近日,中國電力企業聯合會標準化管理中心下發征求中電聯標準《塔式太陽能光熱發電站定日鏡場檢測規程》(以下簡稱《規程》)意見的函。該標準規定了塔式太陽能光熱發電站關鍵系統設備的檢測條件、檢測設備和檢測方法。
接受采訪(fang)的(de)業(ye)內專家認(ren)為,《規程》將促進光(guang)熱(re)(re)行業(ye)健康發(fa)展。“十(shi)四五”期間,在碳(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)中和背景下(xia),光(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)行業(ye)有望迎來爆發(fa)式發(fa)展,裝機(ji)規模將達(da)到300萬千瓦。
保障項目經濟性
浙(zhe)江可勝技術股份有限公司董事長(chang)兼總工程師金建祥(xiang)參(can)與了《規(gui)程》起草,他對(dui)記者表(biao)示,定(ding)日鏡場(chang)作為塔式光熱電(dian)站(zhan)的核(he)心組成(cheng)部分,對(dui)塔式光熱電(dian)站(zhan)實現高效率、安全可靠(kao)運行(xing)具有重大(da)影響。通過制定(ding)標準(zhun),可以規(gui)范光熱電(dian)站(zhan)的設計、建設和調(diao)試過程,保障光熱電(dian)站(zhan)的質(zhi)量,為項目經(jing)濟性保駕護航。
中電(dian)(dian)聯標(biao)準化(hua)管理中心主(zhu)任汪毅告訴(su)記者,編制《規程(cheng)》的初(chu)衷是保障(zhang)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量,引領光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)行業發(fa)(fa)展。目前,歐美(mei)國(guo)家也在加大(da)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)產(chan)業基礎性研究(jiu),積(ji)極(ji)投入標(biao)準化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。中國(guo)已牽頭開展了4項國(guo)際(ji)(ji)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)標(biao)準編制工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),為光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)標(biao)準化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)貢獻了中國(guo)智(zhi)慧。國(guo)內光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)標(biao)準的編制,也為國(guo)際(ji)(ji)標(biao)準化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)奠定了堅實基礎。“塔式太(tai)陽能光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)站定日鏡場(chang)的技術要(yao)求(qiu)及(ji)檢(jian)測(ce)校準難度很大(da),某塔式太(tai)陽能光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)站鏡場(chang)控制系(xi)統校準工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)長達3年。”
“《規程》編制(zhi)后(hou),已經進行了多(duo)輪修改。”金建祥表(biao)示,“主要修改意(yi)見(jian)集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)檢測(ce)(ce)指標的(de)(de)完(wan)整性、方法(fa)的(de)(de)可實施性、檢測(ce)(ce)過程是否清(qing)晰明(ming)確等(deng)方面,目前正在(zai)(zai)征求意(yi)見(jian),期(qi)待業內積極反饋意(yi)見(jian)。”
記者獲悉,意見反饋時間(jian)截止日(ri)期(qi)為2022年3月15日(ri)。
提升國際競爭力
近年來,我(wo)國(guo)光熱產(chan)業規(gui)模快速增長(chang),技(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)顯(xian)著提升,2018年以來已有9個大型光熱發電項(xiang)目(mu)陸續投入運行(xing),裝機容(rong)量達(da)到55萬千瓦。通過(guo)不斷優化,項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)性(xing)能和發電量逐步提升,特別(bie)是青海中控(kong)德(de)令哈(ha)5萬千瓦塔式光熱項(xiang)目(mu),各項(xiang)指標均已達(da)到設(she)計值,驗證了我(wo)國(guo)光熱技(ji)術(shu)及國(guo)產(chan)化設(she)備的(de)先進性(xing)及可(ke)靠性(xing)。在業內人士看來,這(zhe)一批光熱示范項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)建設(she),讓我(wo)國(guo)光熱產(chan)業鏈逐步完善,為今后的(de)降本增效打下了基(ji)礎。
電(dian)(dian)力規劃設計總(zong)(zong)院高(gao)(gao)級顧問、中國(guo)電(dian)(dian)機工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學會太陽能熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)專委(wei)會副主(zhu)任(ren)委(wei)員兼(jian)秘書長孫(sun)銳在接受記者采訪時表示,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)標準(zhun)是指導和規范(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要文(wen)件(jian),只有掌握了相關技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)并積(ji)累了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實踐經驗(yan),才能編(bian)制(zhi)出較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)標準(zhun)。我國(guo)通過第(di)一批光熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)示范(fan)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設,帶動了光熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),總(zong)(zong)結這些工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設經驗(yan)及相關技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用情(qing)況,編(bian)制(zhi)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)標準(zhun),用以(yi)指導和規范(fan)以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),不僅可以(yi)促進我國(guo)光熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)行業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),還能提高(gao)(gao)我國(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和裝備的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)際(ji)競爭(zheng)力。
