CSPPLAZA光熱發電網訊:在(zai)12月24日舉(ju)行的第十三屆全國人(ren)(ren)民代(dai)表大會(hui)(hui)常務(wu)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)第十五次會(hui)(hui)議上,全國人(ren)(ren)大常委(wei)(wei)會(hui)(hui)副委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)長丁仲禮就全國人(ren)(ren)大常委(wei)(wei)會(hui)(hui)執法(fa)檢查(cha)(cha)組近期對《中華人(ren)(ren)民共和國可再生能源法(fa)》實施情(qing)況的執法(fa)檢查(cha)(cha)做了(le)專項(xiang)報(bao)告。
丁仲禮在報告中指出,我國法律第4章規定了支持可再生能源并網發電,建立可再生能源獨立電力系統,鼓勵生物質能、太陽能熱發電、太陽能熱水、農村地區可再生能源推廣和應用等內容。其中,太陽能熱發電已經初步(bu)形成具有自主知識(shi)產(chan)權的產(chan)業鏈。
相較而言,我國太陽能非電熱利用則發展較緩慢。我國法律第16、17條明確國家鼓勵發展生物質燃氣和熱力、太陽能熱利用等。而實際工作中,各類型可再生能源之間發展不平衡,可再生能源非電應用明顯滯后于發電類項目,太陽能熱利用、地熱利用以及生物質燃料(liao)的發展都較為緩慢。
他表示,有(you)企業(ye)反映,可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能源非電應用(yong)(yong)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)支持(chi)和經(jing)濟激(ji)勵(li)力(li)(li)度(du)不(bu)足,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質熱力(li)(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)燃氣、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)柴油等產品缺乏具(ju)(ju)體的支持(chi)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce),受特許經(jing)營(ying)限制,難以公平進入市場。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質能開發(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)對于改善民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、助(zhu)力(li)(li)脫貧攻(gong)堅、保護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)等具(ju)(ju)有(you)更加(jia)直接的作用(yong)(yong),應統籌考慮其環保效(xiao)益和社會效(xiao)益,加(jia)大(da)財稅政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)支持(chi)力(li)(li)度(du)。另(ling)外,一些地方(fang)反映對可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能源用(yong)(yong)戶企業(ye)支持(chi)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)尚有(you)不(bu)足。
今年8月(yue)(yue)至11月(yue)(yue),全國人大常委(wei)(wei)會組(zu)織開展了(le)可再(zai)生能源法(fa)執法(fa)檢查(cha),執法(fa)檢查(cha)組(zu)由(you)沈躍(yue)(yue)躍(yue)(yue)、白瑪赤(chi)林和丁仲禮(li)副委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)長任組(zu)長,環資委(wei)(wei)主任委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)高虎城(cheng)任副組(zu)長,成(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)共21位,由(you)全國人大常委(wei)(wei)會委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)、環資委(wei)(wei)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)和全國人大代表組(zu)成(cheng)。
檢查(cha)組(zu)先后(hou)聽(ting)取了國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)源局、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)展改(gai)革委、財政(zheng)部、自然資源部、生(sheng)態環境部等(deng)部門和單位(wei)關于(yu)貫(guan)徹(che)實(shi)施可再生(sheng)能(neng)源法情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)的匯報(bao),并(bing)組(zu)織3個小組(zu)先后(hou)赴(fu)6個省(sheng)(自治區)的19個地市、51個檢查(cha)點開展執法檢查(cha)工作,還委托(tuo)山西等(deng)12個省(sheng)(自治區)人大常委會對本行(xing)政(zheng)區域內實(shi)施情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)檢查(cha),同(tong)時委托(tuo)中國(guo)工程院(yuan)組(zu)織近百位(wei)院(yuan)士(shi)及專家(jia)(jia)深(shen)入評(ping)估形成第三方評(ping)估報(bao)告作為此(ci)次執法檢查(cha)的參考。
以下為報告全文:
全國人民代表大會常務委員會執法檢查組關于檢查《中華人民共和國可再生能源法》實施情況的報告
——2019年12月24日在第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十五次會議上
全(quan)國人大(da)常委會副委員長丁仲(zhong)禮(li)
全國人民代表大會常務委員會:
根據(ju)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)人大(da)常(chang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)會(hui)(hui)2019年(nian)度監(jian)督工(gong)作計(ji)劃,今年(nian)8月(yue)至11月(yue)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)人大(da)常(chang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)會(hui)(hui)組(zu)織開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)了(le)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)。執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)組(zu)由沈躍躍、白瑪赤林和丁仲禮副(fu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員長任組(zu)長,環(huan)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)主任委(wei)(wei)(wei)員高虎城任副(fu)組(zu)長,成(cheng)員共21位,由全國(guo)(guo)(guo)人大(da)常(chang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)會(hui)(hui)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員、環(huan)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員和全國(guo)(guo)(guo)人大(da)代表組(zu)成(cheng)。8月(yue)28日,檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)組(zu)召開(kai)第一次全體會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi),聽(ting)取國(guo)(guo)(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改革委(wei)(wei)(wei)、財政部(bu)、自然資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)、生態環(huan)境部(bu)等(deng)部(bu)門(men)和單位關(guan)于貫徹實施可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)情(qing)況的匯報,部(bu)署開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)工(gong)作。8月(yue)至9月(yue),檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)組(zu)分3個(ge)(ge)小組(zu),赴河北(bei)、吉林、甘肅、青(qing)海、寧夏(xia)、新(xin)疆等(deng)6個(ge)(ge)省(自治區(qu))開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)工(gong)作。檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)組(zu)深(shen)入(ru)到19個(ge)(ge)地(di)市,實地(di)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)51個(ge)(ge)點位,召開(kai)16個(ge)(ge)座談(tan)會(hui)(hui),與政府及有關(guan)部(bu)門(men)、相關(guan)企業、基(ji)層(ceng)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)人員和五級人大(da)代表座談(tan),聽(ting)取法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)實施情(qing)況及有關(guan)意見(jian)建議(yi)(yi)。同時,委(wei)(wei)(wei)托山西、內蒙古、黑龍江、浙(zhe)江、山東、湖(hu)北(bei)、湖(hu)南、廣(guang)東、廣(guang)西、四川、云南、西藏(zang)等(deng)12個(ge)(ge)省(自治區(qu))人大(da)常(chang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)會(hui)(hui)對本行政區(qu)域內可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的實施情(qing)況進行檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)。全國(guo)(guo)(guo)人大(da)環(huan)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)還委(wei)(wei)(wei)托中國(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)程院開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)了(le)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)實施情(qing)況評(ping)估(gu)研(yan)究,14位兩院院士、70多位專家經(jing)過深(shen)入(ru)研(yan)究論證,形成(cheng)了(le)第三方評(ping)估(gu)報告,為執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)提供了(le)重要參考和支撐。
這次執法(fa)檢查(cha)(cha)有幾(ji)個(ge)突出(chu)特(te)點:一(yi)是(shi)把宣傳(chuan)貫(guan)徹(che)(che)(che)習(xi)近(jin)平生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)思想和(he)(he)黨中央可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源發展戰略貫(guan)穿于(yu)執法(fa)檢查(cha)(cha)全過程(cheng),聽取(qu)各(ge)地(di)貫(guan)徹(che)(che)(che)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)習(xi)近(jin)平生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)思想和(he)(he)習(xi)近(jin)平總(zong)書(shu)記(ji)重要(yao)指示批示情況。二是(shi)認真貫(guan)徹(che)(che)(che)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)栗戰書(shu)委員(yuan)長(chang)對(dui)執法(fa)檢查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)要(yao)求,緊(jin)扣(kou)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)制度規定開(kai)(kai)展檢查(cha)(cha),堅持問(wen)(wen)題(ti)導(dao)向,依法(fa)推(tui)動解決可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源開(kai)(kai)發利用存(cun)在的(de)(de)突出(chu)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。三是(shi)將執法(fa)檢查(cha)(cha)與議(yi)(yi)案(an)建議(yi)(yi)辦理工(gong)作有機結合,深入聽取(qu)人(ren)大代(dai)表意見建議(yi)(yi)。四是(shi)開(kai)(kai)展問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)調(diao)查(cha)(cha),了解各(ge)地(di)對(dui)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)學習(xi)掌握情況,推(tui)動法(fa)律(lv)(lv)宣傳(chuan)普(pu)及,加強法(fa)律(lv)(lv)學習(xi)貫(guan)徹(che)(che)(che)。五(wu)是(shi)委托中國工(gong)程(cheng)院(yuan)開(kai)(kai)展可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源法(fa)實(shi)(shi)施情況評估研究,強化專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)支撐(cheng),增強監(jian)督工(gong)作的(de)(de)科學性(xing)和(he)(he)客觀性(xing)。六(liu)是(shi)廣(guang)泛深入聽取(qu)五(wu)級人(ren)大代(dai)表、政府部門、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、專(zhuan)家對(dui)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)實(shi)(shi)施和(he)(he)修改完善(shan)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)意見建議(yi)(yi)。
