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作為能源轉型中的重要角色，我國新能源的發展始終呈現出亮點與痛點并存的狀態：得益于國家政策的支持和技術創新，我國近十年來新能源發展迅猛，風電、光伏發電裝機容量已穩居全球首位；與此同時，“雙棄”問題棘手難辦，新能源長期依賴補貼等現象已是沉疴痼疾。

近日，國(guo)(guo)家發(fa)展改(gai)革委(wei)、國(guo)(guo)家能源局公布《關于積極推進風電、光(guang)伏發(fa)電無補貼(tie)平(ping)(ping)價(jia)上網有關工作的(de)通知》（以下(xia)簡稱《通知》），“風光(guang)平(ping)(ping)價(jia)上網時代”加速到來(lai)。從《通知》明確的(de)八項措施來(lai)看，電網企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)風光(guang)平(ping)(ping)價(jia)上網中將扮演重要角色。如(ru)何保障新能源消納，種(zhong)種(zhong)疑慮亦為(wei)業(ye)界所關注(zhu)。為(wei)此，本刊記者專訪國(guo)(guo)家電網公司發(fa)展策劃部副(fu)主任（正局級）劉(liu)勁松(song)，詳(xiang)談電網企(qi)業(ye)如(ru)何配合政策落(luo)地(di)。

消納預期：國網區域內“雙棄”率不超過5%的控制目標

“十三五”以來，我國(guo)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技術水(shui)平不斷(duan)提高，規(gui)模持續(xu)擴(kuo)大，開發(fa)建設(she)成本持續(xu)降低(di)，累(lei)計(ji)裝機規(gui)模超過(guo)3.5億千(qian)瓦，已(yi)成為全球風電、光伏裝機最大的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)，是(shi)排名第(di)二(er)位美(mei)國(guo)的(de)(de)2倍(bei)多。在(zai)多種因素(su)的(de)(de)共(gong)同作(zuo)用下，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)項目的(de)(de)經(jing)濟性穩步提升，在(zai)部(bu)分地(di)區已(yi)經(jing)具備(bei)了平價(jia)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)和低(di)價(jia)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)試點的(de)(de)基礎(chu)。國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局積極探索(suo)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展新(xin)模式，適時推(tui)出平價(jia)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)和低(di)價(jia)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)試點，推(tui)動風電、光伏發(fa)電高質量發(fa)展。國(guo)家(jia)電網(wang)(wang)公司(si)一(yi)直把服務新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展作(zuo)為一(yi)項重大社會責任(ren)，將(jiang)認真貫徹落(luo)實(shi)好國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展改革委、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局關于(yu)平價(jia)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)和低(di)價(jia)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)各項部(bu)署，確保試點的(de)(de)順利(li)實(shi)施。

《通知》對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)業(ye)服(fu)務新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展方面(mian)(mian)提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求主要(yao)有如下(xia)幾個方面(mian)(mian)。一是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)業(ye)按照國家能(neng)源(yuan)局明(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)各省區棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)控制目(mu)標，做好消納能(neng)力研究分(fen)析，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網消納能(neng)力作為(wei)配置(zhi)項(xiang)目(mu)前(qian)提條(tiao)件，為(wei)地方能(neng)源(yuan)主管部門(men)規劃(hua)和(he)確(que)定平(ping)(ping)價上網試點(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)規模提供(gong)科學依(yi)據；二(er)是負(fu)責投資建設項(xiang)目(mu)升壓站之(zhi)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)網等全(quan)部配套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網工程；三是確(que)保平(ping)(ping)價上網試點(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)所發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量全(quan)額(e)上網，如存在限發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量則核定為(wei)可轉讓的(de)(de)(de)優(you)先發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃(hua)；四是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易中心應完(wan)善交(jiao)易平(ping)(ping)臺和(he)交(jiao)易品種，組織實(shi)施相關交(jiao)易；五是對分(fen)布式(shi)平(ping)(ping)價上網試點(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)就近(jin)直(zhi)接(jie)交(jiao)易電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，免收未(wei)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)上一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級的(de)(de)(de)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)，減(jian)免政(zheng)策(ce)性交(jiao)叉補貼；六是與(yu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)簽訂不(bu)少于20年的(de)(de)(de)長期(qi)固(gu)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價購(gou)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)同(tong)；七是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網安全(quan)運行提出(chu)更高(gao)要(yao)求。

