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“現在是1.14元/千瓦(wa)時，我特意問(wen)了物業，名目就是電(dian)費(fei)，純電(dian)費(fei)。”3月19日，在武(wu)漢(han)市(shi)中部創意大廈(sha)寫字樓內辦公的張某(mou)再次(ci)給記者發來信息。

去(qu)年9月，記者曾(ceng)就電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)問題采訪過張(zhang)某。彼(bi)時(shi)，為(wei)了貫徹落實去(qu)年3月份政府工作報告中“一般工商(shang)(shang)(shang)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)平均降低10%”的(de)要(yao)求，湖(hu)北省一般工商(shang)(shang)(shang)業及其他用電(dian)(dian)(dian)目錄(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)下調至0.783元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)（用電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級不滿1千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏），而(er)張(zhang)某所在的(de)寫(xie)字樓電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)卻高(gao)達1.23元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)。時(shi)隔半年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)雖有下調，但仍遠高(gao)于目錄(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)0.357元(yuan)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)。換(huan)言(yan)之(zhi)，張(zhang)某作為(wei)一般工商(shang)(shang)(shang)業用戶(hu)，并未(wei)充分享受到(dao)“降電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)”政策(ce)的(de)實惠。

張某所在企業的遭遇并非孤(gu)例，據國家發改委價格司巡視(shi)員張滿(man)英此前介紹，全(quan)國存在類似情況(kuang)的商業用(yong)戶達3400多萬戶。

繼去年降低(di)電(dian)價10%之后，今年政府(fu)工(gong)作(zuo)報告再次提出“深(shen)化(hua)電(dian)力市場化(hua)改革，清理電(dian)價附加收費，降低(di)制造業(ye)(ye)用電(dian)成本，一般工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)平均(jun)電(dian)價再降低(di)10%”，讓一般工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)用戶有了更多期待。

去年的商戶(hu)電價為(wei)何難降？新一輪降價政策如何才能(neng)真正(zheng)惠(hui)及一般(ban)工商業用戶(hu)？主管部門又該(gai)如何精準施策，提(ti)升用戶(hu)的獲得感？

“不清楚有無降價政策”“沒有明顯感覺電費降低”

國家發改委(wei)數據顯示，去年(nian)“一(yi)般工(gong)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價平(ping)均降(jiang)低10%”的(de)(de)(de)政策，為(wei)一(yi)般工(gong)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)節(jie)省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費支出超過1000億元。為(wei)落實這一(yi)政策，去年(nian)7月國家發改委(wei)辦公廳(ting)印發的(de)(de)(de)《關于清理規(gui)范(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環節(jie)收費有關事項的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)知》明(ming)確要求，“轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體要將今年(nian)以來的(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)價政策措(cuo)施全部傳導到終(zhong)端(duan)用(yong)戶(hu)”“確保降(jiang)價成果真正惠及終(zhong)端(duan)用(yong)戶(hu)”。其中的(de)(de)(de)“轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)(ye)無法直接供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終(zhong)端(duan)用(yong)戶(hu)，需由其他主(zhu)體轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)供的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體通(tong)常包括大(da)型商(shang)(shang)場(chang)、產業(ye)(ye)園區、物業(ye)(ye)、寫字樓(lou)(lou)等，他們(men)先從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)買電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然(ran)后再轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)賣給(gei)商(shang)(shang)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)店鋪(pu)、寫字樓(lou)(lou)租戶(hu)。張(zhang)某所(suo)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)武漢市中部創意大(da)廈就是轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體，這也是張(zhang)某所(suo)在(zai)公司電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價難降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)“癥結”所(suo)在(zai)。

張滿英(ying)表示，我國非(fei)電網直供的一般工商業(ye)用(yong)戶(hu)有(you)3400多萬戶(hu)，轉供電主體用(yong)戶(hu)有(you)40萬戶(hu)左右，這些用(yong)戶(hu)到(dao)現在(zai)還沒有(you)完全(quan)享受到(dao)電價降10%的福利。

國家市場監督管(guan)理總局1月底發(fa)布的(de)(de)通報顯示，北上廣等地(di)的(de)(de)部(bu)分轉供電主體(ti)，對國家電價政策(ce)存在不同程度的(de)(de)執(zhi)行不到位情況。

