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摘要：塔(ta)式太陽(yang)能(neng)光熱(re)發電站中，熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)是工程的(de)(de)重要(yao)組成部分(fen)，其設計(ji)(ji)方案對工程成本(ben)影(ying)響巨大，從(cong)價值工程的(de)(de)角度(du)，對其進(jin)行合理的(de)(de)優(you)化設計(ji)(ji)具有重要(yao)意(yi)義。通(tong)過青海某光熱(re)項目(mu)實踐，在對已建項目(mu)熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)設計(ji)(ji)方案分(fen)析(xi)研(yan)究的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，從(cong)降(jiang)(jiang)低熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)死液位下(xia)冗余設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)角度(du)，提出了多種設計(ji)(ji)優(you)化方案，能(neng)夠有效降(jiang)(jiang)低此類工程的(de)(de)建設成本(ben)。

關鍵詞：塔式光熱(re)(re)電(dian)站;熔鹽儲熱(re)(re)系統;設計優化

前言

隨著國(guo)家“雙碳”戰略目標的(de)(de)提出，中國(guo)正(zheng)在加(jia)速構建新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)。作(zuo)為(wei)一種清潔電(dian)力(li)以(yi)及有效解決(jue)新(xin)能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)波動(dong)性問題(ti)的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟路徑，太(tai)陽能光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)成(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)內電(dian)力(li)行業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)新(xin)方(fang)向(xiang)。太(tai)陽能光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)站(zhan)(見圖1)是通過(guo)(guo)聚光(guang)集熱系(xi)統(tong)捕獲并聚集太(tai)陽能后傳(chuan)熱至(zhi)高(gao)溫熱流體，再(zai)通過(guo)(guo)熔鹽儲熱系(xi)統(tong)和換熱系(xi)統(tong)傳(chuan)熱至(zhi)高(gao)溫高(gao)壓蒸汽(qi)，從而驅動(dong)傳(chuan)統(tong)汽(qi)輪機來發(fa)電(dian)，具有可儲熱、可調(diao)峰、可穩定輸出和可非日照時發(fa)電(dian)等優點。

圖 1 某(mou)塔式光熱(re)電站(zhan)實(shi)景

熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)(chu)熱(re)(re)系統(tong)(tong)是塔(ta)式光熱(re)(re)電站(zhan)關鍵環節之一，能(neng)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)提(ti)供能(neng)量在(zai)(zai)時間上(shang)的(de)(de)延遲供給，保障系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)有效(xiao)運(yun)行(xing)，其對整個光熱(re)(re)發電項目的(de)(de)工程(cheng)成(cheng)本、安全及可靠運(yun)行(xing)影(ying)響極大(da)。目前(qian)國(guo)內現有熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)(chu)熱(re)(re)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)研(yan)究成(cheng)果中，對于熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)基礎設(she)(she)計(ji)、結(jie)構(gou)強度(du)分析(xi)、溫度(du)場分析(xi)、散(san)熱(re)(re)損(sun)失分析(xi)和(he)建造質(zhi)量管(guan)理方面的(de)(de)研(yan)究成(cheng)果較多，對于儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)方案和(he)體型的(de)(de)創新(xin)和(he)優化研(yan)究目前(qian)尚未涉及。本文通過青海(hai)某光熱(re)(re)項目實踐，在(zai)(zai)對已(yi)建項目熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)設(she)(she)計(ji)方案分析(xi)研(yan)究的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，從降低(di)熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)死(si)液位下冗余設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)角度(du)，提(ti)出多種(zhong)設(she)(she)計(ji)優化方案，為有效(xiao)降低(di)此(ci)類工程(cheng)建設(she)(she)成(cheng)本提(ti)供借鑒。