下(xia)面(mian),我代表執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)檢查組,將可再生能(neng)源(yuan)法(fa)(fa)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)檢查的主要情況報告如(ru)下(xia)。
一、法律實施總體情況
黨(dang)的十八大以來,在黨(dang)中(zhong)央堅強領導(dao)下,各地區各部門以習近平新時代中(zhong)國(guo)特色(se)社會主義思想(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)指導(dao),深入貫徹(che)落實習近平生(sheng)態文明思想(xiang)(xiang),認真落實黨(dang)中(zhong)央可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)戰略,認真貫徹(che)實施(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa),推(tui)動可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)快速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),為(wei)(wei)推(tui)進能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命、保護生(sheng)態環境、促進經濟和(he)社會可(ke)(ke)(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)發(fa)揮著(zhu)日(ri)益(yi)重要的作用(yong)。自2006年1月1日(ri)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)頒布(bu)實施(shi)以來,可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)利用(yong)規模顯(xian)著(zhu)擴(kuo)大,技術(shu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備水(shui)平不斷提(ti)(ti)升。我國(guo)水(shui)電、風電、光伏(fu)發(fa)電的累計裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機規模均居世界(jie)首位。2018年,全國(guo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電量(liang)(liang)18670億千瓦時,占全部發(fa)電量(liang)(liang)的26.7%,比2005年提(ti)(ti)高10.6個百分點(dian)。其中(zhong)非(fei)水(shui)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容量(liang)(liang)是2005年的94倍,發(fa)電量(liang)(liang)是2005年的91倍。可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占一(yi)(yi)次能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費總量(liang)(liang)比重達到12.5%左右(you),比2005年翻(fan)了一(yi)(yi)番。
可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)(fa)主要法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)基本落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)得到(dao)有(you)效實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi),基本實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)了立法(fa)(fa)目的(de)。法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)第(di)4條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)總量(liang)目標(biao)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)有(you)效落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)第(di)2章關于資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查與發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)(gui)劃的(de)有(you)關規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)加快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi),開(kai)展(zhan)了資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查,編制(zhi)(zhi)了可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)規(gui)(gui)劃。按照法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)第(di)3章要求,公(gong)布了可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)指導目錄,制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)了相(xiang)關技術標(biao)準規(gui)(gui)范,推動可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技術水平(ping)(ping)顯(xian)著進步。第(di)4章至第(di)6章規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)相(xiang)關制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)逐步落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電成本明顯(xian)下降,裝備制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)產(chan)(chan)業快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)速(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)水平(ping)(ping)快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)速(su)提升(sheng),在拉動經濟(ji)增長、優(you)化產(chan)(chan)業結(jie)構和擴大就(jiu)業崗位、落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)溫室氣(qi)體排放目標(biao)和治(zhi)理大氣(qi)污染等方面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮了重要作用(yong)(yong),為(wei)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)綠(lv)色發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)做(zuo)出(chu)了積極貢獻(xian)。但伴隨可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)業快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)速(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)有(you)關開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)規(gui)(gui)劃、全(quan)額保障性收購、費用(yong)(yong)補償等部分法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),也存在統籌協調(diao)(diao)(diao)不(bu)夠(gou)、落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)到(dao)位、監管薄弱等問題,有(you)待進一步研究解(jie)決。
二、法律實施成效
各地區各部(bu)門(men)按照可再生能源法要(yao)求(qiu),依法履(lv)職盡責(ze),積極出(chu)臺(tai)配套政(zheng)策,認真(zhen)落(luo)實(shi)法律(lv)規定,法律(lv)實(shi)施取得了(le)顯著(zhu)成效(xiao)。
(一)出臺配套法規制度,提升可再生能源發展法治化水平
國務院相關(guan)部門高(gao)度重視可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)的貫徹實施,依法(fa)在資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)調查、總量目標、規(gui)劃引導(dao)、應用(yong)示范(fan)(fan)、產業(ye)監測(ce)、并(bing)網(wang)消納等方(fang)(fang)面出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)了(le)(le)(le)上百項配(pei)(pei)套(tao)規(gui)章政(zheng)(zheng)策,規(gui)范(fan)(fan)了(le)(le)(le)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)上網(wang)管理(li)(li)有關(guan)內容(rong),明確(que)了(le)(le)(le)上網(wang)電(dian)價和費用(yong)分攤制度,制定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)備(bei)設備(bei)、工程建(jian)設、并(bing)網(wang)運(yun)行等技術標準,為推動可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)快速(su)發(fa)(fa)展營造(zao)了(le)(le)(le)良好(hao)的政(zheng)(zheng)策環境。各(ge)級地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)府結合本地(di)(di)實際,制定(ding)(ding)出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)了(le)(le)(le)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)性法(fa)規(gui)政(zheng)(zheng)策,如(ru)河北、浙江(jiang)制定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)促進條(tiao)例(li),黑龍江(jiang)、山東、湖北、湖南等省(區(qu)、市(shi))制定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)農(nong)村可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)條(tiao)例(li),吉林(lin)、廣(guang)西等省(區(qu)、市(shi))出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)了(le)(le)(le)水能(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)管理(li)(li)有關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding),內蒙古、四川、云南、寧(ning)夏等省(區(qu)、市(shi))出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)了(le)(le)(le)風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)、地(di)(di)熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)等開發(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)的有關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding),山西出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)了(le)(le)(le)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)全額保障性收購管理(li)(li)辦法(fa),各(ge)地(di)(di)支持(chi)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展的配(pei)(pei)套(tao)法(fa)規(gui)和政(zheng)(zheng)策體系逐步完善。