“平價上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)前(qian)提是有序上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。要做到有序，需要前(qian)期(qi)周密的(de)研究和測(ce)算。電力系(xi)統(tong)到底能夠承(cheng)受(shou)多少，是就地消(xiao)納還是跨(kua)區輸送，運(yun)行(xing)安全配(pei)套問題(ti)是否解決，等等問題(ti)都要系(xi)統(tong)考慮，否則(ze)風光大量上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)將造成電網(wang)(wang)(wang)運(yun)行(xing)極(ji)大的(de)壓力。另外(wai)，接(jie)網(wang)(wang)(wang)配(pei)套電網(wang)(wang)(wang)工程要按期(qi)完成，工期(qi)緊，投資大，但既然政策(ce)明(ming)確了電網(wang)(wang)(wang)公司(si)(si)的(de)責任，就必(bi)須(xu)積(ji)極(ji)組織(zhi)建設實施，在此也呼吁電源企業與電網(wang)(wang)(wang)公司(si)(si)加強(qiang)溝(gou)通(tong)，妥善(shan)安排好項(xiang)目(mu)投產及并網(wang)(wang)(wang)時序。同時，考慮到電價下行(xing)的(de)壓力，電網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業投資壓力進一步增加，希望政府主管部門加快推進將配(pei)套接(jie)網(wang)(wang)(wang)工程建設成本納入輸配(pei)電價中予以(yi)疏導(dao)。”劉勁松說。

新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)問題(ti)是(shi)(shi)關(guan)乎其平(ping)價上網的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)所在。通(tong)知(zhi)中(zhong)指(zhi)出，電(dian)(dian)網企業要承擔新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并網以及消(xiao)納(na)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)配(pei)套性(xing)(xing)工作。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)項系(xi)統(tong)工程，針對目(mu)前(qian)存(cun)在的(de)(de)“源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)-網-荷-儲”發(fa)展不(bu)匹(pi)配(pei)問題(ti)，需(xu)要電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)網、用(yong)(yong)戶、政府等(deng)各(ge)方共同努力(li)(li)，主要面臨以下幾方面的(de)(de)困難。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)需(xu)求逆向(xiang)分布，風(feng)光資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)部(bu)分分布在“三(san)北”地區(qu)，而用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷主要位于(yu)中(zhong)東部(bu)和(he)南(nan)方地區(qu),由此帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)(de)跨(kua)省區(qu)輸電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)較(jiao)大(da)。截至2018年底，“三(san)北”地區(qu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機達到(dao)2.3億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，但(dan)跨(kua)區(qu)外(wai)送(song)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)只(zhi)有4900萬千(qian)瓦(wa)，占新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機的(de)(de)20%，還要承擔煤電(dian)(dian)基地外(wai)送(song)任務，外(wai)送(song)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)不(bu)足(zu)。二是(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)速發(fa)展與近年來(lai)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)增(zeng)速不(bu)匹(pi)配(pei)，在國家政策的(de)(de)積(ji)極支持下，新(xin)疆(jiang)、甘肅(su)、蒙東等(deng)省份新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機快速增(zeng)長(chang)，遠超全(quan)社會用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)量增(zeng)速，造(zao)成(cheng)了較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)消(xiao)納(na)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)。新(xin)疆(jiang)、甘肅(su)、蒙東新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機分別(bie)是(shi)(shi)本地最大(da)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷的(de)(de)1.1、1.4、2.0倍，本地消(xiao)納(na)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)不(bu)足(zu)，2018年三(san)省區(qu)棄電(dian)(dian)量合計(ji)占全(quan)網的(de)(de)77%。三(san)是(shi)(shi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)出力(li)(li)受自然條(tiao)件影響，存(cun)在比較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)波動性(xing)(xing)，大(da)規模并網后，給(gei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)安全(quan)運(yun)行帶(dai)來(lai)較(jiao)大(da)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)。“電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展與電(dian)(dian)網通(tong)道(dao)不(bu)匹(pi)配(pei)，負荷增(zeng)長(chang)緩(huan)慢，調峰能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)上不(bu)來(lai)。比如既經濟(ji)又高(gao)效的(de)(de)火電(dian)(dian)靈活性(xing)(xing)改造(zao)，目(mu)前(qian)僅完成(cheng)“十三(san)五”規劃目(mu)標的(de)(de)20%，還需(xu)進一(yi)步加快。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)存(cun)在多方面問題(ti)，相(xiang)關(guan)配(pei)套政策比如配(pei)額制、現貨交易等(deng)也需(xu)要相(xiang)應的(de)(de)體制機制來(lai)保障其落地實施。”劉勁松(song)說。

