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能(neng)源(yuan)電力是(shi)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)基礎。近年來，在(zai)習近平總(zong)書記“四(si)個(ge)革命、一個(ge)合作”能(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)戰略指引下，我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)電力行業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)取得舉世矚目的(de)成就，有力支撐了(le)我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟社會發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時代新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)征(zheng)程上，能(neng)源(yuan)電力行業進入(ru)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階段，面(mian)臨新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)勢新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)挑戰，也同樣蘊含新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)機(ji)遇新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。我(wo)們要深入(ru)貫徹落實(shi)黨中央決(jue)策部署，統(tong)籌發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和安全(quan)，加快建(jian)設新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時代能(neng)源(yuan)電力強國(guo)，積極構建(jian)清(qing)潔(jie)低碳、安全(quan)高效的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型能(neng)源(yuan)體系，為(wei)中國(guo)式現代化建(jian)設提供堅強能(neng)源(yuan)保障。

一、深刻認識能源電力行業發展新形勢

習近平總(zong)(zong)書記多次強調(diao)，“能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)飯碗必須端在自己手里(li)”。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)障國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)經濟問題，也(ye)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家戰(zhan)略問題和(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際戰(zhan)略問題。新時代(dai)十年，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)煤(mei)、油、氣、核、可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)多輪驅動的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)不斷(duan)完善，煤(mei)炭先進(jin)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)序釋放，油氣行業持續增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)儲上產(chan)(chan)，核電(dian)裝機規模(mo)(mo)穩步(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長，可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實現跨越式發展(zhan)。全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一次能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)總(zong)(zong)量從(cong)2012年的(de)(de)(de)33億(yi)噸標(biao)準煤(mei)，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長至2022年的(de)(de)(de)46.6億(yi)噸標(biao)準煤(mei)，有(you)力(li)(li)支撐了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自給(gei)率(lv)保(bao)(bao)持在80%以(yi)上。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給(gei)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)質量顯著(zhu)提升，有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)(bao)障了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟社會(hui)發展(zhan)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)需求。但與此同時，持續保(bao)(bao)障能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)供給(gei)的(de)(de)(de)難度(du)也(ye)在不斷(duan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供需平衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)難度(du)加大。2022年，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費總(zong)(zong)量54.1億(yi)噸標(biao)準煤(mei)，居世界第一，但我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人均能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費量僅(jin)為經合組織成員國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)65%，不足美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)40%。今(jin)后一段時期，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費總(zong)(zong)量仍將持續剛性(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長。受制(zhi)于資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟(bing)賦，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)局(ju)部緊張問題時有(you)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)穩定運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)(li)提升。2023年上半年，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)裝機規模(mo)(mo)突破13億(yi)千(qian)瓦，占(zhan)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)(zong)裝機的(de)(de)(de)48.8%，未來仍將高(gao)速增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長，高(gao)比例可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)高(gao)比例電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)子設備接(jie)入的(de)(de)(de)“雙高(gao)”特征與系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)尖峰負(fu)荷(he)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長較快(kuai)、新型負(fu)荷(he)隨(sui)機性(xing)強的(de)(de)(de)影響日趨顯著(zhu)，各(ge)類靈活(huo)調(diao)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)建設滯(zhi)后，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)平衡(heng)問題更(geng)加突出。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)石油、天然氣進(jin)口量均居世界第一，對外依存度(du)分別超過70%和(he)(he)(he)(he)40%，在能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成為大國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)博弈的(de)(de)(de)焦點問題大環境下，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)口安全(quan)風險顯著(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)。同時，極端天氣發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)強度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)頻率(lv)持續增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加，網絡(luo)安全(quan)等(deng)非傳統(tong)安全(quan)問題日益(yi)顯著(zhu)。