以(yi)北京西鐵營萬達廣場商(shang)(shang)業(ye)管理有限公(gong)司為例，通報顯示該公(gong)司以(yi)1.50元/千瓦(wa)時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價向商(shang)(shang)業(ye)綜合體內步行街(jie)商(shang)(shang)戶(hu)收(shou)取(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)，以(yi)1.35元/千瓦(wa)時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價向寫字樓商(shang)(shang)戶(hu)收(shou)取(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)雖已退(tui)還萬達因一般工商(shang)(shang)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價降價多收(shou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)，但該公(gong)司直至2018年(nian)底并未(wei)將該部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)退(tui)還商(shang)(shang)戶(hu)。同時，自2018年(nian)11月19日起，該公(gong)司還按北京市(shi)城區一般工商(shang)(shang)業(ye)（用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級不滿(man)1千伏）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價26.67%的(de)(de)比例，向商(shang)(shang)戶(hu)收(shou)取(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務費(fei)(fei)，“用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)補償共(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)設施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及甲方對乙(yi)方商(shang)(shang)鋪供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)各(ge)類損耗費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”，而物(wu)業(ye)服務合同中(zhong)明確物(wu)業(ye)服務費(fei)(fei)已包含“物(wu)業(ye)共(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)部位(wei)、共(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)設施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)能耗和日常運行、維護費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”,存在重(zhong)復收(shou)取(qu)共(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)設施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)現象。

3月20日晚，記者以租賃(lin)商鋪(pu)名義(yi)在(zai)西鐵營萬達(da)咨詢(xun)時(shi)，一(yi)位魏(wei)姓(xing)工作(zuo)人員答復(fu)：寫字樓現(xian)在(zai)執行1.35元/千瓦(wa)時(shi)的定額電(dian)價(jia)，商業(ye)綜(zong)合體部分(fen)執行峰谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)，平均算下來在(zai)1.4元/千瓦(wa)時(shi)左右。“此前分(fen)為電(dian)費和服務(wu)費兩種(zhong)來收取。現(xian)在(zai)我們已經改了(le)，完(wan)全按(an)照物(wu)價(jia)部門標準，該降(jiang)的也降(jiang)了(le)。”

記者進一步走訪多(duo)家商鋪，聽到較多(duo)的回(hui)答卻(que)是：“不清楚(chu)有無降(jiang)價政策”“沒(mei)有明(ming)顯(xian)感覺電費降(jiang)低”。

“聽說(shuo)有過退(tui)費，商(shang)場直接(jie)將(jiang)退(tui)回的(de)錢(qian)存(cun)在電(dian)費儲值卡里，為什么(me)退(tui)之類的(de)我(wo)也說(shuo)不(bu)清楚(chu)。目(mu)前，只知道電(dian)費加服務費大概是1.5元/千瓦(wa)時。”一(yi)家餐飲店(dian)店(dian)長(chang)說(shuo)。另一(yi)美發(fa)店(dian)負責人則稱是按(an)1.7元/千瓦(wa)時的(de)標準交(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)費：“我(wo)們是永輝超市合作店(dian)鋪，并非直接(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)費給萬(wan)達商(shang)場，而是交(jiao)(jiao)給開在萬(wan)達內的(de)永輝，不(bu)分峰谷，都是一(yi)個價錢(qian)。”

“該降的”真的降了嗎？北(bei)京市發改委于2018年8月(yue)31日發布的《關于降低(di)(di)本市一(yi)般工商(shang)(shang)業銷售電價有關問題的通知》顯示(shi)，當年9月(yue)1日起(qi)，北(bei)京市城(cheng)區一(yi)般工商(shang)(shang)業用(yong)戶電價每(mei)千瓦(wa)時下(xia)調(diao)3.67分。據(ju)此(ci)標準，在(zai)夏季尖峰(feng)、高峰(feng)、平段、低(di)(di)谷時段，一(yi)般工商(shang)(shang)業（用(yong)電電壓(ya)等級不滿1千伏）電價每(mei)千瓦(wa)時標準分別(bie)為(wei)1.4753元(yuan)(yuan)、1.3460元(yuan)(yuan)、0.8203元(yuan)(yuan)、0.3206元(yuan)(yuan)。換言之(zhi)，即便在(zai)尖峰(feng)時段，電費標準也未超(chao)過1.5元(yuan)(yuan)/千瓦(wa)時。

“此前商場的電表供商戶免費使用，現在電價降了，電表就要收費”