曾(ceng)任國網(wang)新(xin)疆(jiang)電(dian)力董事長的(de)(de)劉勁松(song)對(dui)于西(xi)(xi)北地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納(na)難題深有體會。“西(xi)(xi)北地(di)區(qu)(qu)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)稟賦好，風(feng)光(guang)資源(yuan)(yuan)極為豐富(fu)，但當地(di)負荷需求(qiu)有限(xian)，而區(qu)(qu)外(wai)送電(dian)受限(xian)于通道建(jian)設和省間壁壘(lei)，”劉勁松(song)說(shuo)，“目(mu)(mu)前(qian)經濟下行壓(ya)力繼續加大，市(shi)(shi)場需求(qiu)乏力，如何將西(xi)(xi)北地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)綠色電(dian)能(neng)(neng)送出(chu)去、賣出(chu)去仍然有待市(shi)(shi)場機制的(de)(de)完善。另外(wai)，目(mu)(mu)前(qian)調峰能(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)不足(zu)也是新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納(na)的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)之一(yi)，這(zhe)其中存在(zai)諸多(duo)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)因素，以新(xin)疆(jiang)為例，大量自備電(dian)廠(chang)基本不承(cheng)擔調峰責(ze)任，地(di)方(fang)電(dian)網(wang)消納(na)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)較少等(deng)因素都(dou)加劇了消納(na)矛(mao)盾(dun)。因此(ci)，在(zai)通道加快建(jian)設的(de)(de)基礎上，還需在(zai)市(shi)(shi)場機制等(deng)多(duo)方(fang)面進一(yi)步采取措施(shi)。”

2018年，國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展改革委、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局出(chu)臺了一系列(lie)促(cu)進新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納(na)的(de)政策措施，國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)網有限公司(si)認(ren)真貫徹落(luo)實各(ge)項(xiang)工作部署，制(zhi)定并落(luo)實6個方面22項(xiang)重(zhong)點(dian)措施，在各(ge)方的(de)共同(tong)(tong)努(nu)力下，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納(na)矛盾繼(ji)續得到緩解(jie)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)和占比(bi)“雙升(sheng)”。國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)網公司(si)經營范(fan)圍(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)累(lei)計(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)4390億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)、同(tong)(tong)比(bi)上(shang)升(sheng)32%，占總發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)的(de)8.2%、同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)加1.4個百分(fen)點(dian)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)棄(qi)(qi)電(dian)量(liang)和棄(qi)(qi)電(dian)率(lv)(lv)“雙降”。國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)網公司(si)經營范(fan)圍(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)累(lei)計(ji)棄(qi)(qi)電(dian)量(liang)268.5億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)、同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下降35%，棄(qi)(qi)電(dian)率(lv)(lv)5.8%、同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下降5.2個百分(fen)點(dian)。其(qi)中，棄(qi)(qi)風(feng)電(dian)量(liang)216.6億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)，棄(qi)(qi)風(feng)率(lv)(lv)7.1%；棄(qi)(qi)光(guang)電(dian)量(liang)51.9億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)，棄(qi)(qi)光(guang)率(lv)(lv)3.2%。

為(wei)保障新能(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)空間，《通知》要求(qiu)新能(neng)源企業與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司(si)簽(qian)訂20年(nian)長期合同(tong)，平價(jia)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)項(xiang)目20年(nian)合約是政(zheng)府(fu)授權合約，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業代表地方政(zheng)府(fu)與企業簽(qian)訂購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合同(tong)，其平價(jia)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)項(xiang)目的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)不(bu)會(hui)隨燃煤標桿(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)進行(xing)波動調整(zheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業接(jie)受政(zheng)府(fu)監管，按(an)照“準許成本加合理收益”原則核定輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業準許收入(ru)主要與有效資產和運營成本相關(guan)，因此，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業會(hui)全力以赴保障新能(neng)源消納(na)，不(bu)會(hui)因燃煤標桿(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)波動而(er)影響合約的(de)執(zhi)行(xing)。