習近平(ping)總書記指出：“綠(lv)(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，這是(shi)潮(chao)流趨(qu)勢(shi)，順之(zhi)者昌(chang)。”推進中國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，走發(fa)達(da)(da)國(guo)家(jia)高(gao)耗能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)的(de)老路(lu)行(xing)不(bu)通，延(yan)續過去主(zhu)要靠化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)路(lu)子也很難持久(jiu)。新(xin)時(shi)代十年(nian)(nian)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)業綠(lv)(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)轉型(xing)(xing)深(shen)入推進，非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)速，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏、生物質(zhi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機規模(mo)和在建核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機規模(mo)穩(wen)居世界第(di)一，2022年(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費比重(zhong)達(da)(da)到17.5%，比2012年(nian)(nian)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了7.8個百分(fen)點。化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)效清潔利用，煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“三改聯動(dong)”改造規模(mo)超過4.85億千瓦，90%以(yi)上(shang)的(de)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組達(da)(da)到與(yu)(yu)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相(xiang)當的(de)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)水平(ping)，全(quan)國(guo)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠平(ping)均(jun)(jun)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標準煤(mei)(mei)耗從(cong)2012年(nian)(nian)的(de)326克(ke)/千瓦時(shi)降(jiang)低(di)至2022年(nian)(nian)的(de)300.7克(ke)/千瓦時(shi)。但與(yu)(yu)此同時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)業綠(lv)(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)轉型(xing)(xing)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)也前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)所未有(you)(you)。全(quan)球氣(qi)溫升(sheng)高(gao)趨(qu)勢(shi)明(ming)(ming)顯。2022年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)球平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫比工業化(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)高(gao)出約(yue)1.15攝(she)氏度(du)(du)，今年(nian)(nian)7月以(yi)來，全(quan)球平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫已多次創歷(li)史新(xin)高(gao)。聯合國(guo)政(zheng)府間(jian)(jian)氣(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)專門委員會(hui)指出，為(wei)將全(quan)球溫升(sheng)控(kong)制在1.5攝(she)氏度(du)(du)以(yi)內，仍能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)的(de)二氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)總量(liang)僅剩2500億噸，如保持目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)水平(ping)，僅相(xiang)當于(yu)不(bu)足7年(nian)(nian)的(de)全(quan)球二氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)總量(liang)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)業是(shi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)“雙碳(tan)(tan)”目(mu)標的(de)主(zhu)戰場。我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)承諾實(shi)現(xian)(xian)從(cong)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)到碳(tan)(tan)中和的(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)只有(you)(you)30年(nian)(nian)，遠遠短于(yu)發(fa)達(da)(da)國(guo)家(jia)，碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)強度(du)(du)下降(jiang)幅度(du)(du)之(zhi)大、難度(du)(du)之(zhi)大，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)所未有(you)(you)。而能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)活動(dong)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)最主(zhu)要的(de)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)業承擔了最繁重(zhong)的(de)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)任務。加快構建以(yi)非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)，既有(you)(you)助于(yu)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)“雙碳(tan)(tan)”目(mu)標，又能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)低(di)對(dui)化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)依賴。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型(xing)(xing)是(shi)生態文明(ming)(ming)建設的(de)關(guan)鍵環節。當前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)生態環境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護(hu)結構性、根(gen)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性、趨(qu)勢(shi)性壓(ya)力(li)(li)尚未根(gen)本緩解，生態文明(ming)(ming)建設仍處于(yu)壓(ya)力(li)(li)疊加、負(fu)重(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)行(xing)的(de)關(guan)鍵期。面對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)活動(dong)與(yu)(yu)生態環境(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)緊密(mi)關(guan)系(xi)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)必須(xu)站在人與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和諧共生的(de)高(gao)度(du)(du)，全(quan)面謀劃能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)業高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，破解資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)約(yue)束。

