无码日韩精品一区二区免费暖暖,久久精品国产精品亚洲,开心播播网,女人床技48动态图,国产精品无码免费专区午夜

7月10日，青(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)發(fa)(fa)改委、能源(yuan)局(ju)、西北電監局(ju)、青(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)自然資(zi)源(yuan)廳、林草局(ju)等五(wu)部(bu)門聯合發(fa)(fa)布《關于推動“十四五(wu)”光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電項目規模(mo)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的通知(zhi)》（下(xia)文簡稱“通知(zhi)”），根據通知(zhi)：

光(guang)熱(re)一體化(hua)(hua)項目(指光(guang)熱(re)與(yu)光(guang)伏(fu)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)等新能源的(de)一體化(hua)(hua)項目)可不配(pei)套(tao)其他(ta)調節能力設施。新能源與(yu)光(guang)熱(re)比例(li)最高為(wei)6∶1。納(na)入(ru)2021、2022年建(jian)設方案并如期并網(wang)的(de)光(guang)熱(re)項目，上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價按照(zhao)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)價執行(xing)（青海煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿電(dian)(dian)(dian)價為(wei)0.3247元/kWh，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)執行(xing)0.2277元/kWh）。

2023年4月，國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)發布(bu)《國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)綜合司關于推動光熱發電規模化(hua)發展有關事項的通知》，提出：力爭“十四五(wu)“期間，全國(guo)光熱發電每年新增開工(gong)規模達到300萬千瓦(wa)左(zuo)右。暫按內(nei)蒙古80萬千瓦(wa)，甘肅70萬千瓦(wa)，青海100萬千瓦(wa)，寧夏10萬千瓦(wa)，新疆(jiang)20萬千瓦(wa)配(pei)置。

2022年，新疆自治區曾下發大(da)量“光(guang)伏：光(guang)伏=9:1”的市(shi)場化并網(wang)項目，通(tong)過配置一定比例光(guang)熱來調節光(guang)伏的出力(li)。

光熱發電優勢多，卻被成本攔住腳步

光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)兼具(ju)調(diao)(diao)峰電(dian)源(yuan)和(he)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)雙重功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)機組(zu)配置(zhi)儲熱(re)(re)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)后，熱(re)(re)量產(chan)生時并(bing)不全都用掉它們(men)，而(er)是利(li)用加熱(re)(re)熔鹽的(de)方式(shi)存儲一部分熱(re)(re)量，保(bao)存在(zai)特制(zhi)的(de)保(bao)溫儲罐(guan)直到需要的(de)時候再取出(chu)來。存儲在(zai)熔鹽中的(de)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)以維持(chi)發(fa)電(dian)數個小時，理論(lun)上甚至(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)達到數天。具(ju)備這種(zhong)特殊能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)站，可(ke)實現用新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)調(diao)(diao)節、支撐新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，為(wei)電(dian)力系統(tong)提供更好的(de)長周期調(diao)(diao)峰能(neng)(neng)(neng)力和(he)轉動慣量，是新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全可(ke)靠(kao)替(ti)代(dai)傳統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)有效(xiao)手段。電(dian)力規劃(hua)設計總院以新疆(jiang)電(dian)網為(wei)例模擬計算光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)調(diao)(diao)峰作用，結果發(fa)現，假定建設100萬(wan)千(qian)瓦至(zhi)500萬(wan)千(qian)瓦不同規模的(de)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)機組(zu)，可(ke)減(jian)少棄風棄光(guang)(guang)電(dian)量10.2%至(zhi)37.6%。

同時，光熱發電產業(ye)鏈長，可(ke)(ke)消化(hua)提升特種玻璃、鋼鐵(tie)、水泥、熔融鹽(yan)等(deng)(deng)傳統產業(ye)，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)帶動(dong)新材料(liao)、智能控制等(deng)(deng)新興產業(ye)發展，光熱發電規(gui)模化(hua)開發利用將成(cheng)為(wei)我國新能源(yuan)產業(ye)新的(de)增長點。

