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)最為富集的(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu),也(ye)是新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展的(de)(de)(de)熱點地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu),更(geng)是開展能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。國(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)不僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)強化國(guo)際(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基礎設施互(hu)(hu)聯互(hu)(hu)通,引領區(qu)(qu)(qu)域積極的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型,深化區(qu)(qu)(qu)域能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)機制,更(geng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)充分(fen)利(li)用國(guo)內外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),搭(da)建(jian)國(guo)際(ji)間更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)平(ping)臺(tai),推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)革新,為未來更(geng)好地(di)實現全球能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)聯、全球能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命(ming)及(ji)綠色能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、智慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)共享(xiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提供(gong)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)契(qi)機。
五是(shi),可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)等清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)正在(zai)成為應對能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型與氣候變化的(de)(de)核心(xin)。目(mu)前(qian),全球(qiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費結(jie)構(gou)(gou)正在(zai)從一(yi)次能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)占主導(dao)的(de)(de)消(xiao)費結(jie)構(gou)(gou)逐漸向以(yi)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為主體的(de)(de)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費結(jie)構(gou)(gou)轉變。世界各國(guo)紛紛將發展(zhan)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)列為核心(xin)戰(zhan)(zhan)略,努力通過調整能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)積極向綠色、低碳、清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型。全球(qiu)正在(zai)逐步朝向以(yi)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主的(de)(de)可持續能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)時代邁進(jin)。目(mu)前(qian),許多(duo)國(guo)家(jia)已將發展(zhan)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)列為能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型核心(xin)戰(zhan)(zhan)略。截至2017年(nian)底,全球(qiu)有179個國(guo)家(jia)設定了可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展(zhan)目(mu)標,178個國(guo)家(jia)就(jiu)減少(shao)溫(wen)室氣體排放、控制全球(qiu)溫(wen)度升高提出了自(zi)主貢獻(xian)目(mu)標,146個國(guo)家(jia)設定了可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力發展(zhan)目(mu)標,其中57個國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)目(mu)標為100%可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力。
六是(shi)(shi),技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)驅動成為(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革命(ming)的關鍵。自工業(ye)化時代以來(lai),技(ji)術(shu)(shu)就成為(wei)推動經濟社(she)會發(fa)(fa)展的重要力量。在能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)綠色(se)發(fa)(fa)展領(ling)域內,技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的作用至(zhi)關重要。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)既是(shi)(shi)推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革命(ming)的主(zhu)要因(yin)素,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)推動綠色(se)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)乃至(zhi)實(shi)現(xian)未來(lai)智慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)共享能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的硬件因(yin)素。為(wei)此,世界各國不(bu)斷(duan)推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的創(chuang)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)展,如中國公布了《能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)革命(ming)創(chuang)新(xin)行動計劃(2016-2030)》,并著重強調了能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)革命(ming)的需(xu)求和(he)重點(dian),美歐(ou)日等(deng)國也(ye)不(bu)斷(duan)推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的創(chuang)新(xin),進(jin)而占據能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的制高點(dian),推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)經濟及(ji)社(she)會經濟的進(jin)一步發(fa)(fa)展。
能源生產和消費將發生根本變革,共享能源成重要趨勢
縱觀(guan)人(ren)類(lei)發展(zhan)史(shi),人(ren)類(lei)已經(jing)歷(li)三次能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革命和兩(liang)次工業革命。新(xin)(xin)一輪的能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革命以新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的深(shen)度融(rong)合(he)為主要標(biao)志(zhi),將人(ren)類(lei)社會(hui)推向以高效(xiao)、清潔(jie)、低碳(tan)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、共享(xiang)為主要特(te)征的新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)時代。與此相(xiang)對應,新(xin)(xin)一輪工業革命將以互(hu)聯網技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化技(ji)(ji)術(shu)等的廣泛應用為標(biao)志(zhi),將人(ren)類(lei)社會(hui)推向新(xin)(xin)的可持續發展(zhan)的進(jin)程。
黃曉勇指出,新(xin)一輪能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)(ge)命是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)產、消費及儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)方式的(de)根本變(bian)革(ge)(ge)。其特征主要(yao)體(ti)現在(zai)以下幾個(ge)方面:第一,是(shi)與知識經(jing)濟(ji)、循(xun)環經(jing)濟(ji)和(he)低碳經(jing)濟(ji)密切相關的(de)低碳能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)(ge)命;第二,逐漸(jian)由傳統化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構體(ti)系向(xiang)(xiang)可再生(sheng)且可持(chi)續的(de)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系轉變(bian);第三,將引發(fa)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)產、分配、消費及儲存(cun)方式等(deng)方面的(de)革(ge)(ge)命性變(bian)化(hua);第四,是(shi)在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)全球化(hua)和(he)應(ying)對全球氣候變(bian)化(hua)的(de)背景下出現的(de)。隨(sui)著能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市場的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)及經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會的(de)持(chi)續創新(xin),共享經(jing)濟(ji)、互聯網(wang)金融、新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)新(xin)經(jing)濟(ji)領(ling)域已在(zai)各(ge)產業領(ling)域開花結果(guo)。也就是(shi)說,社(she)會經(jing)濟(ji)正(zheng)在(zai)快(kuai)速實現增(zeng)長動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan),經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)(mo)式從速度(du)和(he)規模(mo)(mo)轉向(xiang)(xiang)質(zhi)量和(he)效(xiao)益,產業結構從低端向(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)端轉變(bian),增(zeng)長動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)也從資源(yuan)(yuan)型(xing)向(xiang)(xiang)創新(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)型(xing)轉換(huan)。