1、儲罐概況

調(diao)研青海(hai)某光熱(re)(re)項目(mu)(見圖(tu)2)和其它(ta)國內已建光熱(re)(re)項目(mu)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)典型設(she)計方案(an)發(fa)現，目(mu)前國內主流儲(chu)熱(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)設(she)計采用高/低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)的(de)雙(shuang)罐(guan)(guan)設(she)計方案(an)。低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)從(cong)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)罐(guan)(guan)中通(tong)(tong)過(guo)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)泵(beng)抽送(song)至吸熱(re)(re)器中,吸收熱(re)(re)量變為高溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)后(hou),進(jin)(jin)入(ru)高溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)罐(guan)(guan)中儲(chu)存(cun),發(fa)電時通(tong)(tong)過(guo)高溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)泵(beng)送(song)至換(huan)熱(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong),與汽水進(jin)(jin)行換(huan)熱(re)(re)后(hou),溫(wen)(wen)度降低(di)(di)變為低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan),進(jin)(jin)入(ru)到低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)儲(chu)存(cun)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)高溫(wen)(wen)與低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)間的(de)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)循環往復流動,實現儲(chu)熱(re)(re)和放熱(re)(re)功能(neng)。儲(chu)熱(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)如圖(tu)3所示。

圖 2 某塔式光熱電站熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)熱系統建設實(shi)景(jing)

圖 3 塔式光熱電站(zhan)熔鹽儲熱系統

由于熔(rong)鹽儲罐底部采用近似(si)平底設計,熔(rong)鹽泵下插至罐底時須(xu)預留(liu)0.5~1.0 m不等的(de)(de)最低(di)操作液(ye)位(wei),此液(ye)位(wei)以下的(de)(de)熔(rong)鹽不能充分參與(yu)系(xi)統循(xun)環,處于無功效(xiao)狀態。對于裝機規模(mo)達到100 MW及以上的(de)(de)塔式(shi)光熱(re)電站(zhan),熔(rong)鹽儲罐往往體積很大,直徑(jing)30~50 m,熔(rong)鹽儲量過萬(wan)噸,成本過億,儲罐死液(ye)位(wei)占用了熔(rong)鹽儲熱(re)系(xi)統的(de)(de)工(gong)程成本,對造(zao)價影(ying)響(xiang)大。

從價(jia)值(zhi)工程原理講,在確保(bao)功能不變(bian)的前提(ti)下減少(shao)成(cheng)本,是實現價(jia)值(zhi)提(ti)高(gao)的有(you)(you)效(xiao)途(tu)徑,有(you)(you)必(bi)要(yao)對熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)的設計(ji)方(fang)案優化給(gei)予足(zu)夠的重視(shi)。本文通過(guo)青海某國家示范(fan)性光熱項(xiang)目實踐,對已(yi)建(jian)項(xiang)目熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)設計(ji)方(fang)案進行了分析,從降(jiang)低熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)最低操作液位的角度,創新和優化熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)設計(ji)方(fang)案,減少(shao)工程熔鹽(yan)用量,以降(jiang)低工程建(jian)設成(cheng)本,提(ti)升系統價(jia)值(zhi),經濟效(xiao)益顯著。

2、典型項目優化流程

以某裝機容量為100 MW的(de)典型(xing)塔(ta)式(shi)太陽能光熱發電(dian)站(zhan)為研究對象,引入(ru)PDCA管(guan)理(li)循環的(de)工作

程序,開展熔鹽儲罐的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)優(you)化(hua)探討。PDCA設(she)(she)計(ji)優(you)化(hua)循環分Plan、Do、Check和Ac鄄tion 4個(ge)階段(duan)和8個(ge)事(shi)項,按照順序依次開展工作,PDCA設(she)(she)計(ji)優(you)化(hua)循環如圖(tu)4所示。