而(er)除所謂“服務費(fei)(fei)”“管理費(fei)(fei)”，部(bu)分商場還會收(shou)(shou)取(qu)其(qi)他名目(mu)的(de)費(fei)(fei)用。國內另一(yi)(yi)大型商業(ye)地產公司招商經理尹(yin)(yin)某向記者透露：“在(zai)(zai)電價(jia)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)下調(diao)之前(qian)，商場的(de)電表是(shi)供商戶免費(fei)(fei)使用的(de)，現在(zai)(zai)電價(jia)降(jiang)了(le)，電表就要收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)。而(er)且以前(qian)電費(fei)(fei)的(de)收(shou)(shou)取(qu)是(shi)固定的(de)，現在(zai)(zai)有(you)了(le)‘服務費(fei)(fei)’‘管理費(fei)(fei)’的(de)名目(mu)，在(zai)(zai)招商過程中就有(you)了(le)新的(de)談判(pan)空間。”尹(yin)(yin)某表示(shi)，其(qi)所在(zai)(zai)公司目(mu)前(qian)正在(zai)(zai)制定新的(de)電費(fei)(fei)收(shou)(shou)取(qu)辦法，總體上將采取(qu)“目(mu)錄(lu)電價(jia)+管理費(fei)(fei)”的(de)模式。“具體的(de)細節還沒(mei)(mei)有(you)最終確定，很(hen)多新合同卡在(zai)(zai)這里還沒(mei)(mei)向下推進。電價(jia)原(yuan)來是(shi)1.3元/千瓦時(shi)左右，現在(zai)(zai)要下調(diao)到(dao)目(mu)錄(lu)電價(jia)的(de)不足0.7元/千瓦時(shi)，管理費(fei)(fei)還沒(mei)(mei)最后敲定，但(dan)是(shi)……”尹(yin)(yin)某稍作(zuo)停頓，“這么跟你說吧，我們不會虧一(yi)(yi)分錢。”

對(dui)此，中國商業聯(lian)合會(hui)秘書長李(li)祥波(bo)表示，在很(hen)多(duo)大型商業地(di)(di)產(chan)企業中，個(ge)別區域的(de)門店(dian)會(hui)有(you)很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)自主(zhu)權。“即便(bian)是總部(bu)層面表了(le)態，有(you)時候(hou)要(yao)層層落實下去也需要(yao)克服很(hen)多(duo)困難，可能就會(hui)存(cun)在一些(xie)不到位的(de)地(di)(di)方。”李(li)祥波(bo)還指出，對(dui)于一些(xie)個(ge)人業主(zhu)，落實起來會(hui)更加困難。“像(xiang)是很(hen)多(duo)街(jie)邊便(bian)利(li)店(dian)，租(zu)用他(ta)人的(de)房(fang)屋，電網確實降了(le)電價，但是房(fang)東并(bing)沒有(you)同時給租(zu)戶降價。這樣的(de)案例非(fei)常多(duo)，但多(duo)是分散的(de)小用戶，很(hen)難監管。”

電(dian)(dian)費“明(ming)降暗增(zeng)”、降價遭遇“截胡”——部(bu)分(fen)(fen)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)人士(shi)同(tong)樣深有(you)感觸(chu)。“江(jiang)西電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)去(qu)年(nian)累計向一般工商業企業讓利(li)約(yue)50億元，部(bu)分(fen)(fen)轉供(gong)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體卻存(cun)在肆意加(jia)價等(deng)情況。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)沒有(you)執法權，很難強制對他(ta)們提要求(qiu)。電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)曾聯合相關(guan)部(bu)門進(jin)行了清理(li)，發現光是加(jia)價部(bu)分(fen)(fen)就有(you)4億多元。”國家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)管理(li)學院常務副(fu)院長(chang)、國網(wang)(wang)江(jiang)西省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)有(you)限公司原董(dong)事長(chang)于金鎰告訴記者。

南方電(dian)(dian)網(wang)廣西電(dian)(dian)網(wang)有限責任公司董事(shi)長揣(chuai)小勇也向(xiang)記者證實，受(shou)商業利益驅(qu)使，部分轉供(gong)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體(ti)存在(zai)僥幸、抵觸心理，以各(ge)種理由拖(tuo)延或拒絕執行(xing)。還有部分轉供(gong)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體(ti)存在(zai)隨(sui)意加(jia)價(jia)、不(bu)退補多收電(dian)(dian)費(fei)、分攤電(dian)(dian)費(fei)不(bu)公示、隨(sui)意加(jia)價(jia)電(dian)(dian)費(fei)或變(bian)相提價(jia)等行(xing)為，導致終(zhong)端用戶對電(dian)(dian)費(fei)收取產(chan)生誤(wu)解(jie)，影響了降電(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策(ce)獲得感。