(二)落實資源調查和規劃制度,引導可再生能源發展方向
法律第2章規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定了(le)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)調查與編(bian)制(zhi)開(kai)發利用規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃等內容(rong)。國務院有關部(bu)門(men)依法組織開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)了(le)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)詳查,于2008年和(he)2014年分(fen)別發布(bu)了(le)中國太陽能(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)圖(tu)譜和(he)全(quan)國風能(neng)(neng)評價成(cheng)果,為(wei)國家和(he)地方開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃編(bian)制(zhi)、企業開(kai)發項(xiang)目選址(zhi)提供了(le)基礎依據和(he)支撐。在(zai)此基礎上,組織編(bian)制(zhi)了(le)國家“十(shi)一五(wu)(wu)(wu)”、“十(shi)二五(wu)(wu)(wu)”、“十(shi)三五(wu)(wu)(wu)”可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃以及水電、風電、太陽能(neng)(neng)、生物質能(neng)(neng)和(he)地熱能(neng)(neng)領域五(wu)(wu)(wu)年規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃。甘肅等15個省(區、市)編(bian)制(zhi)了(le)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(或新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan))發展(zhan)(zhan)“十(shi)三五(wu)(wu)(wu)”規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃;廣東、西藏(zang)等16個省(區、市)在(zai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)“十(shi)三五(wu)(wu)(wu)”規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃或“十(shi)三五(wu)(wu)(wu)”電力發展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃中規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定了(le)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)目標;新疆(jiang)等省(區、市)還對部(bu)分(fen)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)品種(zhong)專(zhuan)門(men)制(zhi)定了(le)分(fen)項(xiang)發展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃體系(xi)逐(zhu)步(bu)建立,為(wei)引導可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)方向、優化結構布(bu)局發揮了(le)重要作用。
(三)加強產業指導和技術創新,大力扶持可再生能源產業發展
法律第3章要求國務院相關部門加強對可再生能源產業指導和技術研發。國家能源局會同發展改革委發布了可再生能源產業發展指導目錄,為制定支持可再生能源發展財政、稅收等政策提供依據。可再生能源產業示范項目穩步推進,“十二五”期間實施81個新能源示范城市、8個新能源示范園區、86個綠色能源示范縣,“十三五”期間組織實施6個清潔能源示范省、4個可再生能源綜合應用示范區以及28個新能源微電網示范工程。2015年以來,組織開展3批光伏“領跑者”基地項目建設。這些示范項目在提升可再生能源消費比重,推動先進技術成果產業化,促進產業升級等方面取得積極效果。可再生能源法頒布實施后,科技部在國家科技計劃中優先部署可再生能源技術研發,截至“十二五”末期投入中央財政經費逾23億元。“十三五”期間投入中央財政資金7億元,實施“可再生能源與氫能技術”、“智能電網技術與裝備”兩個重點研發專項。通過創新驅動和國家科技計劃的實施,我國可再生能源領域科技創新能力及產業技術水平得到跨越式提升。水電作為傳統可再生能源,已經位于世界水電強國前列;光伏發電產業規模連續多年世界第一,是我國少數有話語權的行業之一,光伏發電技術在國際市場擁有絕對競爭優勢;風電領域建立了完整的設備制造產業鏈,風電開發規模穩居世界首位;太陽能熱發電初步形成具有自主知識產權的(de)產業鏈;生物質能(neng)實(shi)(shi)現了(le)多元化(hua)技術(shu)發展和應(ying)用;地熱能(neng)實(shi)(shi)現了(le)工(gong)程規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)應(ying)用;海洋(yang)能(neng)技術(shu)研究和應(ying)用示范(fan)不斷取(qu)得新進展;電(dian)網接入和運行技術(shu)水平(ping)不斷提高,為可再生能(neng)源大規(gui)模(mo)發展和消(xiao)納提供有力(li)支撐。
(四)落實相關法律制度,提高可再生能源開發利用水平
法律第4章規定了支持可再生能源并網發電,建立可再生能源獨立電力系統,鼓勵生物質能、太陽能熱發電、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱水(shui)、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)推(tui)廣和應(ying)用等內(nei)容。為(wei)(wei)落實全(quan)額(e)保障性收購制(zhi)度,國(guo)(guo)家發(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局出臺了(le)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)全(quan)額(e)保障性收購管理辦法、清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納行動計劃、建立健全(quan)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)消(xiao)納保障機制(zhi)的通知等政策文件,核(he)定了(le)重點地(di)區(qu)風電(dian)(dian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏最低(di)保障收購年(nian)利用小時數(shu),設(she)定了(le)各省級(ji)行政區(qu)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)消(xiao)納責任權重等。建立了(le)風電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)發(fa)展(zhan)監(jian)測評價體(ti)系,按年(nian)度監(jian)測并發(fa)布(bu)市場(chang)和產業發(fa)展(zhan)情況(kuang),分(fen)綠色、橙色和紅色三個等級(ji)為(wei)(wei)行業提供(gong)信息(xi)和預警。電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業充分(fen)發(fa)揮資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優化(hua)配置平(ping)臺作用,優化(hua)調度運行,加快(kuai)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)通道建設(she),支持可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高比(bi)例運行和大規模外送。經過各方(fang)面共同努力(li)(li),可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)棄電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)持續緩解(jie)。2016年(nian)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)平(ping)均棄風率(lv)為(wei)(wei)17%,棄光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)10%;2019年(nian)1—9月,全(quan)國(guo)(guo)平(ping)均棄風率(lv)降至4.2%,棄光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)降至1.9%。青(qing)海創新開(kai)展(zhan)“綠電(dian)(dian)15日”創造(zao)了(le)全(quan)球清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)紀錄。國(guo)(guo)家發(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局大力(li)(li)推(tui)動分(fen)布(bu)式發(fa)電(dian)(dian)應(ying)用,截至2018年(nian)底,分(fen)布(bu)式光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏累(lei)計并網(wang)裝機容量(liang)達5061萬(wan)(wan)千瓦,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏產業新增長(chang)點。農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)(cun)部(bu)等有關部(bu)門和地(di)區(qu)積極(ji)實施農(nong)村(cun)(cun)沼(zhao)氣(qi)轉型升(sheng)級(ji),發(fa)展(zhan)秸(jie)稈(gan)(gan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利用,目(mu)前(qian)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)秸(jie)稈(gan)(gan)成(cheng)型燃料年(nian)產量(liang)達到800萬(wan)(wan)噸。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境部(bu)將可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項目(mu)納入溫室氣(qi)體(ti)自愿減排交(jiao)易體(ti)系重點支持領域,將發(fa)展(zhan)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作為(wei)(wei)實現碳(tan)強度降低(di)目(mu)標(biao)的有效路(lu)徑,不斷推(tui)動可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高質量(liang)開(kai)發(fa)利用。同時,一(yi)些地(di)方(fang)將可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)促進民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)改善(shan)、助力(li)(li)脫貧攻堅、解(jie)決無電(dian)(dian)地(di)區(qu)用電(dian)(dian)相結合(he),因地(di)制(zhi)宜探索光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏+農(nong)業、光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏+漁(yu)業、風光(guang)(guang)(guang)互補開(kai)發(fa),開(kai)展(zhan)風電(dian)(dian)清(qing)潔(jie)供(gong)暖、可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)等示(shi)范項目(mu)建設(she),可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)的綜合(he)效益逐(zhu)步顯現。
(五)注重經濟激勵,為可再生能源發展提供財政支持