圖 4 PDCA 設計(ji)優化循環

將此循(xun)環流程應用(yong)在(zai)研究項目(mu)熔(rong)鹽儲熱系統設(she)計優化上,具體過(guo)程詳見表1。

3、設計優化方案對比

二元(yuan)(yuan)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)和(he)高、低(di)(di)(di)溫熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罐(guan)是(shi)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)熱(re)系(xi)統成本(ben)最重要的組成部分(fen),是(shi)降低(di)(di)(di)系(xi)統成本(ben)和(he)實現價值的關鍵。研究(jiu)項目(mu)高、低(di)(di)(di)溫熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罐(guan)罐(guan)壁(bi)高度(du)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)15 m,熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)高度(du)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)13.65 m。低(di)(di)(di)溫熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罐(guan)直徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)35.5 m,最低(di)(di)(di)操(cao)作(zuo)液位0.75 m,高溫熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罐(guan)直徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)36.6 m,最低(di)(di)(di)操(cao)作(zuo)液位0.5 m。依據PD鄄(juan)CA設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)優化循環流(liu)(liu)(liu)程,以典型(xing)(xing)塔式(shi)太陽(yang)能(neng)光熱(re)發電站(zhan)主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罐(guan)系(xi)統設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方案為(wei)(wei)基礎,從改(gai)變罐(guan)底(di)體型(xing)(xing)以降低(di)(di)(di)最低(di)(di)(di)操(cao)作(zuo)液位角度(du)進(jin)行創新,以典型(xing)(xing)塔式(shi)太陽(yang)能(neng)光熱(re)發電站(zhan)主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罐(guan)系(xi)統設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方案為(wei)(wei)基礎,提出4種不(bu)同(tong)技術路線的優化方案。研究(jiu)項目(mu)常(chang)規設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方案二元(yuan)(yuan)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)用(yong)(yong)量26 000 t,二元(yuan)(yuan)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)單價按6 700元(yuan)(yuan)/t計(ji)(ji)(ji)算,二元(yuan)(yuan)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)總成本(ben)1.742億元(yuan)(yuan)。低(di)(di)(di)溫熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罐(guan)1臺,成本(ben)3 500萬元(yuan)(yuan);高溫熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罐(guan)1臺,成本(ben)5 900萬元(yuan)(yuan)/臺。由(you)于最低(di)(di)(di)操(cao)作(zuo)液位以下熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)未有效(xiao)進(jin)行系(xi)統循環,此(ci)部分(fen)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)用(yong)(yong)量高達2 320 t,4種方案(見圖5)以不(bu)同(tong)的罐(guan)底(di)體型(xing)(xing)進(jin)行了(le)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)優化,將操(cao)作(zuo)液位控制在局部體型(xing)(xing)范圍內,從而減少了(le)系(xi)統二元(yuan)(yuan)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)總用(yong)(yong)量。

圖 5 熔鹽(yan)儲熱系(xi)統(tong)設計 4 種優化方案

方案1：多點局(ju)部(bu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)設(she)計(ji)(ji)。考(kao)慮最低(di)操(cao)作液(ye)位(wei)要(yao)求(qiu),將儲罐底部(bu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)多點局(ju)部(bu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)結(jie)構(gou)。即在(zai)每(mei)個(ge)熔(rong)鹽(yan)泵(beng)與儲罐底部(bu)配合位(wei)置設(she)計(ji)(ji)局(ju)部(bu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)結(jie)構(gou),各個(ge)熔(rong)鹽(yan)泵(beng)對應(ying)的(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)結(jie)構(gou)互相(xiang)獨(du)立，各泵(beng)對應(ying)點的(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)高(gao)度(du)以滿足最低(di)操(cao)作液(ye)位(wei)要(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)則(ze),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)平面布(bu)置以泵(beng)軸為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心局(ju)部(bu)擴(kuo)大(da),為(wei)(wei)(wei)泵(beng)正(zheng)常工作和熔(rong)鹽(yan)回流(liu)預留足夠空間,多點下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)結(jie)構(gou)之間互不聯通。