近年(nian)來,隨著習近平總書記五大發展理念即“創(chuang)新、協調、綠色(se)、開放(fang)、共享”的(de)(de)提出(chu),共享經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)發展漸(jian)成(cheng)燎(liao)原(yuan)之(zhi)勢(shi)。共享經(jing)(jing)濟之(zhi)所(suo)以呈現燎(liao)原(yuan)之(zhi)勢(shi),不僅順應了(le)人們(men)對美好生活的(de)(de)向(xiang)往(wang),也(ye)可(ke)以更好地解決區域發展及消費的(de)(de)不均衡問題。
國(guo)家信息中心(xin)與(yu)中國(guo)互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)協會的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)份(fen)報告中指出(chu),預計到2020年共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)經濟的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo)占GDP比重將達到10%以(yi)上。自(zi)2016年以(yi)來,共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)經濟就得到國(guo)家政策的(de)(de)(de)明(ming)確支持,強調“發展共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)經濟,建立網(wang)(wang)絡化協同創(chuang)新(xin)體系”。目前,共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)經濟運(yun)用的(de)(de)(de)范圍仍相對有限(xian),主要(yao)在(zai)于共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服務,如共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)單車(che)、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)汽車(che)、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)充電樁(zhuang)、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)充電寶(bao)、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)太(tai)陽能(neng)等(deng),但共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)經濟的(de)(de)(de)未來卻是(shi)一(yi)個很新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)研究方向,值得繼續深入探究。在(zai)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)經濟的(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)潮下,能(neng)源(yuan)行業可(ke)能(neng)成(cheng)為共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)經濟大改造的(de)(de)(de)重大戰場,成(cheng)為推進能(neng)源(yuan)“四大革命(ming)”的(de)(de)(de)利器(qi)。
黃曉(xiao)勇認為(wei)(wei),共享(xiang)(xiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)共享(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理(li)念為(wei)(wei)依托,以(yi)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)綠(lv)色(se)(se)低碳清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、充分協(xie)調國(guo)家(jia)政策(ce)等理(li)念為(wei)(wei)核心,積極推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)產(chan)及消(xiao)(xiao)費革命。從目前看(kan),共享(xiang)(xiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)可以(yi)從生(sheng)產(chan)、消(xiao)(xiao)費、存儲(chu)三方(fang)面(mian)入(ru)手,與(yu)智慧城市,“互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)+”與(yu)分布式(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相(xiang)結合(he);另一(yi)(yi)個應用領(ling)(ling)域(yu)是與(yu)周邊(bian)(bian)國(guo)家(jia)及地區展(zhan)(zhan)開能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)合(he)作,在“創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新驅動發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)”的(de)(de)(de)指導下,共同構建(jian)(jian)(jian)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)球共享(xiang)(xiang)體系,建(jian)(jian)(jian)立“綠(lv)色(se)(se)絲綢之路(lu)”。為(wei)(wei)了支(zhi)撐“一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)路(lu)”的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合(he)作,國(guo)家(jia)鼓勵關鍵技(ji)術(shu)(shu)裝備(bei)和技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標準“走出(chu)去”,推進(jin)(jin)與(yu)周邊(bian)(bian)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合(he)作,實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)絡的(de)(de)(de)互(hu)通互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)、共享(xiang)(xiang)共建(jian)(jian)(jian),建(jian)(jian)(jian)成國(guo)際能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)制高點。同時,把(ba)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)科技(ji)進(jin)(jin)步與(yu)國(guo)際合(he)作緊密(mi)(mi)相(xiang)連(lian),把(ba)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)成果轉化與(yu)產(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)緊密(mi)(mi)相(xiang)連(lian),共同推進(jin)(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)中國(guo)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)造的(de)(de)(de)廣闊(kuo)合(he)作前景。此外,國(guo)際能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)合(he)作正(zheng)朝(chao)著(zhu)“能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)絡共享(xiang)(xiang)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)”方(fang)向前進(jin)(jin)。
黃曉勇指出(chu),從(cong)共享能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)未(wei)(wei)來(lai)應用(yong)看,可(ke)(ke)以貫穿能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生產(chan)(chan)、消費(fei)、儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)全價值鏈(lian)。首先,對于生產(chan)(chan)領域,未(wei)(wei)來(lai)會(hui)有大量(liang)的(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生產(chan)(chan)設(she)(she)備(bei)布(bu)置在(zai)(zai)消費(fei)側,包(bao)括可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)和小(xiao)型(xing)清潔化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)。其次,在(zai)(zai)消費(fei)領域,未(wei)(wei)來(lai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)領域最大的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)在(zai)(zai)于交通能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)的(de)(de)革命(ming),電(dian)動汽(qi)車正在(zai)(zai)快速替代汽(qi)、柴油汽(qi)車。最后,能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)將成(cheng)為(wei)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互聯網價值鏈(lian)上的(de)(de)重要環節,但儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)目前(qian)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)利用(yong)效(xiao)率低(di)、投資(zi)成(cheng)本高的(de)(de)問(wen)題,如果結合眾(zhong)籌(chou)+共享經濟,可(ke)(ke)以實現社區級儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)集資(zi)建設(she)(she)。