法(fa)律第5章、第6章明確(que)了可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)經濟(ji)(ji)調(diao)控有(you)關(guan)(guan)法(fa)律制度,包括分(fen)類(lei)電(dian)價(jia)、發(fa)展(zhan)基(ji)金、財(cai)稅(shui)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)等。國務院(yuan)相關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)按照有(you)利于促(cu)進可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)(yong)和經濟(ji)(ji)合理的原則(ze),制定了基(ji)于固定電(dian)價(jia)下(xia)的補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),明確(que)上網(wang)電(dian)價(jia)高于煤電(dian)標桿(gan)電(dian)價(jia)的部(bu)分(fen)通(tong)(tong)過可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)基(ji)金補(bu)(bu)(bu)償。2019年將上網(wang)標桿(gan)電(dian)價(jia)調(diao)整為指(zhi)導價(jia),新增項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)上網(wang)電(dian)價(jia)通(tong)(tong)過競爭(zheng)方式確(que)定。同(tong)時電(dian)價(jia)附加征(zheng)收標準逐步提高,由初(chu)期每度電(dian)0.1分(fen)調(diao)整為2016年每度電(dian)1.9分(fen)。財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)設(she)立(li)專項(xiang)(xiang)資(zi)金,累計(ji)撥付1312億(yi)元支(zhi)持(chi)可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)化(hua)規模應用(yong)(yong),支(zhi)持(chi)解決無電(dian)地區用(yong)(yong)電(dian)問題等。據財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)統計(ji),2012年以來累計(ji)安排補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼資(zi)金超過4500億(yi)元,為可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)提供了有(you)力(li)支(zhi)持(chi)。在(zai)稅(shui)收方面,積極落實國家重點扶持(chi)的公共(gong)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)企(qi)業(ye)所得稅(shui)三(san)免三(san)減半、風(feng)電(dian)增值稅(shui)即(ji)征(zheng)即(ji)退50%、固定資(zi)產加速(su)折舊等優惠政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),下(xia)調(diao)增值稅(shui)稅(shui)率,可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)相關(guan)(guan)企(qi)業(ye)普遍受益。
三、存在的主要問題
隨著可(ke)再生能(neng)源技(ji)術進步和(he)產業快(kuai)速發展,我國可(ke)再生能(neng)源進入全面(mian)、快(kuai)速、規模(mo)化發展階(jie)段,可(ke)再生能(neng)源法(fa)一些制(zhi)度(du)規定在實施中(zhong)存(cun)在相(xiang)互間(jian)不夠協調、執(zhi)行不夠到(dao)位等問題,需要中(zhong)央和(he)地方、政府和(he)企業統籌解(jie)決。
(一)相關規劃尚未充分銜接
法律(lv)第8條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定,省、自(zi)治區(qu)、直轄市(shi)人民政府管理能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)工作的部門會同(tong)本級人民政府有(you)關(guan)(guan)部門,依據(ju)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)和(he)本行(xing)(xing)政區(qu)域(yu)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)長期(qi)目(mu)(mu)標(biao),編(bian)制本行(xing)(xing)政區(qu)域(yu)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)。法律(lv)第9條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定,可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)內容應當(dang)包(bao)括發(fa)展目(mu)(mu)標(biao)、主要任(ren)務、區(qu)域(yu)布局、重點項目(mu)(mu)、實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)進度、配套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設(she)(she)(she)、服務體系和(he)保障措施(shi)(shi)等。具(ju)體實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)中(zhong)存在相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)不(bu)夠銜(xian)接(jie)、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)不(bu)夠到(dao)(dao)位等問題(ti)。一是各級可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)不(bu)夠銜(xian)接(jie)。檢查中(zhong)發(fa)現,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展目(mu)(mu)標(biao)和(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)缺乏約束(shu)性(xing)(xing),一些(xie)(xie)地(di)(di)方可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)長期(qi)總(zong)(zong)量目(mu)(mu)標(biao)未(wei)嚴格依照(zhao)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)(zong)量目(mu)(mu)標(biao)確定,地(di)(di)方規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)發(fa)展目(mu)(mu)標(biao)超過上級總(zong)(zong)體目(mu)(mu)標(biao),建設(she)(she)(she)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)、布局和(he)速(su)度也(ye)與(yu)上級規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)不(bu)一致(zhi)。如國(guo)(guo)(guo)家“十三(san)五”規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)中(zhong)確定新(xin)疆(jiang)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)展目(mu)(mu)標(biao)為1800萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),而新(xin)疆(jiang)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)“十三(san)五”規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)中(zhong)確定風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)展目(mu)(mu)標(biao)為3650萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),遠超國(guo)(guo)(guo)家規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)。二是可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)中(zhong)缺乏銜(xian)接(jie)。一些(xie)(xie)地(di)(di)方反映,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)建設(she)(she)(she)與(yu)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)適應,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設(she)(she)(she)滯后于可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展,輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道(dao)不(bu)足(zu),且(qie)部分輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道(dao)能(neng)(neng)力未(wei)達到(dao)(dao)設(she)(she)(she)計水平(ping),可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸出受阻問題(ti)比較明顯。如我國(guo)(guo)(guo)“三(san)北”地(di)(di)區(qu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)達到(dao)(dao)2.3億千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),本地(di)(di)市(shi)場有(you)限,跨(kua)區(qu)外送能(neng)(neng)力只有(you)4200萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),僅占新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)的18%。靈活性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)比例不(bu)盡合理,蓄能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)建設(she)(she)(she)較為滯后,影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing),不(bu)利(li)于可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納。
(二)可再生能源消納壓力仍然較大
法律第13條規定(ding),國家鼓勵和支持可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)并(bing)網(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)。檢查中發(fa)(fa)現,受(shou)多種因素影(ying)響,一些(xie)局部地(di)(di)區棄(qi)電(dian)率(lv)仍然偏高,可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納問題仍需(xu)重視。“十(shi)二五”以來,我(wo)國包括可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)內的(de)各類電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)保持快速(su)增(zeng)長,而用(yong)(yong)電(dian)需(xu)求不(bu)夠(gou)平衡,消(xiao)(xiao)納市(shi)場容量(liang)不(bu)足。可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)富集區與(yu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)負荷(he)區不(bu)匹(pi)配,一些(xie)地(di)(di)方出于利益考(kao)慮不(bu)優先接受(shou)外來電(dian)力(li),行政(zheng)區域(yu)間壁壘嚴(yan)重,可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)異(yi)地(di)(di)消(xiao)(xiao)納矛(mao)盾較(jiao)為突(tu)(tu)出。同時,我(wo)國電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)結構性矛(mao)盾突(tu)(tu)出,缺(que)少抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)等靈活調(diao)節電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)匹(pi)配,特(te)別(bie)是在(zai)冬季供暖期(qi),煤電(dian)機組熱(re)電(dian)聯產(chan)與(yu)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)(xiao)納矛(mao)盾更加(jia)突(tu)(tu)出。如吉林裝機容量(liang)是用(yong)(yong)電(dian)負荷(he)的(de)2.6—5.8倍,省內電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)持續富余,特(te)別(bie)是在(zai)冬季供暖期(qi),保證供熱(re)的(de)火電(dian)最小發(fa)(fa)電(dian)出力(li)比低谷用(yong)(yong)電(dian)負荷(he)高210—320萬千瓦(wa),電(dian)網(wang)調(diao)峰困難。由于一些(xie)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)富集的(de)重點地(di)(di)區缺(que)乏針對性政(zheng)策安(an)排,可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)(xiao)納壓力(li)很(hen)大,一定(ding)程度影(ying)響和制(zhi)約了可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)健(jian)康(kang)快速(su)發(fa)(fa)展。