習近平(ping)總(zong)書(shu)記指(zhi)出(chu)，“實(shi)(shi)施創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)驅動發(fa)展(zhan)戰略，是(shi)加(jia)(jia)快轉(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)方式(shi)、提高(gao)我(wo)國(guo)綜合國(guo)力(li)和(he)(he)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)競爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)要求和(he)(he)戰略舉措”。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)新(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪(lun)科技(ji)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)和(he)(he)產業(ye)(ye)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)突破(po)口，我(wo)國(guo)在其中的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些基礎(chu)研究(jiu)領(ling)域(yu)和(he)(he)前沿科技(ji)領(ling)域(yu)還(huan)存(cun)在亟待突破(po)的(de)(de)(de)短(duan)板弱項。新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代十年，我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)實(shi)(shi)力(li)顯著增(zeng)強，風(feng)電(dian)、光(guang)伏技(ji)術(shu)達到國(guo)際(ji)(ji)先進水平(ping)，全(quan)球(qiu)首(shou)臺(tai)16兆瓦超大容量海上風(feng)電(dian)機(ji)組并網(wang)發(fa)電(dian)，各類(lei)電(dian)池(chi)轉(zhuan)換效率多次刷新(xin)(xin)世界(jie)紀錄，有(you)(you)力(li)支(zhi)撐了我(wo)國(guo)風(feng)機(ji)、光(guang)伏電(dian)池(chi)產量和(he)(he)裝機(ji)規(gui)模(mo)穩居世界(jie)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。核能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領(ling)域(yu)經過長(chang)期研發(fa),形成了具有(you)(you)自主知識(shi)產權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)“華龍一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)號”“國(guo)和(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)號”等(deng)先進核電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)品牌。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術(shu)、新(xin)(xin)模(mo)式(shi)、新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)態，正加(jia)(jia)速(su)進入商業(ye)(ye)化示范(fan)。但(dan)與(yu)此同時(shi)，我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)需求也(ye)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)迫切。我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些核心材料、關鍵部(bu)件(jian)、底層軟件(jian)仍依(yi)賴進口，大型燃氣輪(lun)機(ji)等(deng)技(ji)術(shu)裝備仍存(cun)在短(duan)板，行(xing)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)面臨(lin)“卡脖子(zi)”風(feng)險(xian)。低(di)碳(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成為國(guo)際(ji)(ji)競爭(zheng)新(xin)(xin)賽(sai)道(dao)。全(quan)球(qiu)新(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪(lun)科技(ji)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)和(he)(he)產業(ye)(ye)變(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)方興未艾，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綠(lv)色化趨勢(shi)加(jia)(jia)速(su)演(yan)進，先進的(de)(de)(de)低(di)碳(tan)、零碳(tan)、負碳(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)成為國(guo)際(ji)(ji)競爭(zheng)熱點。率先實(shi)(shi)現科技(ji)突破(po)，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)搶占全(quan)球(qiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)先機(ji)，掌(zhang)握先發(fa)優勢(shi)，引領(ling)世界(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)低(di)碳(tan)轉(zhuan)型，塑造國(guo)際(ji)(ji)競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)優勢(shi)，提升(sheng)全(quan)球(qiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)治理體系的(de)(de)(de)話語權(quan)。數(shu)字化技(ji)術(shu)深刻(ke)影(ying)響(xiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。“云大物移智鏈”等(deng)先進技(ji)術(shu)加(jia)(jia)速(su)與(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域(yu)深度(du)融合發(fa)展(zhan)，在能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產供儲銷各環節發(fa)展(zhan)出(chu)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)場景、新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)模(mo)式(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)復雜程度(du)指(zhi)數(shu)級增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，同時(shi)，可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)波動性、隨機(ji)性，使系統(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荷實(shi)(shi)時(shi)匹配(pei)難度(du)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，更(geng)加(jia)(jia)需要以數(shu)字化科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)為支(zhi)撐，建設(she)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系。

二、準確把握能源電力行業發展新機遇

習近平總書記(ji)在黨的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十大(da)報(bao)告中(zhong)明確提出，實現碳(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和是(shi)一場廣泛而深刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟社會系(xi)統(tong)性變革。這是(shi)以習近平同志為核(he)心的(de)(de)(de)黨中(zhong)央統(tong)籌(chou)國內國際兩個大(da)局作出的(de)(de)(de)重大(da)戰略決策，是(shi)著力解(jie)決資(zi)源環境約束(shu)突出問(wen)題、實現中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族永續(xu)發展的(de)(de)(de)必然選(xuan)擇，是(shi)構建人類命運共同體的(de)(de)(de)莊嚴(yan)承諾(nuo)。隨著碳(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和進(jin)程穩妥有序(xu)推(tui)進(jin)，綠色電(dian)力需求量將持續(xu)增(zeng)加，電(dian)力邁入高速發展新(xin)時代，加快(kuai)建設能源電(dian)力強國迎來(lai)良好機遇(yu)。