國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司將繼續(xu)認(ren)真貫徹落(luo)(luo)實國家發改委、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局各(ge)項(xiang)工作部署，全力(li)做好新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)工作，確(que)保2019年實現公(gong)司經營區(qu)域(yu)內棄風(feng)(feng)棄光(guang)率(lv)達到(dao)5%的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)目標。一是滾動(dong)分(fen)析電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，主動(dong)向(xiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主管部門報(bao)(bao)送新增規模、布局、結構和時序(xu)建議，引(yin)導有(you)序(xu)發展，避免棄風(feng)(feng)棄光(guang)問題反彈。二是加(jia)快特高壓(ya)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通道(dao)建設，加(jia)強(qiang)送受端電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)結構，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)配套電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)建設，進(jin)(jin)一步提(ti)升現有(you)通道(dao)利用率(lv)。全面(mian)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)河北豐(feng)寧、陜西鎮(zhen)安等(deng)已(yi)開(kai)工抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站建設。三是加(jia)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)安全管理(li)與(yu)風(feng)(feng)險管控(kong)，優化(hua)運(yun)行(xing)方(fang)式，挖掘省(sheng)內消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)空間，落(luo)(luo)實保障(zhang)性(xing)收購政策。四(si)是統(tong)籌推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)現貨市場建設，推(tui)(tui)廣電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輔助服務市場，打破省(sheng)間壁壘、促進(jin)(jin)清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)跨區(qu)跨省(sheng)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)。五是加(jia)強(qiang)技術創新，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)完善新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)涉網(wang)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)相關(guan)技術標準(zhun)，為新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高比(bi)例運(yun)行(xing)提(ti)供技術保障(zhang)。六是落(luo)(luo)實“放管服”各(ge)項(xiang)要求(qiu)，繼續(xu)將清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)目標逐年細(xi)化(hua)分(fen)解(jie)到(dao)各(ge)分(fen)部和省(sheng)公(gong)司。七是按照(zhao)“橫(heng)向(xiang)協調(diao)、縱向(xiang)貫通”的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，搭建新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)全流程管理(li)信息平臺，不斷提(ti)升新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)水平和效率(lv)。八是加(jia)強(qiang)溝通匯報(bao)(bao)，與(yu)國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主管部門建立常(chang)態聯絡機制(zhi)，及時匯報(bao)(bao)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)形勢和措施(shi)建議，促請政府部門推(tui)(tui)動(dong)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)改造，將自備電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠納(na)入(ru)統(tong)一調(diao)度，鼓勵(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、可中(zhong)斷負荷(he)等(deng)參與(yu)系統(tong)調(diao)節，提(ti)升系統(tong)靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)。

分布式交易：降低輸配電價，讓利電源業主和用戶

如今(jin)，分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)能源快速發(fa)展，《通知》針對(dui)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)易，提出降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)就(jiu)近(jin)直接(jie)交(jiao)易的輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價及收(shou)費。我國在電(dian)(dian)改新(xin)形勢下，向社會資本(ben)放開分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)近(jin)直接(jie)交(jiao)易。分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)就(jiu)近(jin)直接(jie)交(jiao)易可提高分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項目總(zong)體收(shou)益，推動分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源發(fa)展，本(ben)質上是(shi)通過降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價，由電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業對(dui)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源業主(zhu)和用戶(hu)進行了讓利。

分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)項目較電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)工程前期工作流程簡單、建設(she)周(zhou)期短(duan)，具(ju)有(you)數量(liang)多、分布(bu)廣、接(jie)入(ru)方案易變動等特點。分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)大規模(mo)接(jie)入(ru)，會(hui)對配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)規劃、建設(she)和運行(xing)帶來影響，需要(yao)對現有(you)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)進行(xing)相應(ying)的(de)技術(shu)改(gai)造。如果缺乏合理的(de)布(bu)局引導，在局部地區甚至會(hui)出(chu)現潮(chao)流反送輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)情況，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)安全運行(xing)。目前，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公(gong)司已經(jing)開展重點區域接(jie)入(ru)分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)承載力研究，在此基礎上提出(chu)試(shi)點地區分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)規模(mo)，引導合理有(you)序發展。