(三)全額保障性收購制度落實尚不到位
法律第(di)14條規定(ding),國(guo)家實(shi)行可再生能源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)全額(e)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障性(xing)(xing)收購(gou)制度。檢查中發(fa)現,個別省(sheng)份(fen)暫(zan)未達(da)到國(guo)家規定(ding)的最(zui)低(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障收購(gou)年利(li)用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu),且(qie)存在以低(di)(di)于國(guo)家有關政策明(ming)確的電(dian)(dian)價(jia)水平收購(gou)的情(qing)況(kuang)。如寧夏2018年自行制定(ding)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)最(zui)低(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障性(xing)(xing)收購(gou)利(li)用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)為(wei)750—850小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),遠低(di)(di)于國(guo)家核定(ding)的1850小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)低(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障收購(gou)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)。甘肅2018年自行設置的風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障性(xing)(xing)收購(gou)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)分(fen)別為(wei)774小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和479小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),距國(guo)家保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障性(xing)(xing)收購(gou)政策規定(ding)的風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)1800小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)1500小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)差(cha)距較大(da);實(shi)際(ji)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)利(li)用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)中,大(da)部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)屬于低(di)(di)價(jia)市場(chang)化交易(yi),發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)合法權益(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障不(bu)足。
(四)電價補償和發展基金問題較為突出
法(fa)律(lv)第20條(tiao)規定,收(shou)購可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量所發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)費用(yong),高(gao)于(yu)按(an)照常規能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)均上網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價計算所發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)費用(yong)之間的(de)(de)差額,由在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)范圍對(dui)銷售電(dian)(dian)(dian)量征(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價附(fu)(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)補償。法(fa)律(lv)第24條(tiao)規定,國(guo)家(jia)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)設立(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)基金(jin)(jin),資(zi)金(jin)(jin)來源(yuan)包括(kuo)國(guo)家(jia)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)年(nian)(nian)度安排(pai)的(de)(de)專項資(zi)金(jin)(jin)和(he)依(yi)法(fa)征(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價附(fu)(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)收(shou)入等(deng)。檢查(cha)中各地(di)(di)反(fan)映,電(dian)(dian)(dian)價補償政(zheng)(zheng)策落實不(bu)到位,補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)來源(yuan)不(bu)足,補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)發(fa)(fa)放不(bu)及(ji)時(shi),影響企業正常經營和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。國(guo)家(jia)相(xiang)關部門反(fan)映,現行可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)政(zheng)(zheng)策已遠不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)(man)足可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)需要。目前征(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)總(zong)額僅能(neng)滿(man)(man)足2015年(nian)(nian)底前已并網(wang)(wang)(wang)項目的(de)(de)補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)需求,“十三五”期(qi)間90%以上新增可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)來源(yuan)尚未落實。一是(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價附(fu)(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)未及(ji)時(shi)調整(zheng)。2016年(nian)(nian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價附(fu)(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)征(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)標(biao)準提(ti)高(gao)到每(mei)千瓦時(shi)1.9分,后期(qi)未作調整(zheng),其他(ta)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)來源(yuan)不(bu)足,補償缺口逐步(bu)擴大。二是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價附(fu)(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)未依(yi)法(fa)嚴(yan)格征(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)。第三方評(ping)估報(bao)告(gao)指(zhi)出(chu),2015—2018年(nian)(nian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價平(ping)(ping)均附(fu)(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)征(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)率僅為84.4%。各地(di)(di)方廣泛存在(zai)著只對(dui)公共電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)工商業用(yong)戶征(zheng)(zheng)收(shou),對(dui)自(zi)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠用(yong)戶、地(di)(di)方電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)長期(qi)未征(zheng)(zheng)、少征(zheng)(zheng)等(deng)問題。三是(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規模(mo)(mo)缺乏(fa)有效控制(zhi)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)初(chu)期(qi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)價調整(zheng)滯后于(yu)技術發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水平(ping)(ping),部分可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)企業追求高(gao)投(tou)資(zi)回報(bao),非理性投(tou)資(zi),搶裝機、搶上網(wang)(wang)(wang)問題突出(chu),一些(xie)地(di)(di)方未按(an)照國(guo)家(jia)規劃有效控制(zhi)本地(di)(di)區發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規模(mo)(mo),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劇了補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)缺口。
(五)與相關財稅、土地、環保等政策銜接不夠
法律第25、26條(tiao)分(fen)別規(gui)定,對列入(ru)國(guo)家可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)指導目錄(lu)的有關項目,金融機構(gou)對其(qi)提供(gong)優(you)(you)惠貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan),國(guo)家給予稅收優(you)(you)惠。檢查中一(yi)些(xie)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業反(fan)映,可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業特別是民(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)難(nan)、貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)貴問題(ti)仍然存在(zai)。第三方評估報告(gao)指出,財政(zheng)貼(tie)息(xi)政(zheng)策(ce)沒有落(luo)實,優(you)(you)惠貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)政(zheng)策(ce)未覆蓋可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)領域。一(yi)些(xie)地(di)方反(fan)映,可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)與土地(di)管(guan)理、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)保護等政(zheng)策(ce)銜(xian)(xian)接(jie)不夠(gou),相關部門監管(guan)協(xie)同不夠(gou),可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)設布局、開(kai)發(fa)(fa)規(gui)模受(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)調整影響較大。河北是京津冀重要(yao)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)支撐區,青海(hai)自然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統敏感脆弱,可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)更要(yao)重視(shi)(shi)與資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)相關政(zheng)策(ce)的銜(xian)(xian)接(jie),可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)綠色高質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)任務(wu)艱(jian)巨。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業反(fan)映,有的地(di)方土地(di)稅費征(zheng)收不規(gui)范,稅收減(jian)免措施落(luo)實不到(dao)位(wei),造成非(fei)技術成本高昂。另外,現(xian)行政(zheng)策(ce)對可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)周期生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)效益考(kao)慮不足,重視(shi)(shi)前(qian)期開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong),忽視(shi)(shi)產(chan)品(pin)末端回收。風力發(fa)(fa)電機壽命(ming)為20年(nian)左右,太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)板使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)為25年(nian)左右,早期投產(chan)的可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)設備陸(lu)續(xu)進(jin)入(ru)報廢(fei)期,廢(fei)棄物回收處理處置需要(yao)規(gui)范管(guan)理。