多能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)互補(bu)，構(gou)建(jian)多元化(hua)(hua)綠色(se)(se)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)結構(gou)。為實(shi)現(xian)安(an)全穩定(ding)可靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)綠色(se)(se)電力(li)(li)(li)供應(ying)，需構(gou)建(jian)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高占比(bi)逐(zhu)步提升的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型電力(li)(li)(li)系統。新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)從過去的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)充性(xing)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)逐(zhu)步成(cheng)為提供電力(li)(li)(li)電量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)主體(ti)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，將(jiang)持續跨越式發展。到(dao)2030年(nian)，我國(guo)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機有(you)望(wang)突破20億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦，達(da)到(dao)當前規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。傳統煤電作為我國(guo)電力(li)(li)(li)供應(ying)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要支撐，逐(zhu)步向基礎保障性(xing)和系統調節性(xing)并重(zhong)轉(zhuan)型，2025年(nian)煤電裝機將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)14億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦，2030年(nian)達(da)到(dao)15.3億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦。作為電力(li)(li)(li)系統的(de)(de)(de)“穩定(ding)器”與(yu)“調節器”，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)也將(jiang)迎來大規模(mo)發展，到(dao)2030年(nian)新(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)規模(mo)將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)1.9億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦，達(da)到(dao)當前的(de)(de)(de)22倍；抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)規模(mo)達(da)到(dao)2.4億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦，達(da)到(dao)當前的(de)(de)(de)5倍。氫能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作為零(ling)碳(tan)(tan)原材料(liao)、零(ling)碳(tan)(tan)高密度燃料(liao)、零(ling)碳(tan)(tan)超長時儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、零(ling)碳(tan)(tan)高品位二次能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，是(shi)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)終(zhong)端實(shi)現(xian)綠色(se)(se)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)型的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要載體(ti)，到(dao)2025年(nian)，可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制氫量(liang)將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)10萬—20萬噸/年(nian)，實(shi)現(xian)二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)減排100萬—200萬噸/年(nian)；到(dao)2030年(nian)，將(jiang)形成(cheng)較(jiao)為完備的(de)(de)(de)氫能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產業技術(shu)創新(xin)(xin)體(ti)系、清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制氫及供應(ying)體(ti)系。

跨區(qu)輸(shu)送(song)，打造(zao)清潔能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)域供需協調新布局。大電(dian)網作為能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力流(liu)動的(de)(de)載體(ti)，具(ju)備跨省(sheng)跨區(qu)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優(you)化配置優(you)勢，以特(te)高(gao)壓輸(shu)變電(dian)線(xian)路為載體(ti)建設新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給消納體(ti)系，優(you)化交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)網架(jia)結構(gou)，打造(zao)大規(gui)模(mo)(mo)“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)東送(song)”“北電(dian)南送(song)”新格(ge)局的(de)(de)進程將持續提速。到2025年(nian)，我國特(te)高(gao)壓直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)預計達到23回(hui)，交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)合計達到38回(hui)；到2030年(nian)，特(te)高(gao)壓直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)將超過42回(hui)，交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)合計達到80回(hui)，比當前至少翻(fan)一番。另外，如(ru)何更高(gao)效(xiao)便(bian)捷地把西(xi)(xi)部的(de)(de)綠(lv)氫（氨(an)）運送(song)到東部市場需求旺盛的(de)(de)區(qu)域，經濟高(gao)效(xiao)地實現大規(gui)模(mo)(mo)“西(xi)(xi)氫東送(song)”，完善氫（氨(an)）能(neng)產業(ye)(ye)制(zhi)、儲、輸(shu)、用全產業(ye)(ye)鏈，也(ye)將是發展新階段賦予能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)新課題。

就(jiu)地(di)(di)(di)利用(yong)，拓展(zhan)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)全方位開發(fa)利用(yong)新(xin)場景。在(zai)充分開發(fa)利用(yong)和跨區消(xiao)納新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，更應積極(ji)(ji)拓展(zhan)分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開發(fa)場景，深度挖掘消(xiao)費(fei)端清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)就(jiu)地(di)(di)(di)開發(fa)，實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)“從(cong)(cong)遠方來”與“從(cong)(cong)身(shen)邊來”協(xie)同(tong)(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)。分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏可因地(di)(di)(di)制宜實現太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)就(jiu)地(di)(di)(di)開發(fa)利用(yong)，有效(xiao)替代和減少(shao)化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)，減少(shao)傳輸損耗(hao)，節省土地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)；到2025年分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏累(lei)計裝(zhuang)機容量有望達到2.3億-2.5億千瓦。海洋也(ye)是清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)富集地(di)(di)(di)，各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)出臺的(de)“十四五”期間(jian)海上風電發(fa)展(zhan)規劃規模已達8000萬(wan)千瓦，到2030年累(lei)計裝(zhuang)機將(jiang)超過(guo)2億千瓦。此外，在(zai)堅持(chi)生(sheng)態優先(xian)、確保安全的(de)前提下，海上光伏、沿海核電、潮汐能(neng)(neng)(neng)、波浪(lang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等具有較高發(fa)展(zhan)潛力的(de)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，也(ye)將(jiang)得到積極(ji)(ji)有序建設(she)開發(fa)。