為推動我國(guo)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展，國(guo)家能源(yuan)局(ju)2016年啟動首批20個光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)示范(fan)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，裝機規(gui)模總量(liang)達(da)(da)134.9萬千瓦(wa)(wa)，開(kai)啟了我國(guo)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的商業化(hua)進(jin)程。通過(guo)首批示范(fan)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，帶動了相關企(qi)業自主創新(xin)，突破了多項(xiang)核(he)心技術，并(bing)形成(cheng)了完整的產(chan)(chan)業鏈(lian)，目(mu)(mu)前(qian)設備國(guo)產(chan)(chan)化(hua)率超過(guo)90%，為后續光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術大規(gui)模發(fa)(fa)展奠(dian)定了堅實基礎。截至2022年底，我國(guo)并(bing)網發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)示范(fan)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)共9個，總容量(liang)55萬千瓦(wa)(wa)。對比“每年新(xin)增開(kai)工規(gui)模達(da)(da)到(dao)300萬千瓦(wa)(wa)左右(you)”目(mu)(mu)標，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)模有望迎(ying)來高(gao)速增長。

但在實際發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規模已被光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遠遠甩開。目前(qian)制約我(wo)國光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)主要(yao)因(yin)素在于相關政(zheng)策缺乏連續(xu)性，比如(ru)，2016年(nian)國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委(wei)核定太陽能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿(gan)上網示范(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價后，企(qi)業建(jian)設熱(re)情高漲；2020年(nian)初出臺的(de)《關于促進非(fei)水可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)健(jian)康(kang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)若干意見》明確(que)(que)，新增光(guang)熱(re)項目不再(zai)(zai)納入中央財政(zheng)補(bu)貼范(fan)圍，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)良(liang)好發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)勢頭受到明顯影(ying)響。政(zheng)策不明確(que)(que)導(dao)致當前(qian)我(wo)國光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)缺乏市場發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)空間，成(cheng)本也無(wu)法通過規模化應用(yong)持續(xu)降低，處(chu)于起(qi)步階段的(de)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)業舉步維(wei)艱(jian)。同時(shi)，現行融資環(huan)境、土地政(zheng)策、稅(shui)收政(zheng)策無(wu)法為光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)健(jian)康(kang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提供有(you)力支撐。

借(jie)著推動光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)規模化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)東風，還需鼓(gu)勵有條件的(de)(de)省份和地(di)(di)區(qu)盡快研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)出臺財(cai)政、價格(ge)、土地(di)(di)等支持(chi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)規模化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)配套(tao)政策，提前規劃百萬千(qian)瓦、千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦級光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)(di)，率先打造光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)產業集群(qun)。內(nei)蒙古、甘(gan)肅(su)、青海、新(xin)(xin)疆等光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)重(zhong)點(dian)省份（自治區(qu)）能(neng)源主管部(bu)門要積極(ji)推進光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目規劃建設，根據研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)成果及(ji)時(shi)調(diao)整相關規劃或相關基地(di)(di)實施方案，統籌協調(diao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏、光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)規劃布局，合理布局或預留光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)場(chang)址，在本(ben)省新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源基地(di)(di)建設中同步推動光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目規模化(hua)(hua)、產業化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)在新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源占比逐漸提高(gao)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中的(de)(de)作用，推動光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)實現(xian)關鍵一躍。

光熱發電的技術路線

按照聚光(guang)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)來劃分(fen)(fen)，光(guang)熱(re)發電分(fen)(fen)為(wei)塔(ta)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、槽式(shi)(shi)(shi)、線(xian)性(xing)菲(fei)涅爾式(shi)(shi)(shi)、碟式(shi)(shi)(shi)四種技(ji)術路線(xian)。其中塔(ta)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)碟式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)點(dian)聚焦，槽式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)線(xian)性(xing)菲(fei)涅爾式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)線(xian)聚焦。目(mu)前，應用較為(wei)廣泛的為(wei)槽式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)塔(ta)式(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)術路線(xian)。在全(quan)球主要國家(jia)和(he)地區的光(guang)熱(re)發電裝機中，槽式(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)比77%，塔(ta)式(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)比20%；我國光(guang)熱(re)裝機則采(cai)用塔(ta)式(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)術較多，占(zhan)比63%，槽式(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)比26%