(六)可再生能源非電應用支持政策存在短板
法(fa)律(lv)第16、17條明確國家鼓勵(li)發(fa)展生(sheng)物質燃(ran)氣和熱(re)力、太陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)利(li)用(yong)等(deng)。實際工作中,各類型可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)之間(jian)發(fa)展不(bu)平衡,可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)非電應用(yong)明顯滯后(hou)于發(fa)電類項目,太陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)利(li)用(yong)、地熱(re)利(li)用(yong)以(yi)及生(sheng)物質燃(ran)料的發(fa)展都較為緩慢。企業反(fan)映(ying),可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)非電應用(yong)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)支(zhi)持(chi)和經濟激勵(li)力度不(bu)足,生(sheng)物質熱(re)力、生(sheng)物燃(ran)氣、生(sheng)物柴油等(deng)產(chan)品缺乏具(ju)(ju)體的支(zhi)持(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),受特(te)許經營(ying)限制,難以(yi)公平進入市場(chang)。生(sheng)物質能(neng)(neng)開發(fa)利(li)用(yong)對于改(gai)善民生(sheng)、助力脫貧攻堅、保護生(sheng)態環境等(deng)具(ju)(ju)有更加(jia)直接的作用(yong),應統籌考慮其環保效益和社會效益,加(jia)大(da)財稅政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)支(zhi)持(chi)力度。另外,一些地方(fang)反(fan)映(ying)對可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)用(yong)戶(hu)企業支(zhi)持(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)尚有不(bu)足。
(七)可再生能源技術研發應用仍需加強
法律第12條(tiao)規定,支持推動可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源開發(fa)(fa)利用的科學(xue)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)研究、應用示范(fan)和(he)產業化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展。雖然我(wo)國可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源技術(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)平取(qu)得(de)顯著進步,但在(zai)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)研發(fa)(fa)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力、裝(zhuang)備制造(zao)質量(liang)、工程(cheng)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新、公共(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)體系(xi)建(jian)設方(fang)面仍需進一(yi)步加強(qiang)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)部分核(he)心技術(shu)(shu)(shu)研發(fa)(fa)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力偏弱。大容量(liang)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)尚存在(zai)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)瓶頸(jing),安全經濟的新型儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產品有(you)待突破。風電(dian)機(ji)組軸承國產化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)高,風電(dian)機(ji)組控制機(ji)組核(he)心元器件、部分高效光伏電(dian)池生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產裝(zhuang)備主(zhu)要(yao)依賴進口。二是(shi)(shi)電(dian)網接(jie)入(ru)和(he)運行技術(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)待快速提(ti)升。電(dian)網運行控制技術(shu)(shu)(shu)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)水(shui)平、靈活調節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力以(yi)及(ji)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源功率預測(ce)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)等,均需要(yao)提(ti)升到適應高比例可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源并網運行水(shui)平。三是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物質能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相關技術(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)待突破。成型燃料、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物燃料乙醇、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物質氣化(hua)等存在(zai)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)瓶頸(jing)。四是(shi)(shi)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源標準化(hua)建(jian)設、開發(fa)(fa)利用裝(zhuang)備公共(gong)檢測(ce)試驗能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力有(you)待提(ti)升。
(八)可再生能源行業監管力度不夠
可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源法(fa)規(gui)定(ding)了各級(ji)政府部門(men)、相關(guan)企(qi)業的(de)(de)權利義務,具體實(shi)施中(zhong)由于相關(guan)責(ze)任主體不(bu)夠明確、缺乏有(you)(you)力監管等原(yuan)因(yin),造成對執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)不(bu)到(dao)位的(de)(de)難以(yi)實(shi)施處(chu)罰(fa)。法(fa)律(lv)第28—31條規(gui)定(ding)了相關(guan)部門(men)、電(dian)網企(qi)業、燃氣和熱力管網企(qi)業、石油銷(xiao)售企(qi)業的(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)責(ze)任,但自法(fa)律(lv)頒布實(shi)施以(yi)來,尚未有(you)(you)因(yin)違反(fan)可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源法(fa)獲得相關(guan)行(xing)(xing)政處(chu)罰(fa)的(de)(de)案例發生(sheng),法(fa)律(lv)責(ze)任條款并未有(you)(you)效落實(shi)。
四、意見和建議
各(ge)地各(ge)部(bu)門要以習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)新時代中國特色社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)思想為(wei)指導,認真貫(guan)徹落實(shi)(shi)習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明思想,貫(guan)徹落實(shi)(shi)習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總書記關于能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)產和消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)重要論述(shu),以及中央十九(jiu)屆(jie)四中全會有關“推進能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)命(ming),構建清(qing)潔(jie)低碳(tan)、安(an)全高(gao)效的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系”戰(zhan)略(lve)部(bu)署,全面推動可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)質量發(fa)展(zhan)。要從能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)命(ming)戰(zhan)略(lve)高(gao)度(du)考慮(lv)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)問題,重視可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)在整個經濟社(she)會發(fa)展(zhan)中的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)地位,統籌處理(li)好可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)關系,處理(li)好可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)利用與并網消(xiao)(xiao)納的(de)關系。要堅持(chi)清(qing)潔(jie)低碳(tan)、綠色發(fa)展(zhan),保(bao)持(chi)優先(xian)發(fa)展(zhan)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)定力(li)不動搖,提高(gao)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)比重,努力(li)盡早實(shi)(shi)現到(dao)2030年非化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占一次(ci)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)比重達(da)到(dao)20%的(de)目標。
(一)做好頂層設計,提高規劃的科學性和協調性