對于(yu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式新能(neng)源發(fa)展(zhan)，國(guo)家電(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司(si)一(yi)直秉持(chi)“支持(chi)、歡迎、服務”的(de)(de)態度，近(jin)年來(lai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式新能(neng)源裝機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量迅猛(meng)增長，截(jie)至2018年底，國(guo)家電(dian)網(wang)(wang)經營區(qu)域分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式光伏裝機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量超(chao)過4700萬千瓦，占全國(guo)的(de)(de)94%。與(yu)此同(tong)時，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式新能(neng)源的(de)(de)快速發(fa)展(zhan)也(ye)給電(dian)網(wang)(wang)規(gui)(gui)劃運行帶來(lai)了挑(tiao)戰，大規(gui)(gui)模分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式電(dian)源接入會改變網(wang)(wang)供負荷，對電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)量平衡(heng)產(chan)生影響。充分(fen)(fen)利用(yong)市場化機(ji)制，可以(yi)充分(fen)(fen)調動各類資源消納分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式新能(neng)源的(de)(de)積極性，有利于(yu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式新能(neng)源的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和消納。

近年來(lai)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)開展了一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)促進(jin)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納的市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化機制探索，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)跨省(sheng)區現(xian)貨(huo)交易、調峰輔(fu)助服務市(shi)場(chang)(chang)、自(zi)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)與新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)替代交易等(deng)，取得了顯著成(cheng)(cheng)效。未來(lai)，為(wei)(wei)適應新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大規模消納，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)設仍需(xu)進(jin)一(yi)步完(wan)善，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：一(yi)是加強全國(guo)(guo)統一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)設，落實可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配額制各項工作要求，打破省(sheng)間壁壘，讓市(shi)場(chang)(chang)在資源(yuan)配置(zhi)中發(fa)揮(hui)決定性作用，促進(jin)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的大范圍優化配置(zhi)。二是完(wan)善調峰輔(fu)助服務市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，進(jin)一(yi)步調動火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組調峰積(ji)極性，支持抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)參與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)調節，提升(sheng)系(xi)統運行靈活性。三是加快現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)設，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)體現(xian)時(shi)間和(he)位置(zhi)特(te)性的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量商品價(jia)格，為(wei)(wei)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體提供反(fan)映市(shi)場(chang)(chang)供需(xu)和(he)生產(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)本的價(jia)格信號，促進(jin)發(fa)揮(hui)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)邊際發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本優勢，同時(shi)激(ji)勵風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)根(gen)據(ju)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)格信號提升(sheng)自(zi)身調節能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，減(jian)輕系(xi)統調峰壓(ya)力(li)。

電網運行：系統更復雜，需推動技術和機制創新

目前，新能(neng)源(yuan)去(qu)補貼(tie)的(de)時代已然逼近，未(wei)來新能(neng)源(yuan)上網(wang)(wang)比(bi)例將進一步擴(kuo)大(da)。眾所周知，風能(neng)、太陽(yang)能(neng)等新能(neng)源(yuan)具有顯著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)隨(sui)機性(xing)、間歇性(xing)、波動性(xing)特征，大(da)規模、高比(bi)例接入電網(wang)(wang)，帶來巨大(da)調峰調頻壓(ya)力(li)，電力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)平衡調節和(he)電網(wang)(wang)安全(quan)穩(wen)定運行面臨(lin)一系(xi)(xi)列新挑戰。而且，隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)大(da)量分布(bu)式電源(yuan)、微電網(wang)(wang)、新型(xing)交互式用能(neng)設備的(de)接入，改變(bian)了傳統(tong)的(de)潮(chao)流從電網(wang)(wang)到用戶(hu)的(de)單向流動模式，電網(wang)(wang)運行的(de)復雜性(xing)、不確(que)定性(xing)顯著(zhu)(zhu)增加。

“如今的(de)電網(wang)(wang)形態和過去有很(hen)大(da)不同，特高壓交直流混聯(lian)大(da)電網(wang)(wang)本身(shen)的(de)安(an)全(quan)運行(xing)壓力(li)已(yi)經很(hen)大(da)。而新(xin)能源(yuan)發(fa)展蒸蒸日上，西北地區(qu)資(zi)源(yuan)稟賦好(hao)，中東部地區(qu)市場需(xu)求高，投(tou)資(zi)潛力(li)大(da)，東西部新(xin)能源(yuan)全(quan)面開(kai)花、高比例接入電網(wang)(wang)更增加了系統運行(xing)的(de)復雜性。”劉勁松(song)說。