方案2：連(lian)通(tong)凹(ao)槽下(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)設(she)(she)計(ji)。考(kao)慮最(zui)低(di)操作液(ye)位(wei)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)和熔(rong)(rong)鹽流動性需求(qiu)(qiu),將儲罐底部設(she)(she)計(ji)為(wei)連(lian)通(tong)凹(ao)槽下(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)結(jie)構(gou)。即在(zai)(zai)每個(ge)熔(rong)(rong)鹽泵(beng)與儲罐底部配合位(wei)置設(she)(she)計(ji)下(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)結(jie)構(gou),各(ge)下(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)式結(jie)構(gou)之間相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)連(lian)通(tong)。連(lian)通(tong)凹(ao)槽各(ge)個(ge)泵(beng)對應點的(de)下(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)高度以滿足最(zui)低(di)操作液(ye)位(wei)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)原則,平面上以泵(beng)軸為(wei)中心(xin)局部擴(kuo)大,熔(rong)(rong)鹽可(ke)在(zai)(zai)連(lian)通(tong)凹(ao)槽之間相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)流動。

方案3：局部(bu)(bu)漸(jian)變(bian)下(xia)(xia)沉(chen)設(she)計(ji)。考慮(lv)最(zui)低操作液位(wei)(wei)要(yao)求(qiu)和(he)儲(chu)罐結(jie)構體型(xing)的平滑過(guo)(guo)渡需(xu)求(qiu),將儲(chu)罐底部(bu)(bu)與熔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)泵對接(jie)區(qu)域設(she)計(ji)為局部(bu)(bu)漸(jian)變(bian)式下(xia)(xia)沉(chen)結(jie)構,每個熔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)泵與儲(chu)罐底部(bu)(bu)配合位(wei)(wei)置均位(wei)(wei)于漸(jian)變(bian)式下(xia)(xia)沉(chen)結(jie)構的深液位(wei)(wei)區(qu),高低液位(wei)(wei)區(qu)之間采用平滑過(guo)(guo)渡,熔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)可從(cong)高液位(wei)(wei)區(qu)流動到低液位(wei)(wei)區(qu),再(zai)被各(ge)熔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)泵從(cong)罐內(nei)抽出至其它各(ge)系統(tong)。

方案4：罐(guan)外下沉(chen)小(xiao)罐(guan)設計(ji)。考慮熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲罐(guan)直徑(jing)大,為降低(di)罐(guan)底最低(di)操作液位以下熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)的浪費,熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲熱(re)系(xi)統在高、低(di)溫(wen)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲罐(guan)外增設下沉(chen)小(xiao)罐(guan),高、低(di)溫(wen)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲罐(guan)與下沉(chen)小(xiao)罐(guan)之間結(jie)構獨立但通過底部管路連通,系(xi)統循環時,使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)先流出至小(xiao)罐(guan),再從小(xiao)罐(guan)內(nei)用泵(beng)抽出至其它(ta)各系(xi)統。

總體而言,方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)1~4通(tong)過不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式,降低(di)了常規設計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)最低(di)操作液位以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)冗余熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan),節(jie)省(sheng)二元熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)總用(yong)量,降低(di)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)整體高(gao)度,從而節(jie)省(sheng)了工程成(cheng)本(ben)。與常規設計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)對(dui)比,方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)1~3均采(cai)用(yong)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)底板(ban)下沉式設計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)思(si)路(lu),由于技(ji)(ji)術路(lu)線的(de)(de)(de)差異,一方(fang)(fang)面會引起(qi)節(jie)省(sheng)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)用(yong)量和(he)(he)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong);另一方(fang)(fang)面,不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)下沉結構,對(dui)應(ying)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)底板(ban)在(zai)下沉位置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)流動(dong)性和(he)(he)適應(ying)溫度變(bian)化(hua)能(neng)力(li)會有所不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)4采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)外下沉小罐(guan)(guan)(guan)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)理念,能(neng)夠(gou)避免(mian)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)底板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)下沉設計(ji)(ji)(ji),但會額(e)外增加小罐(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)(he)附屬管路(lu),但會減少熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)泵的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。為全面反映以(yi)上(shang)4種優(you)(you)化(hua)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)在(zai)經(jing)濟和(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術上(shang)與常規設計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)區別,將優(you)(you)化(hua)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)與常規設計(ji)(ji)(ji)技(ji)(ji)術經(jing)濟對(dui)比分析(xi),具體見表(biao)2。