國(guo)(guo)務院有(you)關部(bu)門要(yao)(yao)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)好可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)“十(shi)四五”規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)中(zhong)長期(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)戰(zhan)略研究,根據我國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型方(fang)向(xiang)和(he)各地可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟(bing)賦特點,做好可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)頂(ding)層設計(ji)。嚴格(ge)落實(shi)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)中(zhong)關于規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制度的(de)要(yao)(yao)求,突出規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)科學(xue)(xue)性(xing)、前瞻性(xing)和(he)約束(shu)性(xing),科學(xue)(xue)合理確定可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)目標和(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)時序(xu)(xu)(xu),統籌(chou)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)、輸送(song)、利用各環節的(de)部(bu)署安排(pai),積極促(cu)進(jin)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業持(chi)續(xu)健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。地方(fang)各級能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主管部(bu)門要(yao)(yao)以(yi)國(guo)(guo)家規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為依據,按照法(fa)律規(gui)(gui)(gui)定的(de)程序(xu)(xu)(xu)制定本行(xing)政區域可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)利用規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),加強(qiang)各級規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)有(you)效銜接(jie)。結合實(shi)際、因地制宜統籌(chou)安排(pai)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模、布(bu)局、時序(xu)(xu)(xu),科學(xue)(xue)有(you)序(xu)(xu)(xu)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)利用可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。相(xiang)關部(bu)門和(he)單位要(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)電網、可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)常規(gui)(gui)(gui)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與應(ying)對氣候(hou)變(bian)化等(deng)相(xiang)關規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)統籌(chou)銜接(jie),保證(zheng)各項規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)目標、任(ren)務和(he)措施相(xiang)互配套。加強(qiang)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與國(guo)(guo)土空間規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)統籌(chou)協(xie)調,依法(fa)對可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)相(xiang)關專(zhuan)項規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)環境影(ying)響(xiang)評(ping)價,促(cu)進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態保護和(he)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)持(chi)續(xu)協(xie)調發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。加強(qiang)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)執(zhi)行(xing)情況(kuang)(kuang)的(de)事(shi)前事(shi)中(zhong)監(jian)管,完善定期(qi)追蹤和(he)評(ping)估(gu)機制,嚴格(ge)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)目標執(zhi)行(xing)情況(kuang)(kuang)考核。
(二)完善體制機制,統籌解決可再生能源消納問題
國務院相關部(bu)門(men)要加(jia)快建立統(tong)一協調的(de)體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi),加(jia)強(qiang)溝(gou)通銜(xian)接(jie),共(gong)同研究(jiu)和(he)統(tong)籌(chou)處(chu)理(li)好可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開發和(he)消納利(li)(li)用(yong)的(de)關系,進一步提高可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)率。結(jie)合(he)電力(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)改革,抓緊研究(jiu)有(you)利(li)(li)于可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大規模并網的(de)電力(li)(li)運行體(ti)制(zhi)和(he)機(ji)制(zhi),完善以可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)指(zhi)標為導向的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展指(zhi)標考核體(ti)系。結(jie)合(he)北(bei)方(fang)冬季清(qing)潔(jie)取暖等相關政(zheng)策推進實施,鼓勵(li)分布式可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)自(zi)(zi)發自(zi)(zi)用(yong),促進就地消納利(li)(li)用(yong)。完善可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易機(ji)制(zhi),打(da)破省(sheng)間電力(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易壁壘,鼓勵(li)送受兩端市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)直接(jie)開展交(jiao)(jiao)易,有(you)針對性地建立可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電參(can)與電力(li)(li)現貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易的(de)體(ti)系。積極引導和(he)規范電力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建設(she),通過市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化方(fang)式提升可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。電網公(gong)司應加(jia)強(qiang)輸電通道(dao)建設(she),提高可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)(li)跨區域輸送能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。
(三)加強統籌協調,綜合研究解決補貼資金拖欠問題
國家發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)革、財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)、能(neng)源(yuan)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)門(men)要進一步(bu)完善可再(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)價格補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce),保(bao)持相關政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)科學(xue)性(xing)和(he)連續性(xing),合(he)理確定電(dian)(dian)價附(fu)加(jia)征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)標準動態調整和(he)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)退(tui)坡有(you)關政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)調整方(fang)向、節奏等(deng)(deng),穩定企(qi)業(ye)(ye)預期。要統籌(chou)考慮政(zheng)(zheng)府財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)(zhi)撐能(neng)力(li)(li)、環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)改(gai)善民(min)(min)生需(xu)(xu)(xu)求等(deng)(deng)多方(fang)面因素(su),開拓(tuo)思路提出解決(jue)存量(liang)項目(mu)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)缺口(kou)的(de)(de)新辦法,采取有(you)效措施控制新增(zeng)項目(mu)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求。強化可再(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)價附(fu)加(jia)征(zheng)繳,自(zi)備電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)應(ying)繳費用(yong)(yong)做到應(ying)收(shou)(shou)盡(jin)收(shou)(shou),增(zeng)加(jia)基金(jin)收(shou)(shou)入。鼓勵可再(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)通過參與電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場化交易(yi)、綠(lv)色(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)證書交易(yi)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)式減少補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求,研究出臺鼓勵存量(liang)項目(mu)自(zi)愿轉為平(ping)價項目(mu)的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)措施。進一步(bu)合(he)理控制新增(zeng)項目(mu)開發(fa)(fa)規(gui)模和(he)建設時序,規(gui)范補(bu)償范圍、優化補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)發(fa)(fa)放程序,縮(suo)小補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)缺口(kou),逐步(bu)實現收(shou)(shou)支(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)衡(heng)。制定鼓勵企(qi)業(ye)(ye)自(zi)發(fa)(fa)自(zi)用(yong)(yong)可再(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)。充分(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)資金(jin)的(de)(de)杠(gang)桿作用(yong)(yong),加(jia)大對民(min)(min)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)可再(zai)(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)金(jin)融支(zhi)(zhi)持力(li)(li)度。
(四)健全政策措施,實現可再生能源持續健康發展