三、科學謀劃能源電力行業發展新方向

集約高效(xiao)(xiao)，升級可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)模(mo)式(shi)。為(wei)(wei)優化(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生產結(jie)構(gou)，必須改變現有(you)的可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)模(mo)式(shi)，統籌協調(diao)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規模(mo)、電(dian)(dian)網接納(na)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力和土(tu)地(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)約束，完善可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)改造升級和退役(yi)管(guan)理，推動我國非(fei)(fei)化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)從裝機(ji)占比過半(ban)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高至發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量占比過半(ban)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)主體電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，加快實現我國新增用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)全(quan)部由非(fei)(fei)化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供。推動深(shen)遠海(hai)(hai)、高空(kong)等(deng)區域風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)利用(yong)。研究(jiu)并示(shi)范(fan)應用(yong)超大型(xing)風機(ji)、漂浮式(shi)基(ji)礎、系泊系統等(deng)關鍵技術，推動海(hai)(hai)上風電(dian)(dian)向深(shen)海(hai)(hai)遠洋(yang)布(bu)(bu)局發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展。創新開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)模(mo)式(shi)，擴(kuo)展海(hai)(hai)上風電(dian)(dian)與(yu)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)牧場、海(hai)(hai)水淡化(hua)、制(zhi)氫(qing)儲氫(qing)結(jie)合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展。探索開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)高空(kong)風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)大型(xing)高效(xiao)(xiao)高空(kong)風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系統，大幅提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。推動光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)規模(mo)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展。充分(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮光(guang)(guang)熱電(dian)(dian)站連續發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)和靈活調(diao)峰(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，規模(mo)化(hua)布(bu)(bu)局大型(xing)光(guang)(guang)熱電(dian)(dian)站，滿(man)足電(dian)(dian)力頂峰(feng)負荷需求，有(you)力支(zhi)撐(cheng)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大基(ji)地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)力外(wai)送。加快研究(jiu)超臨界二氧化(hua)碳(tan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)技術與(yu)光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)大型(xing)化(hua)技術耦(ou)合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高光(guang)(guang)熱電(dian)(dian)站運(yun)行效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。

多儲(chu)(chu)聯調(diao)(diao)，提(ti)升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)彈性韌性。統(tong)(tong)籌多種類型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)建(jian)設，多時間(jian)尺度(du)、跨區(qu)域分(fen)布的(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)協同發力(li)(li)，提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)調(diao)(diao)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，解決能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)總量(liang)有(you)余、頂峰(feng)(feng)不(bu)足的(de)(de)時間(jian)不(bu)平(ping)衡問(wen)題，突出儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)保(bao)(bao)障能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)安(an)全(quan)、提(ti)升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)等方(fang)面的(de)(de)重要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。分(fen)場景加速布局電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)端(duan)，大(da)型(xing)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)地配(pei)置儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)平(ping)穩輸出，提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網對可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)接(jie)納能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組配(pei)置儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，火儲(chu)(chu)聯調(diao)(diao)增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)調(diao)(diao)頻能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，降低煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組損耗(hao)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網端(duan)，在(zai)負(fu)荷中心附近建(jian)設抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等大(da)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網運行(xing)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)、調(diao)(diao)頻、備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、黑(hei)啟動等多種服務(wu)，緩解供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓力(li)(li)，保(bao)(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網運行(xing)安(an)全(quan)；用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)端(duan)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶側配(pei)儲(chu)(chu)保(bao)(bao)障極端(duan)情況(kuang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)安(an)全(quan)，加強需(xu)求側響應(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，降低用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成本。提(ti)高化(hua)石(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實物儲(chu)(chu)備(bei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。推進煤(mei)(mei)炭、原(yuan)油、天然(ran)氣應(ying)急儲(chu)(chu)備(bei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)建(jian)設，提(ti)高化(hua)石(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)儲(chu)(chu)備(bei)量(liang)，進一步夯實化(hua)石(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兜底保(bao)(bao)障基(ji)礎(chu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