1、槽式

槽(cao)(cao)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)技術(shu)(shu)是(shi)將平(ping)行于槽(cao)(cao)形(xing)拋物(wu)(wu)面(mian)主軸線的(de)(de)太陽(yang)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)聚(ju)焦到(dao)集(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)管中，并將多個槽(cao)(cao)形(xing)拋物(wu)(wu)面(mian)聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)集(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)器經過串并聯組合構成聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)集(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)，以此吸(xi)收太陽(yang)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)能(neng)，產生過熱(re)(re)(re)蒸(zheng)汽驅動發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組發(fa)電(dian)。槽(cao)(cao)式(shi)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)優(you)點在于聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)與集(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)部件簡(jian)單(dan)、能(neng)量收集(ji)跟蹤(zong)控(kong)制簡(jian)便，但其聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)較(jiao)(jiao)低、散熱(re)(re)(re)面(mian)積較(jiao)(jiao)大，從而(er)導致光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)轉化效率(lv)和系(xi)統(tong)工作溫度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)低。

槽(cao)(cao)式(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)包括(kuo)導熱(re)油槽(cao)(cao)式(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)和熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)槽(cao)(cao)式(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)，其主要區別(bie)在(zai)(zai)于傳熱(re)介質分別(bie)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)導熱(re)油和熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)。導熱(re)油的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作溫(wen)度在(zai)(zai)400℃左右，這(zhe)決定了經過蒸汽(qi)發生系統(tong)后主蒸汽(qi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度在(zai)(zai)370-410℃，因此(ci)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)中溫(wen)高壓汽(qi)輪(lun)機熱(re)效率約為(wei)(wei)38%。而熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)的(de)(de)(de)最高使用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)度可達(da)565℃，因此(ci)當傳熱(re)介質采(cai)用(yong)(yong)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)時，主蒸汽(qi)溫(wen)度在(zai)(zai)535℃左右，此(ci)時汽(qi)輪(lun)機熱(re)效率提(ti)升(sheng)至45%。除此(ci)之外(wai)，油槽(cao)(cao)系統(tong)儲罐(guan)的(de)(de)(de)儲熱(re)溫(wen)差(cha)為(wei)(wei)90℃（290℃-380℃），鹽(yan)槽(cao)(cao)系統(tong)儲罐(guan)的(de)(de)(de)儲熱(re)溫(wen)差(cha)為(wei)(wei)260℃（190℃-550℃），故鹽(yan)槽(cao)(cao)儲罐(guan)比油槽(cao)(cao)儲罐(guan)具有(you)更(geng)大的(de)(de)(de)儲熱(re)空間(jian)，在(zai)(zai)儲罐(guan)容(rong)量相同的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，儲能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)投(tou)資更(geng)少。因此(ci)，熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)槽(cao)(cao)式(shi)光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)站更(geng)適合作為(wei)(wei)儲熱(re)型光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)站。

2、塔式

塔式發(fa)(fa)電(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是一種集(ji)中型光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。通過(guo)將(jiang)成(cheng)(cheng)千上(shang)萬臺(tai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)日(ri)鏡(jing)布局(ju)成(cheng)(cheng)圓周形，并在(zai)鏡(jing)場中心安(an)置一座幾(ji)百(bai)米(mi)高的(de)吸熱(re)塔。定(ding)(ding)(ding)日(ri)鏡(jing)包含安(an)裝在(zai)鋼結構支架上(shang)的(de)反射鏡(jing)，以及俯仰角和回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)角的(de)跟蹤(zong)驅動(dong)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)日(ri)鏡(jing)場獨立跟蹤(zong)太陽光(guang)，將(jiang)太陽光(guang)聚(ju)集(ji)到吸熱(re)塔頂(ding)部的(de)接收器(qi)中以產生高溫(wen)，加熱(re)熔鹽，熔鹽與水(shui)換熱(re)，產生高溫(wen)蒸汽，帶動(dong)汽輪發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機做功發(fa)(fa)電(dian)。塔式系統(tong)中，熔鹽為(wei)傳儲能介(jie)質，換熱(re)后(hou)主蒸汽溫(wen)度(du)可達550℃。除此(ci)之外，其聚(ju)光(guang)與集(ji)熱(re)系統(tong)的(de)控制(zhi)較為(wei)復(fu)雜，維護成(cheng)(cheng)本較高。但塔式系統(tong)聚(ju)光(guang)倍數(shu)高、光(guang)熱(re)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)效率高、熱(re)量(liang)傳遞路徑短，非常適合大(da)(da)規模、大(da)(da)容量(liang)的(de)商業(ye)化(hua)應用，因此(ci)塔式光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)被(bei)認為(wei)是未(wei)來主流技(ji)(ji)術(shu)路線，具備(bei)良好的(de)發(fa)(fa)展前景。