根據不(bu)同種類可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段,區(qu)別制(zhi)定發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce),對產(chan)業(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對成(cheng)熟的(de),適當減(jian)少政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)規(gui)模和力(li)度,鼓勵其參與市場化競爭;對有發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)潛力(li)、進(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)較為緩慢的(de),加大(da)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)和財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)扶持(chi)。處理(li)好可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開發(fa)利用(yong)同生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)保(bao)護的(de)關(guan)系,研究(jiu)完善(shan)環境(jing)污(wu)染防治及廢棄(qi)物回收處理(li)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)定。推(tui)進(jin)抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電站建(jian)設、加強(qiang)火電靈(ling)活性改造(zao),提高電力(li)系統調峰調頻能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。進(jin)一步(bu)完善(shan)分布(bu)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)微網(wang)(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)鼓勵機(ji)制(zhi)和政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。進(jin)一步(bu)強(qiang)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物質燃(ran)料(liao)、可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)熱利用(yong)等(deng)(deng)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)非電應用(yong)的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi),加大(da)資(zi)金扶持(chi)力(li)度,完善(shan)配(pei)套(tao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)及相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)定,在入(ru)管(guan)入(ru)網(wang)(wang)入(ru)市等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)規(gui)范標準(zhun)、簡化程序,為可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)在各個領(ling)域推(tui)廣(guang)創(chuang)造(zao)條件。嚴格落實(shi)國家(jia)對可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開發(fa)利用(yong)項目的(de)增值(zhi)稅(shui)、所得稅(shui)、費(fei)(fei)用(yong)減(jian)免等(deng)(deng)稅(shui)費(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce),降低企業(ye)非技術成(cheng)本。完善(shan)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)統計評價體(ti)系,將各類可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)情況全部(bu)納入(ru)考核指標體(ti)系,倒逼可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)全面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。
(五)堅持科技創新,推動解決發展中出現的問題
按照國家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)布局(ju),建(jian)立和(he)(he)完善可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創新體(ti)(ti)系(xi),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)創新能(neng)(neng)力(li)和(he)(he)裝備制造水平(ping)。鼓勵企業開(kai)展(zhan)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)關(guan)(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)創新攻關(guan)(guan),推動核(he)心元器件(jian)國產(chan)(chan)化(hua)(hua)進程(cheng),提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性和(he)(he)可(ke)靠(kao)性,加(jia)強(qiang)深海、遠海風(feng)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)推廣。緊跟世(shi)界研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)方(fang)向和(he)(he)前(qian)沿技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),探索(suo)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池低(di)成(cheng)本制造、新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)池開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)等相關(guan)(guan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),適時開(kai)展(zhan)示(shi)范(fan),推動產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)。加(jia)快生物天然氣和(he)(he)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)燃料的(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)創新與發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),形成(cheng)產(chan)(chan)業的(de)核(he)心設備研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)能(neng)(neng)力(li)和(he)(he)檢(jian)測(ce)認(ren)證(zheng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi),支(zhi)持推進相關(guan)(guan)產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)。加(jia)快擴(kuo)大地熱(re)供(gong)暖在(zai)北方(fang)地區清潔取暖中的(de)規模和(he)(he)商業化(hua)(hua)應用(yong)(yong),探索(suo)地熱(re)能(neng)(neng)梯級綜(zong)合高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)利用(yong)(yong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)和(he)(he)商業模式(shi)。加(jia)強(qiang)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)多能(neng)(neng)互補系(xi)統集成(cheng)優化(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究和(he)(he)示(shi)范(fan),提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)效(xiao)率。推動智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)網、柔(rou)性直流、特高(gao)(gao)壓等先進輸配電(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),開(kai)展(zhan)儲能(neng)(neng)、負荷側調(diao)節(jie)等新技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)應用(yong)(yong),促進高(gao)(gao)比例可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統融合,提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)安全可(ke)靠(kao)應用(yong)(yong)水平(ping)。支(zhi)持建(jian)立可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)公(gong)共技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)平(ping)臺、關(guan)(guan)鍵設備檢(jian)測(ce)試驗平(ping)臺,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)公(gong)共技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)服務能(neng)(neng)力(li)和(he)(he)標準化(hua)(hua)水平(ping)。
(六)進一步修改完善可再生能源法
根據推進生(sheng)態(tai)文明建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結構調(diao)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)要求,針對當前可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)形勢、新(xin)問題,建(jian)議適時啟動可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)修改(gai)。在立法(fa)(fa)(fa)目的(de)(de)(de)中充分體(ti)現黨(dang)中央(yang)關(guan)于推進生(sheng)態(tai)文明建(jian)設(she)以及推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)消費革(ge)命的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略部署,進一步修改(gai)完(wan)善(shan)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)全額(e)保(bao)障性收購(gou)制(zhi)度(du),綜合(he)考慮經濟技術條件,制(zhi)定(ding)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用率(lv)目標,明確(que)由電(dian)(dian)網企業、售(shou)電(dian)(dian)企業和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)力(li)用戶共同(tong)承擔全額(e)保(bao)障性收購(gou)責任(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律定(ding)位(wei)。明確(que)規(gui)定(ding)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)目標引導以及可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)消納(na)責任(ren)(ren)權重考核(he)機制(zhi),形成(cheng)更加(jia)科學合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)目標責任(ren)(ren)考核(he)體(ti)系。適當調(diao)整(zheng)有關(guan)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)補貼(tie)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding),加(jia)快完(wan)善(shan)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)市場化形成(cheng)機制(zhi)。明確(que)對脫貧(pin)攻堅任(ren)(ren)務重、相關(guan)綜合(he)試點地區(qu)給予政策(ce)優惠等。細化支持可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)非電(dian)(dian)應用的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding),加(jia)大(da)政策(ce)和(he)(he)資金扶持力(li)度(du)。細化相關(guan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律責任(ren)(ren)條款,強化電(dian)(dian)網、石油、燃(ran)氣、熱力(li)等企業的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律責任(ren)(ren)。