智慧互(hu)聯，優(you)(you)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)(li)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)和(he)傳輸(shu)路徑。適度(du)(du)超前規(gui)劃(hua)建設(she)(she)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通道等能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯基礎設(she)(she)施，在更大(da)范圍內(nei)優(you)(you)化(hua)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配置(zhi)。以(yi)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)技術提升能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)傳輸(shu)效(xiao)率，并融合(he)(he)(he)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)(li)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)和(he)傳輸(shu)方式，破解我國能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)與(yu)消(xiao)費布(bu)(bu)局(ju)逆向(xiang)分布(bu)(bu)的問題。從全(quan)局(ju)角度(du)(du)優(you)(you)化(hua)我國能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)。能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)中區域(yu)堅(jian)持(chi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)外送(song)(song)與(yu)本地(di)消(xiao)納并舉，把(ba)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)轉化(hua)為產(chan)(chan)業(ye)優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)。結合(he)(he)(he)送(song)(song)出區域(yu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)特(te)(te)(te)點、開發規(gui)模、建設(she)(she)時序，受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區域(yu)負荷需(xu)(xu)求和(he)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)空間(jian)距(ju)離，堅(jian)持(chi)全(quan)國“一盤棋”思維，統(tong)籌謀劃(hua)西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東送(song)(song)、北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)南送(song)(song)，實(shi)現(xian)送(song)(song)受兩端最(zui)優(you)(you)組合(he)(he)(he)。統(tong)籌規(gui)劃(hua)陸地(di)與(yu)海上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)結構，集(ji)約(yue)考慮海電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)登陸條件，集(ji)中規(gui)劃(hua)建設(she)(she)海上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)主網(wang)架和(he)升壓(ya)站，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)管理方式，集(ji)中送(song)(song)出海上風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏、潮(chao)汐能(neng)(neng)等清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)。一體化(hua)算(suan)力(li)(li)(li)網(wang)加快實(shi)現(xian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)(li)傳輸(shu)新(xin)(xin)路徑。加快實(shi)施“東數(shu)西算(suan)”工程，充分利用西部地(di)區清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)，服務東部算(suan)力(li)(li)(li)需(xu)(xu)求。促(cu)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)量流(liu)(liu)和(he)數(shu)據流(liu)(liu)深(shen)度(du)(du)耦合(he)(he)(he)，將(jiang)“瓦特(te)(te)(te)”高效(xiao)轉為“比特(te)(te)(te)”，以(yi)“比特(te)(te)(te)”靈活驅動“瓦特(te)(te)(te)”。利用算(suan)力(li)(li)(li)用能(neng)(neng)時空可調特(te)(te)(te)性，以(yi)區域(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供需(xu)(xu)為引導，實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)網(wang)和(he)算(suan)力(li)(li)(li)網(wang)協同調度(du)(du)，降低算(suan)力(li)(li)(li)用能(neng)(neng)成本，提高可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。

融合(he)創新，助力終端(duan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費深度(du)脫碳(tan)。優化(hua)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)模式，以(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)轉型發(fa)展(zhan)帶動(dong)重點用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)行業(ye)(ye)生產方式轉變，分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車等(deng)(deng)(deng)交互式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)設施快速發(fa)展(zhan)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費者逐步參與(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)交易、傳輸(shu)甚至生產等(deng)(deng)(deng)環節，形(xing)(xing)成產銷合(he)一者。綠(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)力與(yu)綠(lv)色氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)靈活轉換(huan)，并在終端(duan)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領域廣(guang)泛應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)。提高終端(duan)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)水平。在工業(ye)(ye)、建筑、交通等(deng)(deng)(deng)重點行業(ye)(ye)，加(jia)速推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)短(duan)流程電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐煉(lian)鋼、熱泵、電(dian)(dian)(dian)采暖、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車、港(gang)口岸電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)設備，代替化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)使用(yong)(yong)，加(jia)快擴大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)使用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍和規模。推(tui)(tui)進氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)多元化(hua)示(shi)范(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)。加(jia)大(da)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領域研(yan)發(fa)力度(du)和工程轉化(hua)，完善(shan)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制儲(chu)運用(yong)(yong)體系。加(jia)快提高可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)制氫(qing)規模，形(xing)(xing)成綠(lv)色氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)供給體系。堅(jian)持以(yi)市場應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)為牽引，合(he)理(li)布(bu)局、有序(xu)推(tui)(tui)進氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在交通領域的(de)(de)示(shi)范(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)，拓(tuo)展(zhan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、分布(bu)式發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、工業(ye)(ye)等(deng)(deng)(deng)領域應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)規模化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)，加(jia)快探(tan)索有效的(de)(de)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)路徑。

注(zhu)：本文(wen)作者為(wei)中國(guo)電力工程顧問集(ji)團有限公司黨委書記、 董事長(chang)、首席(xi)科學家，中電碳中和發展(zhan)研究院(yuan)院(yuan)長(chang)羅必雄(xiong)。