從(cong)對比結(jie)果可(ke)知,4種方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)可(ke)節(jie)省研究項目熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)熱系統成本分布(bu)在1 322萬~1 761萬元,經濟效益顯著。從(cong)節(jie)省成本的角度(du)講(jiang)(jiang),方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)1最(zui)佳(jia),方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)2次之(zhi),方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)3再次之(zhi),方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)4一(yi)般;從(cong)罐(guan)底熔(rong)鹽(yan)的流動性講(jiang)(jiang),方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)3和方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)4最(zui)佳(jia),方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)2次之(zhi),方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)1一(yi)般;從(cong)熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)底部對溫度(du)變化的適應性講(jiang)(jiang),方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)3最(zui)佳(jia),方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)2次之(zhi),方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)1和方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)4一(yi)般。總之(zhi),4種方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)從(cong)不同的技術路(lu)徑,創新了熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)熱系統,與常規設計方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)對比各有(you)(you)其特點,但(dan)均能夠有(you)(you)效減少項目二元熔(rong)鹽(yan)用量和降低項目的建設成本。

4、結論

熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)(guan)的設計(ji)(ji)方(fang)案對塔式太陽能(neng)光(guang)熱發電站的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成本影響巨(ju)大,從(cong)價值工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的角(jiao)度(du),對其(qi)進行合理的優化(hua)設計(ji)(ji),具有重(zhong)要意義。本文從(cong)降低熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)(guan)最(zui)低操(cao)作液位(wei)的角(jiao)度(du),創新和優化(hua)了熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)(guan)設計(ji)(ji)方(fang)案,能(neng)夠減(jian)少工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熔(rong)鹽(yan)用量(liang)、降低建設成本、提(ti)升系統(tong)價值,經濟效(xiao)益(yi)顯著,可為后續類似(si)光(guang)熱項目熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)(guan)的建設提(ti)供參考。主要結論如下:

(1)通過引(yin)入了(le)PDCA管理循環(huan)的(de)工作程序,從(cong)減少熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)最低操(cao)作液(ye)位的(de)角度提出了(le)設(she)(she)計(ji)優化思(si)路。以典(dian)型塔(ta)式太陽能(neng)光熱發電站主流熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)罐(guan)系統設(she)(she)計(ji)方案為基礎,從(cong)改變(bian)罐(guan)底局部體型的(de)角度提4種不同的(de)優化設(she)(she)計(ji)方案。

(2)優化方案對熔鹽泵處(chu)罐(guan)底(di)局部體(ti)型(xing)進行了創(chuang)新,以局部空間的(de)改變(bian)適(shi)(shi)應熔鹽泵最(zui)低(di)操作(zuo)液(ye)位的(de)要求(qiu),從(cong)而避免罐(guan)底(di)整體(ti)空間因適(shi)(shi)應最(zui)低(di)操作(zuo)液(ye)位要求(qiu)造(zao)成的(de)設計冗余(yu)。從(cong)節省成本(ben)、罐(guan)底(di)熔鹽流動(dong)性和(he)溫度變(bian)化適(shi)(shi)應性方面,推薦(jian)方案3。

此(ci)次開展的(de)塔式(shi)光熱電(dian)站熔鹽儲熱系統(tong)設(she)計優化理念探討成(cheng)果具(ju)有(you)(you)顯著的(de)技術經(jing)濟效益,能夠有(you)(you)效降低此(ci)類工程的(de)建設(she)成(cheng)本,對于類似項目的(de)設(she)計優化及管理工作具(ju)有(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)指導意義。

作者：許立國，祁(qi)林攀，沈亞軍，戴雨(yu)薇