在(zai)2019年國家電(dian)網公司工作(zuo)會議上，寇(kou)偉董事(shi)長提(ti)出“三型兩網、世(shi)界一流”新(xin)時代戰略(lve)目標，推動建(jian)設世(shi)界一流能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互聯(lian)網企(qi)業(ye)。一方面(mian)，持之以恒地(di)建(jian)設運(yun)(yun)營好(hao)堅強智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)網，不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)升能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)配置(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)和(he)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化水平(ping)，更好(hao)地(di)適應(ying)電(dian)源(yuan)基地(di)集約開(kai)發和(he)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、交互式用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設施等(deng)大規模并網接(jie)入的(de)需要；另(ling)一方面(mian)，充分應(ying)用移動互聯(lian)、人工智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)現代信息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)先進通信技(ji)術(shu)，實現電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統各個環節(jie)萬物互聯(lian)、人機(ji)交互，打造狀態全面(mian)感知(zhi)、信息(xi)高效處(chu)理、應(ying)用便捷(jie)靈(ling)活的(de)泛(fan)在(zai)電(dian)力(li)(li)物聯(lian)網，為電(dian)網安(an)全經濟運(yun)(yun)行(xing)和(he)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)提(ti)供強有力(li)(li)的(de)數(shu)據資源(yuan)支撐。

對于此次出臺的(de)(de)風光平價上(shang)網(wang)(wang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)政，國家(jia)電網(wang)(wang)公司目(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)已經著手起(qi)草落實(shi)(shi)文件，將(jiang)主要(yao)從以下(xia)(xia)方(fang)面做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好相關工作：一是(shi)推(tui)動(dong)具有樞紐型、平臺型、共享型特征的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)建設。打造多種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)協(xie)同、供給與消(xiao)費協(xie)同、集(ji)中式與分布式協(xie)同，大(da)(da)眾廣泛(fan)參與的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型生態化能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)，推(tui)動(dong)“源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)-網(wang)(wang)-荷-儲(chu)”協(xie)調發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)靈活接(jie)入和(he)(he)多種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量的(de)(de)轉化、存儲(chu)和(he)(he)分配(pei)；提(ti)升實(shi)(shi)時監控能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)和(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)預(yu)測(ce)精(jing)度，支撐高比例新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運行(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)消(xiao)納(na)。二是(shi)積極配(pei)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好平價上(shang)網(wang)(wang)試點項目(mu)(mu)(mu)組織實(shi)(shi)施。組織各省級電網(wang)(wang)公司研究分析接(jie)網(wang)(wang)和(he)(he)消(xiao)納(na)條件，與省級能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好項目(mu)(mu)(mu)規(gui)劃銜接(jie)。投資建設配(pei)套(tao)送出工程，全力(li)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好試點項目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)并網(wang)(wang)消(xiao)納(na)。與平價上(shang)網(wang)(wang)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)單位(wei)簽訂不少于20年的(de)(de)長期(qi)固定電價購售電合同，確保(bao)試點項目(mu)(mu)(mu)電價執行(xing)(xing)到位(wei)。三是(shi)加強技術(shu)和(he)(he)機制(zhi)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。加快虛(xu)擬同步發(fa)電機、微(wei)電網(wang)(wang)、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、“互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)+”智慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等關鍵技術(shu)攻關和(he)(he)應(ying)用(yong)，加快柔性直流輸(shu)電等適(shi)應(ying)波動(dong)性可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)電網(wang)(wang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)。引導新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)有序充放電、客戶側(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝置參與電網(wang)(wang)調節，主動(dong)響應(ying)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)出力(li)變化。四(si)是(shi)持續提(ti)升服務(wu)水平。在“網(wang)(wang)上(shang)電網(wang)(wang)”的(de)(de)統(tong)一架構下(xia)(xia)，組織開展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)管(guan)(guan)理(li)模塊開發(fa)建設，將(jiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃、前(qian)期(qi)、送出工程建設、并網(wang)(wang)、運行(xing)(xing)、交易、結算(suan)、后(hou)評估等全流程工作統(tong)一管(guan)(guan)理(li)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)全環節業(ye)務(wu)在線管(guan)(guan)理(li)、在線統(tong)計(ji)、在線分析、在線決策和(he)(he)大(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)分析，不斷(duan)提(ti)升新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)水平和(he)(he)效率(lv)。“我們制(zhi)定了30項措施落實(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)，致力(li)于實(shi)(shi)現(xian)‘雙(shuang)棄’不超(chao)過5%的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標，利用(yong)互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)、大(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)等技術(shu)進行(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)分析，力(li)求為國家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)供科學決策依據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。”劉勁松說。