線性(xing)菲涅(nie)(nie)(nie)爾(er)(er)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)聚(ju)光(guang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)由拋(pao)(pao)物(wu)面(mian)式(shi)(shi)聚(ju)光(guang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)演化而(er)來(lai)(lai)，其工(gong)作(zuo)原理與槽(cao)式(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)類似(si)，但(dan)其鏡(jing)面(mian)無(wu)需保持拋(pao)(pao)物(wu)面(mian)形(xing)狀，而(er)是采用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)菲涅(nie)(nie)(nie)爾(er)(er)結構(gou)的(de)(de)聚(ju)光(guang)鏡(jing)來(lai)(lai)代替拋(pao)(pao)物(wu)面(mian)。在(zai)運行過程中，太陽輻射通過一(yi)次平面(mian)反射鏡(jing)聚(ju)焦(jiao)到(dao)塔桿頂后再經(jing)二次反射鏡(jing)到(dao)線性(xing)集熱(re)器上，以此加熱(re)工(gong)質，工(gong)質與水(shui)換(huan)熱(re)后產生高(gao)溫(wen)蒸汽，推動汽輪機(ji)發(fa)電(dian)。菲涅(nie)(nie)(nie)爾(er)(er)式(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)菲涅(nie)(nie)(nie)爾(er)(er)結構(gou)聚(ju)光(guang)鏡(jing)雖然降低了(le)(le)聚(ju)光(guang)鏡(jing)生產的(de)(de)技術難度和成本(ben)，但(dan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)總體(ti)效率有(you)待(dai)提高(gao)。目(mu)前國內采用(yong)(yong)線性(xing)菲涅(nie)(nie)(nie)爾(er)(er)式(shi)(shi)技術的(de)(de)光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)站(zhan)只(zhi)有(you)蘭州大(da)成敦煌(huang)50MW的(de)(de)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)。

3、碟式

碟(die)(die)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統采用碟(die)(die)式(shi)聚(ju)光(guang)系統，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)輻(fu)射(she)反射(she)面布置為碟(die)(die)形。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)將通(tong)過碟(die)(die)形拋物面反射(she)鏡反射(she)聚(ju)焦(jiao)到接收器上，產生的熱(re)能通(tong)過推動(dong)安(an)裝在焦(jiao)點處的斯特林發動(dong)機做功(gong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)。碟(die)(die)式(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)作為一種點聚(ju)焦(jiao)的發電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術路線(xian)，具(ju)有(you)高(gao)聚(ju)光(guang)比、高(gao)集熱(re)溫度、集熱(re)器損失小的特點，目前光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換效率最高(gao)可達(da)30%左右。但其單機容量(liang)受制于價(jia)格因素，單體發電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)規模較小，適用于分布式(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

重新定位，光熱有望加速

由(you)于光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏和(he)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)隨機性以(yi)及系(xi)統(tong)調(diao)峰能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)限制，棄(qi)(qi)(qi)風、棄(qi)(qi)(qi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)問題在風光(guang)(guang)(guang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中日益突出。光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)配有儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)，使得(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠在不增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏等(deng)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率的(de)(de)(de)情況下，提(ti)升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納占比。具體(ti)(ti)內容(rong)包括，一方面，利用光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)風棄(qi)(qi)(qi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)所產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)器加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)熱(re)(re)，即實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)向熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換；另一方面，根據熱(re)(re)力學原理-朗肯循環(huan)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)僅有40%左右的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)效(xiao)率，所以(yi)一體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)項目(mu)同(tong)時(shi)利用光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)鏡場聚(ju)熱(re)(re)實現(xian)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，達到補能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果，提(ti)高(gao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)效(xiao)率。近年(nian)來，我國相繼出臺一系(xi)列政策文件(jian)，強調(diao)推(tui)動建設風光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)儲(chu)一體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基地(di)的(de)(de)(de)重要性，為(wei)新(xin)時(shi)期我國光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)發展指明了方向。