處于爆發前夜
記者采訪了解到,現(xian)階段,我國正(zheng)處(chu)于能源體系(xi)綠色低(di)碳(tan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)的關鍵期,光熱發電逐漸受到關注和重視,國家和各省市(shi)陸續出臺了一系(xi)列支持政策,行(xing)業正(zheng)處(chu)于爆發前夜。
“尤其是國家新能源大基地項目大規模啟動后(hou),一(yi)批超(chao)百萬千瓦的項目得(de)以推(tui)進。”浙江高晟(sheng)光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電技術研究院(yuan)有限(xian)公(gong)司總經理章顥繽認為(wei)(wei),今后(hou)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)、風電將與光(guang)(guang)熱協同發(fa)展、多能互補,光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)、風電裝機規模不斷擴大,成本(ben)進一(yi)步下降,都成為(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)展的有利條件。
孫銳認(ren)為(wei)(wei):“隨著風(feng)電(dian)和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)裝機(ji)(ji)量(liang)增大,電(dian)力系統(tong)對(dui)儲(chu)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)靈活調(diao)節(jie)電(dian)源的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)愈加迫切(qie)。為(wei)(wei)了更好地消納風(feng)電(dian)和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)力,現在采(cai)用(yong)多能(neng)互補一(yi)體化(hua)項目(mu)的(de)方(fang)式,為(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)配置風(feng)電(dian)和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)資源,通(tong)過風(feng)電(dian)和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)的(de)利潤空間,來彌(mi)補光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)的(de)虧損,可以(yi)短期解決光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)的(de)市場需(xu)求(qiu),防(fang)止光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)產業鏈發(fa)(fa)(fa)生斷裂(lie)。但它的(de)副(fu)作用(yong)已(yi)經顯現,風(feng)電(dian)和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)的(de)利潤空間有限,地方(fang)政府限制(zhi)了風(feng)電(dian)和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)的(de)裝機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)配比,項目(mu)單(dan)位為(wei)(wei)了實現合理的(de)投資回報,不得不削減(jian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)的(de)投資,大幅減(jian)少集熱(re)(re)系統(tong)的(de)規模,導致(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)的(de)靈活調(diao)節(jie)功能(neng)大打折扣。”
業(ye)內專家普(pu)遍認為(wei),我國(guo)已培育出完整的(de)(de)光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產業(ye)鏈,但(dan)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)政策亟待完善。雖然現(xian)在提出要(yao)大(da)(da)力支(zhi)持(chi)新(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)、光(guang)熱儲(chu)能(neng)的(de)(de)發展,但(dan)沒有明確(que)具體(ti)支(zhi)持(chi)政策和(he)(he)補貼模式。據了解,目前光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目的(de)(de)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)按照當地燃煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)執(zhi)行,導(dao)致投資(zi)無法實(shi)現(xian)經濟回報。“部分地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)過低,如青(qing)海(hai)省等適(shi)宜(yi)發展光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產業(ye)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)省,新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)標桿上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)0.2277元(yuan)/千瓦(wa)時,低于(yu)全國(guo)其他同類地區。新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)建(jian)儲(chu)能(neng)和(he)(he)光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后,整體(ti)收益率過低。”金建(jian)祥直言。
2月10日,國家發改(gai)委(wei)、國家能源局聯合發布的(de)(de)《關于完(wan)善(shan)能源綠色低碳轉型體制機制和政策(ce)措(cuo)施的(de)(de)意見》已(yi)提出,完(wan)善(shan)支持太陽能熱發電(dian)和儲能等調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)性(xing)電(dian)源運行的(de)(de)價格(ge)補(bu)償機制。對此,金(jin)建祥建議,對光熱調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)性(xing)電(dian)源的(de)(de)價格(ge)補(bu)償機制可采用兩部制電(dian)價。