為深入學(xue)習貫徹習近平新時代中國特色(se)社會主義思想和(he)黨(dang)的十九大精(jing)神,認真(zhen)落實中央(yang)經(jing)濟(ji)工(gong)(gong)作會議(yi)和(he)政府工(gong)(gong)作報告部(bu)署(shu)要求,深化(hua)電(dian)力(li)體制改革,不斷(duan)提高(gao)電(dian)力(li)交易市場化(hua)程度,近期,國家發(fa)展(zhan)改革委印發(fa)《關于全面放開經(jing)營性電(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)戶發(fa)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)計(ji)劃的通知》(發(fa)改運行〔2019〕1105號,以下簡(jian)稱《通知》),明確經(jing)營性電(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)戶發(fa)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)計(ji)劃全面放開。
2018年7月,國(guo)家發展改革委、國(guo)家能源局聯合印發了(le)《關(guan)于積極推進電(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)化交易進一(yi)步完善(shan)交易機制的通知》(發改運行(xing)〔2018〕1027號(hao)),試點在煤炭(tan)、鋼鐵、有色、建材4個重點行(xing)業全面放(fang)(fang)開電(dian)(dian)力用(yong)戶發用(yong)電(dian)(dian)計劃(hua)。實踐表(biao)明(ming),發用(yong)電(dian)(dian)由計劃(hua)逐步向市場(chang)過(guo)渡,大大促進了(le)改革紅利釋放(fang)(fang)和實體經濟發展,充分發揮了(le)市場(chang)在資源優化配置中的決定性作用(yong)。
《通知》一(yi)方面明(ming)確全面放開(kai)經營(ying)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用戶(hu)發(fa)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji)劃的范圍、原則和(he)保(bao)障措(cuo)施。除(chu)城鄉居民生(sheng)活用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、公共服務(wu)及管(guan)理組織、農林(lin)牧漁等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用戶(hu)以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力生(sheng)產所必需的廠用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)線損(sun)之(zhi)外,其(qi)他大工業(ye)和(he)一(yi)般工商(shang)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用戶(hu)原則上均屬于經營(ying)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用戶(hu)范疇,均應該(gai)全面放開(kai)。另一(yi)方面繼(ji)續完善優(you)先(xian)(xian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)優(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)制度。要(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)一(yi)步落實規(gui)范優(you)先(xian)(xian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、優(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理有關(guan)要(yao)求(qiu),加強分類(lei)施策,抓緊研究保(bao)障優(you)先(xian)(xian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、優(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)執(zhi)行(xing)的措(cuo)施,統籌做好優(you)先(xian)(xian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)優(you)先(xian)(xian)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji)劃規(gui)范管(guan)理工作。
《通知》包(bao)括7個部分、共(gong)26條,主要內(nei)容(rong)如下:
一是明確全面放開發用電計劃的范圍。對經營性電(dian)力用戶中暫不具(ju)備(bei)參(can)與市場條件的企(qi)業(ye)提出了具(ju)體(ti)要求。擁有燃(ran)煤自(zi)備(bei)電(dian)廠(chang)的企(qi)業(ye)按照國家有關規(gui)定承擔政府(fu)性基金及附加、政策性交叉補貼、普遍服務和社(she)會責(ze)任,成為(wei)合格(ge)市場主體(ti)后,其自(zi)發自(zi)用以外電(dian)量可(ke)參(can)與交易。
二是支持中小用戶參與市場化交易。經(jing)營性(xing)電力用戶全面放開(kai)參(can)(can)與市場化(hua)交(jiao)易主(zhu)要形式可以包括直接(jie)參(can)(can)與、由售電公司代理參(can)(can)與、其他各地根(gen)據實際情(qing)況(kuang)研究(jiu)明確的(de)市場化(hua)方式等,支(zhi)持中小用戶由售電公司代理參(can)(can)加市場化(hua)交(jiao)易。
三是健全全面放開經營性發用電計劃后的價格形成機制。鼓勵電(dian)力用戶和(he)發電(dian)企業自主(zhu)協商簽(qian)訂合(he)同(tong)時,以靈活可浮動的(de)形式確定具體價(jia)格,價(jia)格浮動方式由雙方事先(xian)約定。
四是做好公益性用電的供應保障工作。進一步(bu)落實規范(fan)優(you)(you)先發電(dian)(dian)、優(you)(you)先購電(dian)(dian)管理有關要(yao)求,對農業、居民生活及黨政機關、學校、醫(yi)院、公(gong)共交通、金融、通信(xin)、郵政、供水、供氣等(deng)重要(yao)公(gong)用(yong)事業、公(gong)益性服務等(deng)用(yong)戶安排優(you)(you)先購電(dian)(dian)。
五是做好規劃內清潔能源的發電保障工作。研究推進保障(zhang)(zhang)優先發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)政策執行,重點考慮核電(dian)(dian)(dian)、水電(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等清潔(jie)能源的保障(zhang)(zhang)性收購;積(ji)極推進風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)無補貼平價(jia)(jia)上網(wang)工作,將平價(jia)(jia)上網(wang)和(he)低價(jia)(jia)上網(wang)項(xiang)目(mu)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)納(na)入優先發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃(hua)予以保障(zhang)(zhang)。
六是加強電力直接交易履約監管。市(shi)(shi)場主體按(an)照(zhao)市(shi)(shi)場交(jiao)易(yi)規則(ze)組(zu)織簽訂(ding)直接(jie)交(jiao)易(yi)合(he)同,并嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)合(he)同內容履約(yue)(yue)(yue)執(zhi)行,由(you)政府(fu)有(you)關部門及(ji)監管機構(gou)加強(qiang)電力直接(jie)交(jiao)易(yi)的履約(yue)(yue)(yue)監管,促使市(shi)(shi)場主體牢固樹立契(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)意識(shi)和信(xin)用意識(shi)。
七是做好跨省跨區市場化交易協調保障工作。在跨(kua)省(sheng)跨(kua)區市場化(hua)交易中,鼓勵(li)網對(dui)(dui)(dui)網、網對(dui)(dui)(dui)點的直接(jie)(jie)交易,對(dui)(dui)(dui)有(you)條件的地區,有(you)序(xu)支持點對(dui)(dui)(dui)網、點對(dui)(dui)(dui)點直接(jie)(jie)交易。對(dui)(dui)(dui)跨(kua)省(sheng)跨(kua)區送受端市場主(zhu)體對(dui)(dui)(dui)等放開,促進資源(yuan)大范圍優化(hua)配置和(he)清潔能源(yuan)消納。