除此(ci)之外，在(zai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)電(dian)價(jia)補貼機(ji)制退出后，獨(du)立(li)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)已不再具備經濟性，而風(feng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)儲(chu)的(de)一(yi)體化能夠(gou)降低光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)系統的(de)投資額和(he)度電(dian)成本，提升(sheng)盈利空間(jian)。前文(wen)提到，定日(ri)鏡為光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)一(yi)大投資組成部分，在(zai)聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡場的(de)面積和(he)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)呈正(zheng)比的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下，光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)玻璃高昂的(de)成本是光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)裝機(ji)量(liang)難(nan)以快(kuai)速提升(sheng)的(de)一(yi)大原(yuan)因。在(zai)多能一(yi)體化項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)中，光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)主要在(zai)晚高峰期間(jian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)，白(bai)天(tian)和(he)夜間(jian)低谷負荷期分別為光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏和(he)風(feng)電(dian)的(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，相比于光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)全(quan)天(tian)獨(du)立(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)，此(ci)種情(qing)況(kuang)下光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)將有所減(jian)少(shao)，因此(ci)聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡場可以適(shi)當縮(suo)小，減(jian)少(shao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)投資額。

從(cong)國家和地方的政策(ce)可以(yi)看(kan)出，再次(ci)提(ti)起光熱(re)發電，它更多的是作為調峰資(zi)源出現，與大型風(feng)光發電項目配套(tao)發展。

鑒于光熱發電的(de)投資成本(ben)，僅僅這一點(dian)增(zeng)量市場，也(ye)是不(bu)容小(xiao)覷的(de)。

根(gen)據CSTA統計，2022年，在各地(di)(di)政府公布(bu)的大(da)型(xing)風電光伏基(ji)地(di)(di)項目、新(xin)能(neng)源市(shi)場化(hua)并網(wang)以及直流外送等項目名單中，配(pei)置太陽能(neng)熱發電項目29個，總(zong)裝機容量約330萬千瓦，將在2023或2024年前(qian)投產。

光熱發電每千(qian)瓦投資成(cheng)本約為(wei)2.5-3.5億(yi)，單330萬千(qian)瓦裝機量已經是大幾百(bai)億(yi)的市場空(kong)間。

不過，參(can)考光伏發展(zhan)歷(li)程，規模化帶來的技術路(lu)徑優化、供應鏈(lian)完善，以及(ji)核心設備國產替代(dai)，使得(de)光伏發電(dian)站的投資成本和(he)度電(dian)成本快(kuai)速下降，過去十年的降幅超80%。

隨著裝機規(gui)模增大，光(guang)熱發電也一定會經(jing)歷這個過程，只(zhi)是未(wei)來能降本增效到什么程度，仍需(xu)要時間給出答案。

可(ke)以肯定(ding)的(de)是，只有完成降本增效，光熱發(fa)電(dian)才可(ke)能獨立行走，換來更大(da)的(de)市(shi)場。在此之前，光熱發(fa)電(dian)或許更多飾(shi)演調(diao)峰配角。

測算模型：光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)裝機需求量(liang)(liang)=風(feng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)總體規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)*光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)*配(pei)置(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)作為配(pei)套儲能(neng)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)*光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電配(pei)置(zhi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)。風(feng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)總體規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)：2030年風(feng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)約455GW（十(shi)(shi)四(si)五200GW、十(shi)(shi)五五255GW）（發(fa)改委、能(neng)源局《以沙(sha)漠、戈壁、荒漠地(di)(di)區為重點的(de)大(da)(da)型風(feng)電光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)布局方案》規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)）。風(feng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)：“十(shi)(shi)四(si)五”期(qi)間為56%，“十(shi)(shi)五五”期(qi)間為60%。從已公布的(de)項(xiang)目中來看，光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)均與光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電形成配(pei)套，且在(zai)(zai)風(feng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)中光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)的(de)重量(liang)(liang)占比(bi)(bi)(bi)56%。考慮到未(wei)來光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電持續降本、多能(neng)互補(bu)項(xiang)目中光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)逐漸提高，我(wo)們預計這一數字在(zai)(zai)“十(shi)(shi)五五”期(qi)間升至60%。

文章來源：市值風云客戶(hu)端，經濟日報，未來智(zhi)庫(ku)，世(shi)紀新能源網